Global stability of an SIS epidemic model with delays

In this paper, we consider the global dynamics of the S(E)IS model with delays denoting an incubation time. By constructing a Lyapunov functional, we prove stability of a disease‐free equilibrium E₀ under a condition different from that in the recent paper. Then we claim that R₀≤1 is a necessary and sufficient condition under which E₀ is globally asymptotically stable. We also propose a discrete model preserving positivity and global stability of the same equilibria as the continuous model with distributed delays, by means of discrete analogs of the Lyapunov functional.     

Global properties for virus dynamics model with mitotic transmission and intracellular delay

In this paper we study the basic model of viral infections with mitotic transmission and intracellular delay discrete. The delay corresponds to the time between infection of uninfected cells and the emission of virus on a cellular level. By means of Volterra-type Lyapunov functionals, we provide the global stability for this model. Let η be the number of virus produced per infected cell. If ηcrit, the critical number, satisfies η?ηcrit, then the virus-free steady state is globally asymptotically stable. On the contrary if η>ηcrit, then the infected steady state is globally asymptotically stable if a sufficient condition is satisfied.     

Global stability of the virus dynamics model with intracellular delay and Crowley–Martin functional response

In this paper, a virus dynamics model with intracellular delay and Crowley–Martin functional response is discussed. By constructing suitable Lyapunov functions and using LaSalles invariance principle for delay differential equations, we established the global stability of uninfected equilibrium and infected equilibrium; it is proved that if the basic reproductive number is less than or equal to one, the uninfected equilibrium is globally asymptotically stable; if the basic reproductive number is more than one, the infected equilibrium is globally asymptotically stable. We also discuss the effects of intracellular delay on global dynamical properties by comparing the results with the stability conditions for the model without delay. Copyright © 2013 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

Improved delay-dependent stability criteria for continuous system with two additive time-varying delay components

This paper investigated the problem of improved delay-dependent stability criteria for continuous system with two additive time-varying delay components. Free weighting matrices and convex combination method are not involved, which achieves much less numbers of linear matrix inequalities (LMIs) and LMIs scalar decision variables. By taking advantage of integral inequality and new Lyapunov–Krasovskii functional, new less conservative delay-dependent stability criterion is derived. Finally, a numerical example is given to illustrate the effectiveness of the proposed method.     

Global dynamics for an age-structured epidemic model with media impact and incomplete vaccination

Some studies show that the efficacy of vaccines may decline and the vaccine-induced immunity wanes with time elapsed since vaccination (e.g., BCG, HBV vaccines). Meanwhile, the use of media can effectively contain the emerging epidemics. In our work, an SVEIR epidemic model with media impact, age-dependent vaccination and latency is proposed, where the efficacy of vaccines depends on the time since vaccination. Uniform persistence and the sharp threshold dynamics are established, that is, the vaccination reproduction number completely determines the global dynamics of the model system. Our main results established can be extended to the SVEIR model with the general nonlinear infectious force function of monotonicity and concavity.     

Global asymptotic stability in n-species nonautonomous Lotka–Volterra competitive systems with infinite delays

By means of Lyapunov functional, we have succeeded in establishing the global asymptotic stability of the positive solutions of a delayed n-species nonautonomous Lotka–Volterra type competitive system without dominating instantaneous negative feedbacks. As a corollary, we show that the global asymptotic stability of the positive solution is maintained provided that the delayed negative feedbacks dominate other interspecific interaction effects with delays and the mean delays are sufficiently small.     

Global dynamics of a intracellular infection model with delays and humoral immunity

A virus infection model with time delays and humoral immunity has been investigated. Mathematical analysis shows that the global dynamics of the model is fully determined by the basic reproduction numbers of the virus and the immune response, R₀ and R₁. The infection‐free equilibrium P₀ is globally asymptotically stable when R₀≤1. The infection equilibrium without immunity P₁ is globally asymptotically stable when R₁≤1 < R₀. The infection equilibrium with immunity P₂ is globally asymptotically stable when R₁>1. The expression of the basic reproduction number of the immune response R₁ implies that the immune response reduces the concentration of free virus as R₁>1. Copyright © 2016 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

Global analysis of an age-structured SEIR model with immigration of population and nonlinear incidence rate

Epidemic models with infection age of infectious individuals have been extensively studied, however, most of the existing works ignore the combined effects of immigration and nonlinear incidence. In this paper, we incorporate both the effects of immigration and nonlinear incidence, based on which we formulate an SEIR epidemic model. We give a rigorous mathematical analysis on some necessary technical materials. Then, by constructing a Lyapunov functional, we show that the endemic equilibrium is globally asymptotically stable. Numerical simulations of an application are given to support our theoretical results.     

Transient and asymptotic dynamics of a prey–predator system with diffusion

In this paper, we study a prey–predator system associated with the classical Lotka–Volterra nonlinearity. We show that the dynamics of the system are controlled by the ODE part. First, we show that the solution becomes spatially homogeneous and is subject to the ODE part as t → ∞ . Next, we take the shadow system to approximate the original system as D → ∞ . The asymptotics of the shadow system are also controlled by those of the ODE. The transient dynamics of the original system approaches to the dynamics of its ODE part with the initial mean as D → ∞ . Although the asymptotic dynamics of the original system are also controlled by the ODE, the time periods of these ODE solutions may be different. Concerning this property, we have that any δ > 0 admits D₀ > 0 such that if , the time period of the ODE, satisfies , then the solution to the original system with D ≥ D₀ cannot approach the stationary state. Copyright © 2012 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

Global stability of a virus dynamics model with intracellular delay and CTL immune response

In this paper, the global stability of a virus dynamics model with intracellular delay, Crowley–Martin functional response of the infection rate, and CTL immune response is studied. By constructing suitable Lyapunov functions and using LaSalles invariance principle, the global dynamics is established; it is proved that if the basic reproductive number, R₀, is less than or equal to one, the infection‐free equilibrium is globally asymptotically stable; if R₀ is more than one, and if immune response reproductive number, R⁰, is less than one, the immune‐free equilibrium is globally asymptotically stable, and if R⁰ is more than one, the endemic equilibrium is globally asymptotically stable. Copyright © 2014 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

Global dynamics of a multistage SIR model with distributed delays and nonlinear incidence rate

In this paper, a multistage susceptible‐infectious‐recovered model with distributed delays and nonlinear incidence rate is investigated, which extends the model considered by Guo et al. [H. Guo, M. Y. Li and Z. Shuai, Global dynamics of a general class of multistage models for infectious diseases, SIAM J. Appl. Math., 72 (2012), 261–279]. Under some appropriate and realistic conditions, the global dynamics is completely determined by the basic reproduction number R₀. If R₀≤1, then the infection‐free equilibrium is globally asymptotically stable and the disease dies out in all stages. If R₀>1, then a unique endemic equilibrium exists, and it is globally asymptotically stable, and hence the disease persists in all stages. The results are proved by utilizing the theory of non‐negative matrices, Lyapunov functionals, and the graph‐theoretical approach. Copyright © 2016 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

Asymptotic behavior of a stochastic virus dynamics model with intracellular delay and humoral immunity

In this paper, we formulate a stochastic virus dynamics model with intracellular delay and humoral immunity. By constructing some suitable Lyapunov functions, we show that the solution of stochastic model is going around each of the steady states of the corresponding deterministic model under some conditions. Then, numerical simulations are given to support the theoretical results. Finally, we propose several more effective way to control the spread of the virus by analyzing the sensitivity of the threshold of spread.     

Robust stability and stabilization analysis for discrete-time randomly switched fuzzy systems with known sojourn probabilities

The stability and stabilization analysis problem is considered in this paper for a class of discrete-time switched fuzzy systems with known sojourn probabilities. By using Lyapunov functional, new delay-dependent sufficient conditions are derived to ensure the stability of the system. Convex combination technique is incorporated and the stability criteria are presented in terms of Linear matrix inequalities (LMIs). Furthermore, the developed approach is extended to address the robust stability and stabilization analysis of the delayed discrete-time switched fuzzy systems with randomly occurring uncertainties. Finally numerical examples are exploited to substantiate the theoretical results.     

Global behaviour of an SIR epidemic model with time delay

We study the stability of a delay susceptible–infective–recovered epidemic model with time delay. The model is formulated under the assumption that all individuals are susceptible, and we analyse the global stability via two methods—by Lyapunov functionals, and—in terms of the variance of the variables. The main theorem shows that the endemic equilibrium is stable. If the basic reproduction number ?₀ is less than unity, by LaSalle invariance principle, the disease‐free equilibrium E_s is globally stable and the disease always dies out. By applying the integral averaging theory, we also investigate the stability in variance of the model. Copyright © 2006 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

Stability of a general delay‐distributed virus dynamics model with multi‐staged infected progression and immune response

In this paper, we formulate a (n + 3)‐dimensional nonlinear virus dynamics model that considers n‐stages of the infected cells and n + 1 distributed time delays. The model incorporates humoral immune response and general nonlinear forms for the incidence rate of infection, the generation and removal rates of the cells and viruses. Under a set of conditions on the general functions, the basic infection reproduction number and the humoral immune response activation number are derived. Utilizing Lyapunov functionals and LaSalle's invariance principle, the global asymptotic stability of all steady states of the model are proven. Numerical simulations are carried out to confirm the theoretical results. Copyright © 2016 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

Global stability analysis and permanence for an HIV-1 dynamics model with distributed delays

This paper mainly investigates the global asymptotic stabilities of two HIV dynamics models with two distributed intracellular delays incorporating Beddington-DeAngelis functional response infection rate. An eclipse stage of infected cells (i.e. latently infected cells), not yet producing virus, is included in our models. For the first model, it is proven that if the basic reproduction number $R_0$ is less than unity, then the infection-free equilibrium is globally asymptotically stable, and if $R_0 $ is greater than unity, then the infected equilibrium is globally asymptotically stable. We also obtain that the disease is always present when $R_0 $ is greater than unity by using a permanence theorem for infinite dimensional systems. What is more, a n-stage-structured HIV model with two distributed intracellular delays, which is the extensions to the first model, is developed and analyzed. We also prove the global asymptotical stabilities of two equilibria by constructing suitable Lyapunov functionals.     

Global attractivity of an almost periodic N-species nonlinear ecological competitive model

By using comparison theorem and constructing suitable Lyapunov functional, we study the following almost periodic nonlinear N-species competitive Lotka-Volterra model: