Influence of thermal and hydrothermal activation on the adsorptive, acidic and catalytic properties of high-silica zeolites

Influence of HS-zeolite calcination up to 1023 K in air and steam on its adsorptive, acidic and catalytic properties in n-hexane cracking has been studied.

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Influence of hydrothermal treatment parameters on the phase composition of zeolites

Journal of Thermal Analysis and Calorimetry - This tissue developed the new environmental protection chemical composite inhibitor (CCI) for the effective inhibition of coal spontaneous combustion....     

水热处理对神华煤质的影响

结合水热处理煤的元素、灰分、挥发分分析以及IR光谱研究,讨论了水热处理对神华煤溶胀、抽提及液化性能的影响。结果表明,较高温度下水热处理存在明显的加氢作用,H/C摩尔比高于原煤;水热处理具有脱挥发分和脱灰作用,水热处理温度升高挥发分降低,灰分增加;水热处理的气态产物主要是CO2,250℃以上产生CO和CH4,其中CO2产率不受水热处理温度影响,CO和CH4产率则随水热处理温度升高而增加;水热处理降低了神华煤的溶胀性能,CS2/NMP混合溶剂抽提减小了抽余物在NMP溶剂中的溶胀度;适当温度水热处理能够提高CS2/NMP抽提率,但是索氏抽提性能有所降低;250℃~300℃水处理能够提高液化转化率,但是油气收率低于原煤,前沥青烯收率显著高于原煤。IR光谱分析表明,水热处理改变了煤分子中氢键等非共价键作用,其中较高温度水热处理将导致醚键、酯键等弱共价键水解和芳环侧链的断裂。     

The synthesis and physicochemical and catalytic properties of SHS zeolites

Superhigh-silica ZSM-type zeolites with silica moduli of 100–220 were synthesized using hexamethylenediamine as a structure-forming additive. Physicochemical methods were used to identify them as ZSM-5-type zeolites, determine their degree of crystallinity, specific surface areas, and morphology of crystals, and study the phase and elemental composition. The strength and concentration of acid centers were found to decrease as the silica modulus grew. The zeolites obtained can be used as the main component of catalysts for refining low-octane gasoline fractions and methanol conversion into hydrocarbons.     

Stabilized zeolites of Y-type. Their adsorption and catalytic properties

The stabilized decationized form of a Y-type zeolite has been prepared by the self-steaming calcination method. The temperature of the stabilization process influenced the nature of the interaction with ethylene.

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碱金属离子X型沸石的固相离子交换及其催化性能的研究

本文考察了水合13X沸石与碱金属盐类间的固相离子交换反应,并对交换样品的比表面、孔容和异丙醇分解反应活性进行了测定。结果表明,这种类型的固相离子交换在室温下即可发生。体积较大的Cs^+比K^+难于交换,高温焙烧有利于有提高Cs^+的交换度。固相交换样品的比表面、孔容变化和异丙醇分解反应活性都与液相交换样品相同,只是交换度的函数,与交换方法无关。与K^+交换样品相比,Cs^+交换样品中Cs^+离子更多地占据超笼,导致更高的超笼局部碱性和脱氢反应活性。     

以Mo-EDTA为钼源直接水热合成Mo-MFI分子筛及其催化环己烯环氧化性能

环氧化物是一种重要的有机化工原料,广泛应用于合成化学、聚合物合成、食品化学、药物化学等领域中.烯烃催化环氧化反应是制备环氧化物的主要方法.一些均相钼配合物催化剂对烯烃环氧化反应表现出较好的催化性能.然而均相催化剂在实际生产中存在与产物分离困难、不易循环利用等问题.为解决上述问题,研究人员采用不同策略将各种钼配合物负载在固体载体上,制备出活性相对较高的多相钼配合物催化剂.然而,这类负载型钼配合物催化剂在以双氧水为氧化剂的反应体系中普遍存在活性组分易于流失的问题,导致催化剂的稳定性相对较差.因此,设计制备具有高活性和高稳定性的多相钼基烯烃环氧化催化剂具有重要的科学意义和实用价值.将过渡金属引入到具有MFI型拓扑结构的微孔分子筛的骨架上能够制备出具有高活性和高稳定性的杂原子分子筛催化剂.例如,采用直接水热法合成的钛硅分子筛(如TS-1)对以双氧水为氧化剂的小分子烯烃(如丙烯)环氧化反应表现出非常高的活性和稳定性.受这一研究结果启发,研究人员还开展了水热法合成Mo原子取代的MFI型分子筛(Mo-MFI).然而,由于Mo的离子半径较大(与Si相比),且合成体系中的Mo物种在碱性条件下易于发生沉淀,导致引入到分子筛骨架或孔道中的Mo含量极低.本文以Mo-EDTA配合物为钼源,四丙基氢氧化铵为模板剂,正硅酸乙酯为硅源,采用一步水热法合成了系列具有不同钼含量的Mo-MFI-n分子筛(n代表初始Si/Mo摩尔比).结合X-射线粉未衍射、红外光谱、紫外-可见吸收光谱、拉曼光谱、透射电子显微镜等表征技术对分子筛的结构、组成和Mo物种的状态进行了研究.结果表明,使用Mo-EDTA作为钼源有利于在分子筛骨架和孔道中引入更多的Mo物种;EDTA2?独特的配位能力使其在分子筛生长过程中能够有效调节Mo物种的释放率,并与硅物种缩合的速率匹配,从而使更多的Mo物种被引入到分子筛骨架中;同时也会有少量的Mo物种以骨架外Mo团簇的形式分布在分子筛的孔道内或孔口附近.通过以双氧水为氧化剂的环己烯环氧化反应考察了所制备的Mo-MFI-n催化剂的性能.经组分优化的Mo-MFI-50(初始Si/Mo摩尔比为50)催化剂能够在较温和的条件下有效地将环己烯转化为相应的环氧化物.在75℃下反应9 h后,环己烯转化率和环氧化物选择性分别高达93％和82％,性能明显优于传统水热法合成的Mo-MFI分子筛.此外,反应后的Mo-MFI-50分子筛催化剂通过简单的过滤而不需要焙烧处理就可多次重复利用,表现出较高的结构稳定性和循环性.     

Relationship of textural properties and catalytic behavior in polycrystalline ZSM-5 zeolites

Polycrystalline ZSM-5 zeolites were studied in the cracking ofn-pentane and the isomerization ofm-xylene. It was found that slow deactivation rates and lowp-selectivity are related to large external surface areas determined by the t-plot method.     

热处理对HZSM-5结构、酸性及催化乙醇脱水反应性能的影响

对商用HZSM-5分子筛进行高温热处理,利用X射线衍射(XRD)、核磁共振波谱法(²⁷Al-MAS NMR)低温氮吸附、电感耦和等离子体放射光谱(ICP-AES)、氨-程序升温脱附(NH₃-TPD)和吡啶吸附傅里叶变换红外(FT-IR)光谱等技术对高温热处理改性前后样品进行了表征,并考察了高温热处理对分子筛的结构、酸性及催化乙醇脱水制乙烯反应性能的影响。结果表明,热处理改性后的HZSM-5分子筛发生骨架脱铝,B酸减少,L酸增多,孔容增大,出现新的介孔;适中的酸性位和复合型的介-微双孔道结构使其减少了反应中的副反应,乙烯的选择性得到提高,催化剂寿命显著提高。     

Effect of gamma-irradiation on the acidic properties of Na-Y zeolites

Na-Y zeolite samples were subjected to different doses of γ-irradiation ranging between (10–160 Mrad). The effect of this treatment on the surface acidity was investigated via temperature programmed desorption (TPD) of pyridine and ammonia.The results obtained revealed that γ-irradiation brought about a considerable decrease in the concentration of acidic sites to an extent proportional to the dose employed up to 80 Mrad. A dose as high as 160 Mrad was sufficient to expell completely the labile and moderately bound acidic centres (Bronsted type). These results have been attributed to the stimulation effect of the departure of structural water brought about by γ-irradiation. However, γ-irradiation was found to exert undetectable effect on the Lewis acidity of the investigated zeolites.     

Influence of ion mobility on the redox and catalytic properties of Cu ions in zeolites

This contribution aims at analysing the current understanding about the influence of Al distribution, zeolite topology, ligands/reagents and oxidation state on ions mobility in Cu-zeolites, and its relevance toward reactivity of the metal sites. The concept of Cu mobilization has been originally observed in the presence of ammonia, favouring the activation of oxygen by formation of NH₃ oxo-bridged complexes in zeolites and opening a new perspective about the chemistry in single-site zeolite-based catalysts, in particular in the context of the NH₃-mediated Selective Catalytic Reduction of NO_x (NH₃-SCR) processes. A different mobility of bare Cu⁺/Cu²⁺ ions has been documented too, showing for Cu⁺ a better mobilization than for Cu²⁺ also in absence of ligands. These concepts can have important consequences for the formation of Cu-oxo species, active and selective in other relevant reactions, such as the direct conversion of methane to methanol. Here, assessing the structure, the formation pathways and reactivity of Cu-oxo mono- or multimeric moieties still represents a challenging playground for chemical scientists. Translating the knowledge about Cu ions mobility and redox properties acquired in the context of NH₃-SCR reaction into the field of direct conversion of methane to methanol can have important implications for a better understanding of transition metal ions redox properties in zeolites and for an improved design of catalysts and catalytic processes.

The mobility of Cu ions in zeolites is influenced by oxidation state, ligands, zeolite topology and chemical composition. The known and possible implications for catalytic activity of Cu-zeolites are discussed.     

NaOH含量对HZSM-5分子筛性质及其催化甲缩醛气相羰基化性能的影响

通过调变合成过程中NaOH的含量,制备了一系列HZSM-5分子筛,并对其催化甲缩醛(DMM)气相羰基化合成甲氧基乙酸甲脂(MMAc)反应性能进行了详细考察。结果表明,本合成体系中,NaOH含量为0.8%(质量分数)时,ZSM-5分子筛表现出最佳的催化活性。BET、~(27)Al NMR、NH_3-TPD、Py-FTIR等多种表征结果证实NaOH含量的改变可有效调变分子筛孔道中介孔孔容及中强Br?nsted酸(B酸)位点的分布,两者是影响分子筛催化活性的主要因素。中强B酸位点增加,原料DMM反应加剧,转化率提高;介孔孔容增大,产物扩散途径缩短,孔道限域效应减弱,副反应被抑制, MMAc选择性增加。进一步采用密度泛函理论对DMM与HZSM-5分子筛作用过程进行了初步探索,发现反应过程中将首先形成甲氧基甲基(ZOCH_2OCH_3)中间物种,在此基础上,提出了DMM羰基化生成MMAc的可能机制。     

Effect of hydrothermal treatment on properties of Ni-Al layered double hydroxides and related mixed oxides

The Ni-Al layered double hydroxides (LDHs) with Ni/Al molar ratio of 2, 3, and 4 were prepared by coprecipitation and treated under hydrothermal conditions at 180 °C for times up to 20 h. Thermal decomposition of the prepared samples was studied using thermal analysis and high-temperature X-ray diffraction. Hydrothermal treatment increased significantly the crystallite size of coprecipitated samples. The characteristic LDH diffraction lines disappeared completely at ca. 350 °C and a gradual crystallization of NiO-like mixed oxide was observed at higher temperatures. Hydrothermal treatment improved thermal stability of the Ni2Al and Ni3Al LDHs but only a slight effect of hydrothermal treatment was observed with the Ni4Al sample. The Rietveld refinement of powder XRD patterns of calcination products obtained at 450 °C showed a formation of Al-containing NiO-like oxide and a presence of a considerable amount of Al-rich amorphous component. Hydrothermal aging of the LDHs resulted in decreasing content of the amorphous component and enhanced substitution of Al cations into NiO-like structure. The hydrothermally treated samples also exhibited a worse reducibility of Ni²⁺ components. The NiAl₂O₄ spinel and NiO still containing a marked part of Al in the cationic sublattice were detected in the samples calcined at 900 °C. The Ni2Al LDHs hydrothermally treated for various times and related mixed oxides obtained at 450 °C showed an increase in pore size with increasing time of hydrothermal aging. The hydrothermal treatment of LDH precursor considerably improved the catalytic activity of Ni2Al mixed oxides in N₂O decomposition, which can be explained by suppressing internal diffusion effect in catalysts grains.