A New Class of Infinite Products Generalizing Viète's Product Formula for π

We show how functions F(z) which satisfy an identity of the form F(α z) = g(F(z)) for some complex number α and some function g(z) give rise to infinite product formulas that generalize Viète's product formula for π. Specifically, using elliptic and trigonometric functions we derive closed form expressions for some of these infinite products. By evaluating the expressions at certain points we obtain formulas expressing infinite products involving nested radicals in terms of well-known constants. In particular, simple infinite products for π and the lemniscate constant are obtained. 2000 Mathematics Subject Classification: Primary—40A20; Secondary—33E05     

Iterative Algorithms for Multiscale State Estimation, Part 1: Concepts

The objective of the present investigation is to explore the potential of multiscale refinement schemes for the numerical solution of dynamic optimization problems arising in connection with chemical process systems monitoring. State estimation is accomplished by the solution of an appropriately posed least-squares problem. To offer at any instant of time an approximate solution, a hierarchy of successively refined problems is designed using a wavelet-based Galerkin discretization. In order to fully exploit at any stage the approximate solution obtained also for an efficient treatment of the arising linear algebra tasks, we employ iterative solvers. In particular, we will apply a nested iteration scheme to the hierarchy of arising equation systems and adapt the Uzawa algorithm to the present context. Moreover, we show that, using wavelets for the formulation of the problem hierarchy, the largest eigenvalues of the resulting linear systems can be controlled effectively with scaled diagonal preconditioning. Finally, we deduce appropriate stopping criteria and illustrate the characteristics of the solver with a numerical example.     

On split Lie triple systems

We begin the study of arbitrary split Lie triple systems by focussing on those with a coherent 0-root space. We show that any such triple systems T with a symmetric root system is of the form T = + Μ _j I _j with a subspace of the 0-root space T ₀ and any I _j a well described ideal of T, satisfying [I _j , T, I _k ] = 0 if j ≠ k. Under certain conditions, it is shown that T is the direct sum of the family of its minimal ideals, each one being a simple split Lie triple system, and the simplicity of T is characterized. The key tool in this job is the notion of connection of roots in the framework of split Lie triple systems.     

On the structure of split Leibniz triple systems

We study the structure of arbitrary split Leibniz triple systems with a coherent 0-root space. By developing techniques of connections of roots for this kind of triple systems, under certain conditions, in the case of T being of maximal length, the simplicity of the Leibniz triple systems is characterized.     

四圈图的Spread

图的spread定义为图的邻接矩阵的最大特征值与最小特征值的差.本文确定了n(n≥84)顶点四圈图中spread最大的唯一的图.     

Standardly Stratified Extension Algebras

Abstract

The paper generalizes some of our previous results on quasi-hereditary Koszul algebras to graded standardly stratified Koszul algebras. The main result states that the class of standardly stratified algebras for which the left standard modules as well as the right proper standard modules possess a linear projective resolution – the so called linearly stratified algebras – is closed under forming their Yoneda extension algebras. This is proved using the technique of Hilbert and Poincaré series of the corresponding modules.

     

On Derivations of the Ternary Malcev Algebra M 8

Derivations of the simple ternary Malcev algebra M ₈ and its algebra of multiplications are described.     

QF代数的Hopf代数作用

Ｈ是 Ｈｏｐｆ代数,Ａ是左 Ｈ－模代数,本文给出了当 Ａ是 ＱＦ代数时,ＡＨ也是 ＱＦ代数的一个条件．     

Simple sagle algebras

It is proved that ifS is a simple finite-dimensional anticommutative algebra over a field ϕ of characteristic zero satisfying the identityJ(x, y, z)t=J(t, z, xy)+J(t, y, zx)+J(t, x,yz), whereJ(x, y, z)=(xy)z+(zx)y+(yz)x, thenS is a Lie algebra. Translated fromMatematicheskie Zametki, Vol. 65, No. 4, pp. 607–611, April, 1999.     

Generalization of quasi-Koszul algebras

In this paper, we generalize two kinds of graded algebras, δ-Koszul algebras and K p algebras, to the non-graded cases. The trivial modules of δ-Koszul algebras have pure resolutions, while those of K p algebras admit non-pure resolutions. We provide necessary and sufficient conditions for a notherian semiperfect algebra either to be a quasi-δ-Koszul algebra or to be a quasi-K p algebra.     

A construction of quasi-hereditary endomorphism algebras简

In this article, we consider endomorphism algebras of direct sums of some local left ideals over a local algebra and give a construction of quasi-hereditary algebras.     

Generalizing the notion of Koszul algebra

We introduce a generalization of the notion of a Koszul algebra, which includes graded algebras with relations in different degrees, and we establish some of the basic properties of these algebras. This class is closed under twists, twisted tensor products, regular central extensions and Ore extensions. We explore the monomial algebras in this class and we include some well-known examples of algebras that fall into this class.