An immune system model in discrete time based on the analogy with the central nervous system

Jerne's model for the immune system formulated in terms of a neural network recently proposed by Weisbuch and Atlan is generalized to interactions with continuous coupling coefficients. It is shown that even the extended model can be solved analytically without the aid of computer simulations and exhibits one additional attractor, which corresponds to a configuration with high concentrations of active killer cells eventually causing death of the organism.     

A model of the immune system after vaccinations

A R I - The mathematical model of human immune reactions following a series of vaccinations (against hepatitis B) is proposed. The model is presented in terms of a functional-differential equation....     

The modeling of small scales in two-dimensional turbulent flows: A statistical mechanics approach

In previous work we have defined statistical equilibrium states for 2D incompressible Euler equations. We study here the relaxation process toward equilibrium. This leads to a natural modeling of the small scales in turbulent flows, which might be relevant for meteorological and oceanographic applications. Numerical simulations illustrating the performance of these new models are presented.     

Symmetric bursting of focus-focus type in the controlled Lorenz system with two time scales

By employing a special feedback controlling scheme, a hyperchaotic Lorenz system with the structure of two time scales is constructed. Two kinds of bursting phenomena, symmetric fold/fold bursting and symmetric sub-Hopf/sub-Hopf bursting, can be observed in this system. Their respective dynamical behaviors are investigated by means of slow-fast analysis. In particular, symmetric fold/fold bursting is of focus-focus type, namely, both the up-state and the down-state are stable focus, which is different from the usual fold/fold bursting; Symmetric sub-Hopf/sub-Hopf bursting is also of focus-focus type, which has not been reported in previous work. Furthermore, phase plane analysis has been introduced to explore the evolution details of the fast subsystem for symmetric sub-Hopf/sub-Hopf bursting. With the variation of the parameter, symmetric sub-Hopf/sub-Hopf bursting can evolve to symmetric chaotic bursting or even hyperchaos.     

一种典型的高性能计算：地球系统模拟

文章针对一种典型的高性能计算问题：地球系统模拟问题,简要回顾了地球系统模式发展的国际动态和国内现状,指出了中国在这方面存在的问题,分析了地球系统模式的国家需求,提出了中国地球系统模式发展的未来构想,介绍了地球系统模式中与高性能计算密切相关的关键科学问题和技术问题.通过介绍,作者希望有更多其他领域的科技工作者了解地球系统模式,并参与地球系统模式的发展;同时也希望文章能为中国地球系统模式的发展提供一些有益的帮助和参考.     

Characteristic time scales of tick quotes on foreign currency markets: an empirical study and agent-based model

Power spectrum densities for the number of tick quotes per minute (market activity) on three currency markets (USD/JPY, EUR/USD, and JPY/EUR) for periods from January 1999 to December 2000 are analyzed. We find some peaks on the power spectrum densities at a few minutes. We develop the double-threshold agent model and confirm that stochastic resonance occurs for the market activity of this model. We propose a hypothesis that the periodicities found on the power spectrum densities can be observed due to stochastic resonance.     

Short time scales in the Kramers problem: a stepwise growth of the escape flux

We prove rigorously and demonstrate in simulations that, for a potential system staying initially at the bottom of a well, the escape flux over the barrier grows on times of the order of a period of eigenoscillation in a stepwise manner, provided that friction is small or moderate. If the initial state is not at the bottom of the well, then, typically, some of the steps transform into oscillations. The stepwise/oscillatory evolution at short times appears to be a generic feature of a noise-induced flux.     

Composite system in noncommutative space and the equivalence principle

The motion of a composite system made of N particles is examined in a space with a canonical noncommutative algebra of coordinates. It is found that the coordinates of the center-of-mass position satisfy noncommutative algebra with effective parameter. Therefore, the upper bound of the parameter of noncommutativity is re-examined. We conclude that the weak equivalence principle is violated in the case of a non-uniform gravitational field and propose the condition for the recovery of this principle in noncommutative space. Furthermore, the same condition is derived from the independence of kinetic energy on the composition.     

光纤传输系统在空间辐射环境下的适应性研究

光纤通信具有广泛的空间应用前景,若要采用地面上成熟的调制技术实现卫星内的光纤通信,必须对器件及整个系统进行空间适应性分析。通过研究在不同剂量下辐射对器件及整个系统的影响,在基于整个系统的基础上进行了模拟对比实验,得到了不同器件在不同损伤条件下对系统的影响情况,以及系统在综合损伤条件下的性能变化。结果表明,EDFA和LD在辐射损伤下对系统影响严重,在高剂量辐射下需要对其采取防护措施。     

Symmetry of the Lagrangians of holonomic nonconservative system in event space

This paper analyzes the symmetry of Lagrangians and the conserved quantity for the holonomic non-conservative system in the event space. The criterion and the definition of the symmetry are proposed first, then a quantity caused by the symmetry and its existence condition are given. An example is shown to illustrate the application of the result at the end.     

Effects of cross-correlated noises on the relaxation time of the bistable system

The stationary correlation function and the associated relaxation time for a general system driven by cross-correlated white noises are derived, by virtue of a Stratonovich-like ansatz. The effects of correlated noises on the relaxation time of a bistable kinetic model coupled to an additive and a multiplicative white noises are studied. It is proved that for small fluctuations the relaxation time T_c as a function of λ (the correlated intensity between noises) exhibits very different behaviours for αD (α and D, respectively, stand for the ntensities of additive and multiplicative noises). When α>D, T_c increases with increasing λ. But when α相似文献   

Detection of determinism and randomness in time series: A method based on phase space overlap of attractors

The space overlap of an attractor reconstructed from a time series with a similarly reconstructed attractor from a random series is shown to be a sensitive measure of determinism. Results for the time series for Henon, Lorenz and Rössler systems as well as a linear stochastic signal and an experimental ECG signal are reported. The overlap increases with increasing levels of added noise, as shown in the case of Henon attractor. Further, the overlap is shown to decrease as noise is reduced in the case of the ECG signal when subjected to singular value decomposition. The scaling behaviour of the overlap with bin size affords a reliable estimate of the fractal dimension of the attractor even with limited data.     

Computer simulation of a cellular automata model for the immune response in a retrovirus system

Immune response in a retrovirus system is modeled by a network of three binary cell elements to take into account some of the main functional features of T4 cells, T8 cells, and viruses. Two different intercell interactions are introduced, one of which leads to three fixed points while the other yields bistable fixed points oscillating between a healthy state and a sick state in a mean field treatment. Evolution of these cells is studied for quenched and annealed random interactions on a simple cubic lattice with a nearest neighbor interaction using inhomogenous cellular automata. Populations of T4 cells and viral cells oscillate together with damping (with constant amplitude) for annealed (quenched) interaction on increasing the value of mixing probabilityB from zero to a characteristic valueB _ca (B _cq). For higherB, the average number of T4 cells increases while that of the viral infected cells decreases monotonically on increasingB, suggesting a phase transition atB _ca (B _cq).     

Beyond the relativistic point particle: A reciprocally invariant system and its generalisation

We investigate a reciprocally invariant system proposed by Low and Govaerts et al., whose action contains both the orthogonal and the symplectic forms and is invariant under global O(2,4)∩Sp(2,4) transformations. We find that the general solution to the classical equations of motion has no linear term in the evolution parameter, τ, but only the oscillatory terms, and therefore cannot represent a particle propagating in spacetime. As a remedy, we consider a generalisation of the action by adopting a procedure similar to that of Bars et al., who introduced the concept of a τ derivative that is covariant under local Sp(2) transformations between the phase space variables x^μ(τ) and p^μ(τ). This system, in particular, is similar to a rigid particle whose action contains the extrinsic curvature of the world line, which turns out to be helical in spacetime. Another possible generalisation is the introduction of a symplectic potential proposed by Montesinos. We show how the latter approach is related to Kaluza–Klein theories and to the concept of Clifford space, a manifold whose tangent space at any point is Clifford algebra Cl(8), a promising framework for the unification of particles and forces.     

专家控制技术在船舶机舱监测报警系统中的应用研究

为提高船舶自动化程度,实现无人机舱,将专家控制技术应用到机舱监测报警系统中;详细阐述了专家控制系统的结构、原理,从受控对象、专家控制器、规则库、推理机四方面介绍了建模过程;并结合结构功能、知识表示、传感数据预处理完成了智能机舱监测报警系统的建立;最后通过大连海事大学开发的DMS-2015轮机模拟器对专家控制型机舱监测报警系统进行了验证,结果表明,该系统的应用,使机舱故障报警更加精确,故障排除更加方便,大大降低了轮机员工作值班的疲劳强度,而且为船舶机舱监测报警提供了一个新思路。     

A discrete velocity model of a gas: Global in time solutions of the BBGKY hierarchy

In the present paper we study the evolution of a system of hard disks moving in the plane with a finite number of velocities as in the framework of a discrete velocity model of the Enskog equation, proposed in previous papers. Starting from the BBGKY hierarchy of such a system we give existence and uniqueness results for the initial value problem in suitable Banach spaces. In particular, the main result presented is the global in time weak solution to the BBGKY hierarchy for local equilibrium initial data, in the thermodynamic limit.     

On the time evolution of large systems: A soluble model with two-body interactions

We study the time evolution of a large system consisting of two kinds of particles that can be transformed into each other by an external field. The introduction of strong enough two-body interactions leads to the emergence of two time scales. The first one is connected with (small) asymptotic oscillations, and the second characteristic time describes a monotonic decay of the initial state. We also solve exactly and study a second model in which the two-body forces are replaced by a pair-production interaction.     

A novel design of membrane mirror with small deformation and imaging performance analysis in infrared system

A method of diminishing the shape error of membrane mirror is proposed in this paper. The inner inflating pressure is considerably decreased by adopting the pre-shaped membrane. Small deformation of the membrane mirror with greatly reduced shape error is sequentially achieved. Primarily a finite element model of the above pre-shaped membrane is built on the basis of its mechanical properties. Then accurate shape data under different pressures can be acquired by iteratively calculating the node displacements of the model. Shape data are applicable to build up deformed reflecting surfaces for the simulative analysis in ZEMAX. Finally, ground-based imaging experiments of 4-bar targets and nature scene are conducted. Experiment results indicate that the MTF of the infrared system can reach to 0.3 at a high spatial resolution of 10l p/mm, and texture details of the nature scene are well-presented. The method can provide theoretical basis and technical support for the applications in lightweight optical components with ultra-large apertures.