Green Determination of Total Iron in Water by Digital Image Colorimetry

A green iOS digital image colorimeter was fabricated for the determination of total iron in natural water. A mobile application operating on an iOS device was designed using Euclidean distance theory to perform iron determination. The application records the components of the color by storing red, green, and blue values as well as calculating the hue, saturation, brightness, and gray values using standard color theory. The component values obtained from the images of orange solutions of iron(II) complex with 1,10-phenanthroline were collected in a database and used for evaluation of the total iron concentration in water samples. Under the optimal conditions for solid-phase extraction used for sample preconcentration, the enrichment factor was 8.18. The iron concentration was determined by this device for concentrations from 0.01 to 1.0?ppm. The iOS digital image colorimeter achieved a limit of quantitation of 0.1?ppm. The accuracy and precision of the iOS digital image colorimeter were validated using a certified reference material, riverine water. The instrumentation was used for the analysis of natural water samples.     

流动注射分光光度法测定水体总磷

提出了一种单通道紫外消解流动注射比色分析法，能快速测定水样中总磷。实验采用了微量恒流混合泵、新型的细长型高灵敏度流通池及紫外消解器、液流分配阀、恒流瓶等FIA装置，并使用工业编程控制器和智能触摸屏进行控制和计算，使操作更为方便。此法分析时间短，测量范围宽，精度高，适合于各种水体的测定。     

手机数码比色法测定土壤中总磷含量

基于在酸性介质中,磷酸二氢钾(KH2PO4)与钼酸钠及抗坏血酸作用,生成蓝色的络合物,溶液的颜色随着KH2PO4浓度的增加而逐渐变浅,并呈现一定颜色梯度的原理,提出了使用手机数码比色法测定土壤中总磷含量的分析新方法。方法的相对标准偏差(RSD)为1.2%,对样品进行加标回收实验,加标回收率在102%~103%。方法方便快捷,成本低,适合现场分析,是一种农民自行测定土壤中总磷含量的新方法。     

手机数码比色法测定土壤中总磷含量

基于在酸性介质中,磷酸二氢钾(KH2PO4)与钼酸钠及抗坏血酸作用,生成蓝色的络合物,溶液的颜色随着KH2PO4浓度的增加而逐渐变浅,并呈现一定颜色梯度的原理,提出了使用手机数码比色法测定土壤中总磷含量的分析新方法。方法的相对标准偏差(RSD)为1.2%,对样品进行加标回收实验,加标回收率在102%¹03%。方法方便快捷,成本低,适合现场分析,是一种农民自行测定土壤中总磷含量的新方法。     

偏最小二乘法辅助分光光度法同时测定痕量锰、铁、铜和锌

痕量Mn（Ⅱ）、Fe（Ⅲ）、Cu（Ⅱ）和Zn（Ⅱ）与2－（5－溴－2－吡啶偶氮）－5－二乙氨基苯酚和聚乙二醇辛基本基醚在pH8．8发生高灵敏的显色反应，所形成的三元胶束络合物的吸收光谱严重重叠，用偏最小二乘法（PLS）辅助分光光度法成功地同时测定了模拟试样及铝合金和饲料添加剂中上述四种痕量组分。结果表明，PLS法是化学计量学法中一种可适用于基体较复杂的实际试样中痕量组分同时分光光度测定的优良的多元计算方法。     

偏最小二乘光度法同时测定铜和铁的研究及应用

７－（１－苯偶氮）－８－羟基喹啉－５－磺酸钠在ＰＨ＝４．７５ＨＡｃ－ＮａＡｃ缓冲溶液中能与Ｃｕ（Ⅱ）和ＦＥ（Ⅲ）形成稳定的络合物，本文研究了Ｃｕ（Ⅱ）－ＰＡＨＱＳ、Ｆｅ（Ⅲ）－ＰＡＨＱＳ体系的显色条件，以偏最小二乘法处理两者重叠吸收峰，建立了光度法同时测定铜和铁的方法。     

数码成像比色法测定水样中的总磷

在酸性介质中,磷酸二氢钾与钼酸铵、酒石酸锑钾及抗坏血酸作用,生成蓝色的络合物。随着磷酸二氢钾浓度的增加,溶液颜色加深,其数码成像的RGB值亦随着磷酸二氢钾浓度的增加而增加,由此建立数码成像比色法(DIC)测定水样中总磷的新方法。考察了DIC法的影响因素和最佳反应条件。与钼酸铵分光光度法对照,该方法简单,快速。用于实际水样的测定,相对标准偏差为1.8%~3.4%,回收率为99.7%~102.5%,结果与分光度法一致。     

数字光栅近红外漫反射法测定复合肥中总磷

利用数字光栅近红外漫反射技术快速、简便、穿透能力较强的特点建立复合肥中总磷(五氧化二磷)含量的方法,包括定标、建模、验证和应用试验等。结果表明:(1)检测只需几分钟,而且无需称样和消耗化学试剂。(2)与磷钼酸喹啉重量分析法相比,其定标标准偏差为0.13%,定标相关系数为0.995 9;验证标准偏差为0.15,验证相关系数0.994 8;(3)初步应用该法测定52个复合肥样品,预测标准偏差为0.29%,相关系数为0.985 0,与建模和验证结果相近。     

Portable Colorimetric Hydrogel Test Kits and On-Mobile Digital Image Colorimetry for On-Site Determination of Nutrients in Water

Portable colorimetric hydrogel test kits are newly developed for the on-site detection of nitrite, nitrate, and phosphate in water. Griess-doped hydrogel was prepared at the bottom of a 1.5 mL plastic tube for nitrite detection, a nitrate reduction film based on zinc powder was placed on the inner lid of a second 1.5 mL plastic tube for use in conjunction with the Griess-doped hydrogel for nitrate detection, and a molybdenum blue-based reagent was entrapped within a poly(vinyl alcohol) hydrogel matrix placed at the bottom of a third 1.5 mL plastic tube to detect phosphate. These test kits are usable with on-mobile digital image colorimetry (DIC) for the on-site determination of nutrients with good analytical performance. The detection limits were 0.02, 0.04, and 0.14 mg L⁻¹ for nitrite, nitrate, and phosphate, respectively, with good accuracy (<4.8% relative error) and precision (<1.85% relative standard deviation). These test kits and on-mobile DIC were used for the on-site determination of nutrients in the Pak Bang and Bang Yai canals, the main canals in Phuket, Thailand. The concentrations of nitrite, nitrate, and phosphate were undetectable to 0.60 mg L⁻¹, undetectable to 2.98 mg L⁻¹, and undetectable to 0.52 mg L⁻¹, respectively.     

Simultaneous Determination of Hydrocortisone and Zn-Bacitracin by Spectrophotometric Derivative and Multivariate Methods

 Four spectrophotometric methods are described and applied to resolve binary mixtures of the corticosteroid hydrocortisone and the antibacterial polypeptide Zn-Bacitracin. The simultaneous determination of the two compounds was accomplished by means of derivative methods, which were satisfactory used to determine synthetic mixtures of these compounds in different ratios and in pharmaceutical preparations (only for hydrocortisone). Direct absorption spectra of compounds were used to optimise the spectral data set performs the calibration by PLS-1, PLS-2 and PCR algorithms. These calibration models were evaluated through internal validation (prediction of compounds in its own designed training set of calibration), cross-validation (obtaining statistical parameters that show the efficiency for a calibration fit model) and external validation over synthetic and pharmaceutical mixtures. The four described procedures do not require any separation step. Precision studies were achieved over two series of ten standards for each compound showing no significant differences at 95% confidence level in the two spectrophotometric methods. The results found in commercial products were compared with those obtained by means of MEKC method and similar values were found. Correspondence: Department of Analytical Chemistry and Food Technology, Universidad de Castilla-La Mancha, 13071 Ciudad Real, Spain. e-mail: JoseMaria.Lemus@uclm.es Received January 25, 2002; accepted October 22, 2002     

数字图像法测定养殖水中的孔雀石绿

建立一种简单、可靠的养殖水中孔雀石绿的数字图像检测方法。以1-己基-3-甲基咪唑四氟硼酸盐离子液体富集水样品,再用手机拍照获取样品信息,最后用数字图像结合多层感知器神经网络定量分析孔雀石绿的含量。该法测定结果的相对标准偏差不大于6%(n=5),加标回收率为97.8%~103.0%。该方法可用于养殖水中孔雀石绿的含量测定。     

混合线性分析法的原理及应用

对一种新近发展的多元校正方法－混合线性分析法（hybrid linear analysis,HLA)的原理进行了深入探讨和阐述，用该法进行了模拟体系和复方头孢氨苄制剂的分析，在主因子数确定，单位谱的获得，波长选择、适用范围等方面进行了讨论。结果表明，HLA法可给出优于偏量小二乘法（PLS）的结果，方法易行，结果准确。在复杂体系分析中具有较好的应用前景。     

Simultaneous Determination of Dipyrone and Papaverine in Pharmaceutical Formulation using PLS Regression and UV Spectrophotometry

Abstract

A combination of sodium dipyrone and papaverine hydrochloride is used as an analgesic and antispasmodic drug. A simple and rapid procedure is proposed for simultaneous determination of these drugs in commercial formulations (Melpaz^®) based on partial least squares (PLS) regression and UV spectrophotometric measurements in the range of 218–300 nm. The calibration set was built with 25 solutions in concentrations ranging from 15.0–35.0 mg ml^?1 for dipyrone and from 0.5–1.5 mg ml^?1 for papaverine in methanol. The relative standard deviation (RSD) was 1.05% for dipyrone and 1.55% for papaverine in pharmaceutical formulations. The percent of relative recovery was 95.9% for dipyrone and 95.2% for papaverine. Figures of merit, such as accuracy, precision, sensitivity and adjust were also determined. The methodology was validated by using an independent method, based on high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC).     

手机成像数字图像法测定血糖

设计了智能手机数字图像法测定血清中血糖的实验,血清中血糖经葡萄糖氧化酶法显色后用手机拍摄溶液图像,用Image J软件读取图像中三原色的数值,绿色和蓝色光的数值与血糖在一定浓度范围内呈线性关系,都可建立标准曲线对样品中血糖定量检测,比较2个标准曲线的灵敏度,最后选择灵敏度高的蓝色光的标准曲线对样品进行检测,测定结果与分光光度法一致,加标回收率在96.0%~102.5%。该方法简便、快速、准确,可实现现场检测。实验中学生使用各自的智能手机为检测设备,可极大地激发学生的实验兴趣和创新、探索精神。     

Determination of Nitrilotriacetic Acid in Waters and Waste Waters by Gas-Liquid Chromatography,Differential Pulse Polarography and a Colorimetric Method

Abstract

A comparison of gas-liquid chromatography, differential-pulse polarography and a colorimetric method for the determination of nitrilotriacetic acid in settled sewage, sewage effluent, potable water, soil extracted water and deionised water has been undertaken. Differential-pulse polarography has also been applied to the determination of nitrilotriacetic acid in saline samples. By statistical analysis of replicate determinations, accuracy and precision have been evaluated, and calibration linearity assessed. Interferences were observed for sewage samples when analysed by all three methods. Precision was generally higher for differential-pulse polarography down to 100 μgl^?1, although only gas-liquid chromatography is applicable to concentrations below 25μgl^?1 in non-saline samples. The colorimetric method was not applicable to concentrations below 500 μgl^?1 of nitrilotriacetic acid.     

Challenges in the Determination of Nutrient Species in Natural Waters

The in situ determination of nutrient species in natural waters presents a significant analytical challenge. This paper introduces some of the practical issues involved and suggests flow injection analysis as a suitable tool to provide high quality data with high temporal and spatial resolution. Two case studies, the determination of macronutrients (nitrate and phosphate) in catchments and the determination of micronutrients (iron) in open ocean waters are described to illustrate the capability of the flow injection approach.     

药物中亚硝酸根的流动注射催化光度法分析

以亚硝酸根催化溴酸钾在磷酸介质中氧化维多利亚天蓝Ｂ褪色为指示反应，建立了反相流动注射催化光度法测定痕量亚硝酸根的新方法。本法操作简单、快速，灵敏度高，测定亚酸根的线性范围为２￣８０μｇ／Ｌ，直接用于含硝酸内服药和针剂中亚硝酸根的测定，与α－萘胺比色法对照结果一致。