An immune system model in discrete time based on the analogy with the central nervous system

Jerne's model for the immune system formulated in terms of a neural network recently proposed by Weisbuch and Atlan is generalized to interactions with continuous coupling coefficients. It is shown that even the extended model can be solved analytically without the aid of computer simulations and exhibits one additional attractor, which corresponds to a configuration with high concentrations of active killer cells eventually causing death of the organism.     

Bursting oscillations in a hydro-turbine governing system with two time scales

A fast-slow coupled model of the hydro-turbine governing system(HTGS)is established by introducing frequency disturbance in this paper.Based on the proposed model,the performances of two time scales for bursting oscillations in the HTGS are investigated and the effect of periodic excitation of frequency disturbance is analyzed by using the bifurcation diagrams,time waveforms and phase portraits.We find that stability and operational characteristics of the HTGS change with the value of system parameter k_d.Furthermore,the comparative analyses for the effect of the bursting oscillations on the system with different amplitudes of the periodic excitation a are carried out.Meanwhile,we obtain that the relative deviation of the mechanical torque mt rises with the increase of a.These methods and results of the study,combined with the performance of two time scales and the fast-slow coupled engineering model,provide some theoretical bases for investigating interesting physical phenomena of the engineering system.     

A model of the immune system after vaccinations

A R I - The mathematical model of human immune reactions following a series of vaccinations (against hepatitis B) is proposed. The model is presented in terms of a functional-differential equation....     

事件空间中完整力学系统的梯度表示

本文研究事件空间中完整力学系统的梯度表示和分数维梯度表示, 建立系统的微分方程并将其表示为一阶形式, 给出系统成为梯度系统的条件以及成为分数维梯度系统的条件. 最后, 举例说明结果的应用.     

The modeling of small scales in two-dimensional turbulent flows: A statistical mechanics approach

In previous work we have defined statistical equilibrium states for 2D incompressible Euler equations. We study here the relaxation process toward equilibrium. This leads to a natural modeling of the small scales in turbulent flows, which might be relevant for meteorological and oceanographic applications. Numerical simulations illustrating the performance of these new models are presented.     

Symmetric bursting of focus-focus type in the controlled Lorenz system with two time scales

By employing a special feedback controlling scheme, a hyperchaotic Lorenz system with the structure of two time scales is constructed. Two kinds of bursting phenomena, symmetric fold/fold bursting and symmetric sub-Hopf/sub-Hopf bursting, can be observed in this system. Their respective dynamical behaviors are investigated by means of slow-fast analysis. In particular, symmetric fold/fold bursting is of focus-focus type, namely, both the up-state and the down-state are stable focus, which is different from the usual fold/fold bursting; Symmetric sub-Hopf/sub-Hopf bursting is also of focus-focus type, which has not been reported in previous work. Furthermore, phase plane analysis has been introduced to explore the evolution details of the fast subsystem for symmetric sub-Hopf/sub-Hopf bursting. With the variation of the parameter, symmetric sub-Hopf/sub-Hopf bursting can evolve to symmetric chaotic bursting or even hyperchaos.     

一种典型的高性能计算：地球系统模拟

文章针对一种典型的高性能计算问题：地球系统模拟问题,简要回顾了地球系统模式发展的国际动态和国内现状,指出了中国在这方面存在的问题,分析了地球系统模式的国家需求,提出了中国地球系统模式发展的未来构想,介绍了地球系统模式中与高性能计算密切相关的关键科学问题和技术问题.通过介绍,作者希望有更多其他领域的科技工作者了解地球系统模式,并参与地球系统模式的发展;同时也希望文章能为中国地球系统模式的发展提供一些有益的帮助和参考.     

颗粒体系中力分布的标量力网系综模型

建立了便于解析计算的标量力网系综模型研究颗粒体系中的力分布问题.所提出的Laplace变换法有效地解决了复杂约束条件下概率密度函数的积分问题,并给出体系中层数较少时极限分布的表达式.发现一般情况下极限分布为多项式与指数函数的乘积,力分布在接近平均力处取最大值,大于平均力时呈指数减小. 关键词： 静态颗粒体系 力空间 力网系综     

双稳系统演化的时间尺度与随机共振的加强

噪声作用下的双稳系统存在着单一势阱内的随机波动和两势阱之间的概率跃迁,这两种不同层级的运动具有不同的时间尺度,且低层级的势阱内的波动影响着高层级的势阱间的跃迁．当外作用周期信号的时间尺度与噪声诱导的势阱间概率跃迁达到随机同步时,则能产生随机共振;给系统再加第二驱动周期信号,使其时间尺度与低层级的势阱内的波动相匹配,则存在着频率吸收现象,并能增强双稳系统的随机共振效应． 关键词： 随机共振 双稳系统 层级 时间尺度     

Two time scales and violation of the fluctuation-dissipation theorem in a finite dimensional model for structural glasses

We study the breakdown of fluctuation-dissipation relations between time-dependent density-density correlations and associated responses following a quench in the chemical potential in the frustrated Ising lattice gas. The corresponding slow dynamics is characterized by two well-separated time scales characterized by a constant value of the fluctuation-dissipation ratio. This result is particularly relevant since activated processes dominate the long-time dynamics of the system.     

Characteristic time scales of tick quotes on foreign currency markets: an empirical study and agent-based model

Power spectrum densities for the number of tick quotes per minute (market activity) on three currency markets (USD/JPY, EUR/USD, and JPY/EUR) for periods from January 1999 to December 2000 are analyzed. We find some peaks on the power spectrum densities at a few minutes. We develop the double-threshold agent model and confirm that stochastic resonance occurs for the market activity of this model. We propose a hypothesis that the periodicities found on the power spectrum densities can be observed due to stochastic resonance.     

Short time scales in the Kramers problem: a stepwise growth of the escape flux

We prove rigorously and demonstrate in simulations that, for a potential system staying initially at the bottom of a well, the escape flux over the barrier grows on times of the order of a period of eigenoscillation in a stepwise manner, provided that friction is small or moderate. If the initial state is not at the bottom of the well, then, typically, some of the steps transform into oscillations. The stepwise/oscillatory evolution at short times appears to be a generic feature of a noise-induced flux.     

Composite system in noncommutative space and the equivalence principle

The motion of a composite system made of N particles is examined in a space with a canonical noncommutative algebra of coordinates. It is found that the coordinates of the center-of-mass position satisfy noncommutative algebra with effective parameter. Therefore, the upper bound of the parameter of noncommutativity is re-examined. We conclude that the weak equivalence principle is violated in the case of a non-uniform gravitational field and propose the condition for the recovery of this principle in noncommutative space. Furthermore, the same condition is derived from the independence of kinetic energy on the composition.     

用于电磁驱动真空-等离子体系统数值模拟的弛豫磁流体力学模型

提出了一个弛豫磁流体力学模型,特别适合电磁驱动真空-等离子体系统的数值模拟。该模型和Seyler采用的弛豫模型有相似之处,即采用全电磁模型,不同的是采用忽略电子惯性项的广义欧姆定律直接作为本构来封闭麦克斯韦方程,减少了独立变量,是适合此类问题的最简模型。分析了磁流体力学模型电磁部分的色散关系,从而论证了其在真空区退化为电磁传播,在等离子体物质区退化为磁扩散近似,并且相速和群速是有上界的。改进了Seyler采用的时间离散方式,从而将时间精度从1阶提高到3阶,时间步长不受刚性源项约束,只受系统最大的特征速度确定的柯朗-弗里德里奇-列维(CFL)条件约束,便于显式计算和大规模并行化。     

光纤传输系统在空间辐射环境下的适应性研究

光纤通信具有广泛的空间应用前景,若要采用地面上成熟的调制技术实现卫星内的光纤通信,必须对器件及整个系统进行空间适应性分析。通过研究在不同剂量下辐射对器件及整个系统的影响,在基于整个系统的基础上进行了模拟对比实验,得到了不同器件在不同损伤条件下对系统的影响情况,以及系统在综合损伤条件下的性能变化。结果表明,EDFA和LD在辐射损伤下对系统影响严重,在高剂量辐射下需要对其采取防护措施。     

Symmetry of the Lagrangians of holonomic nonconservative system in event space

This paper analyzes the symmetry of Lagrangians and the conserved quantity for the holonomic non-conservative system in the event space. The criterion and the definition of the symmetry are proposed first, then a quantity caused by the symmetry and its existence condition are given. An example is shown to illustrate the application of the result at the end.     

Detection of determinism and randomness in time series: A method based on phase space overlap of attractors

The space overlap of an attractor reconstructed from a time series with a similarly reconstructed attractor from a random series is shown to be a sensitive measure of determinism. Results for the time series for Henon, Lorenz and Rössler systems as well as a linear stochastic signal and an experimental ECG signal are reported. The overlap increases with increasing levels of added noise, as shown in the case of Henon attractor. Further, the overlap is shown to decrease as noise is reduced in the case of the ECG signal when subjected to singular value decomposition. The scaling behaviour of the overlap with bin size affords a reliable estimate of the fractal dimension of the attractor even with limited data.     

Effects of cross-correlated noises on the relaxation time of the bistable system

The stationary correlation function and the associated relaxation time for a general system driven by cross-correlated white noises are derived, by virtue of a Stratonovich-like ansatz. The effects of correlated noises on the relaxation time of a bistable kinetic model coupled to an additive and a multiplicative white noises are studied. It is proved that for small fluctuations the relaxation time T_c as a function of λ (the correlated intensity between noises) exhibits very different behaviours for αD (α and D, respectively, stand for the ntensities of additive and multiplicative noises). When α>D, T_c increases with increasing λ. But when α相似文献