臭氧氧化法及其联合技术在废水处理中的应用

臭氧具有极强的氧化能力,其反应产生的物质一般对环境污染很小。综述了臭氧处理单元的几种方式、臭氧联合技术及其在处理城市污水及工业污水中的应用,并概述了臭氧氧化技术的发展现状及趋势。     

废水处理新试剂——絮凝剂

高分子絮凝剂在水处理技术中占有十分重要的地位,而且已成为目前废水处理中的一类不可缺少的重要试剂。本文介绍了高分子絮凝剂的絮凝机理、种类、性质及其应用。     

膜生物反应器在废水处理中的应用及研究

膜生物反应器是将生物反应器与膜分离技术相结合的一种高效废水处理新技术。介绍了膜生物反应器的类型、特点以及其在处理生活污水、工业废水、垃圾渗透液、粪便污水和中水回用中的研究和应用现状,提出了膜生物反应器所存在的问题及其研究进展。     

环境监测实验室废水的处理及污染防治

介绍了目前我国各地环境监测实验室废水处理现状,对环境监测实验室产生的各种废水按化学性质进行了分类。总结了各类废水的处理方式,提出了可行的防治对策。     

混凝沉淀法处理工业含氟废水的工艺研究

以半导体工业中的含氟废水为研究对象,采用混凝沉淀法对去除废水中氟离子进行了系统的工艺研究.以Ca(OH)2为沉淀剂,分别用聚合氯化铁(PFC)和聚合氯化铝(PAC)为混凝剂,并加入聚丙烯酰胺(PAM)助凝剂的方法,对药剂投加量、混凝剂种类、体系pH值、沉降时间等因素进行了实验探索.结果显示,PFC比PAC混凝效果好.当Ca(OH)2添加量为理论值的2.5倍,PFC用量为15mg/L,助凝剂PAM用量为4mg/L,体系的pH值在6～7时,其除氟效果最佳,此时废水中残留氟离子浓度可降低至5.5mg/L,远远低于国家规定的排放标准(10mg/L).     

Sustainable Treatment and Detoxification of1-Chloro-2,4-Dinitrobenzene-containing Industrial Wastewater

In 1-chloro-2,4-dinitrobenzene (CDNB) manufacture, the washing process discharges a large amount of CDNB-rich acidic effluent: a very aggressive and toxic wastewater. The concentration of CDNB reaches up to 332.2mg/L. CDNB has been known as an intracellular glutathione-depleting agent and shown to have an adverse effect on erythrocyte membrane integrity and caused aemolysis of human red blood cell. 1 Its removal from wastewater is necessary for health and environmental reason.Two main techniques have been used for the decontamination of CDNB-containing wastewater:activate-carbon adsorption and biodegradation. Biodegradation method works well in summer.However in winter, the activity of animalcules decreases dramatically with the dropping of temperature. Adsorption of CDNB on fresh active-carbon is quick and efficient. However once saturated, active-carbon loses adsorption capacity sharply. The revival of active-carbon by flash steam blowing or sweeping proves to be sluggish and inefficient. Therefore frequent change and replenish of active-carbon is necessary which results in significant operating cost.In this study, we disclose an easy-operating and sustainable method for the treatment of CDNB-contaminated wastewater, which not only removes the toxic CDNB from wastewater and readily revives the active-carbon, but also produces another useful chemical 2,4-dinitrophenol(DNP). Our method is based upon the physical adsorption of CDNB on active-carbon and the chemical conversion of CDNB to SDNP and then to DNP. As a well known nucleophilic substitution example, chlorobenzene with one/two/three NO2, a very strong electron-withdrawing group, at its ortho- and/or para- positions can be readily hydrolysed to give the corresponding phenols under basic condition (Scheme 1).First, the CDNB-contaminated wastewater was treated with active-carbon at room temperature.CDNB was thus adsorbed on to active-carbon physically. The CDNB-loaded active-carbon was filtered off. The acidic filtrate was neutralised by aqueous Ca(OH)2 to give recyclable water or environmental friendly wastewater.Second, the loaded active-carbon was refluxed with aqueous alkaline which converts CDNB into water-soluble sodium 2,4-dinitrophenolate (SDNP). CDNB was therefore desorbed from active-carbon. Filtration of the suspension while hot followed by washing with hot water led to the revival of active-carbon. The revived active-carbon showed similar adsorption capacity to the fresh counterpart and can be recycled to treat the wastewater again and again. Third, acidification of the filtrate containing SDNP to pH = 4 led to nearly quantitative precipitation of DNP as crystals, which can be collected by filtration as another useful dye intermediate.     

絮凝处理对聚驱污水中部分水解聚丙烯酰胺浓度的影响

用常见无机和有机絮凝剂处理了聚驱污水,分别考察了絮凝剂单剂和复配处理后聚驱污水中残余部分水解聚丙烯酰胺(HPAM)质量浓度和透光率随絮凝剂剂量的变化.结果表明:采用无机絮凝剂处理聚驱污水时,残余HPAM质量浓度随絮凝剂剂量增加先减小后增大;采用有机絮凝剂处理聚驱污水时,残余HPAM质量浓度随絮凝剂剂量增加而线性增加.将无机絮凝剂与无机絮凝剂复配使用,则残余HPAM质量浓度与透光率成反比;将无机絮凝剂与有机絮凝剂复配使用,则残余HPAM质量浓度取决于复配体系中阳离子聚丙烯酰胺(CPAM)的添加量.     

The Perspective and Challenge of Nanomaterials in Oil and Gas Wastewater Treatment

Oil and gas wastewater refers to the waste stream produced in special production activities such as drilling and fracturing. This kind of wastewater has the following characteristics: high salinity, high chromaticity, toxic and harmful substances, poor biodegradability, and a difficulty to treat. Interestingly, nanomaterials show great potential in water treatment technology because of their small size, large surface area, and high surface energy. When nanotechnology is combined with membrane treatment materials, nanofiber membranes with a controllable pore size and high porosity can be prepared, which provides more possibilities for oil–water separation. In this review, the important applications of nanomaterials in wastewater treatment, including membrane separation technology and photocatalysis technology, are summarized. Membrane separation technology is mainly manifested in ultrafiltration (UF), nanofiltration (NF), and reverse osmosis (RO). It also focuses on the application of semiconductor photocatalysis technology induced by TiO₂ in the degradation of oil and gas wastewater. Finally, the development trends of nanomaterials in oil and gas wastewater treatment are prospected.     

污水厂污泥制备吸附剂及其在水处理中的应用

污水厂污泥制备吸附剂及其在水处理中的应用;污泥;吸附剂;污水处理     

化学混凝法处理废纸制浆废水的研究

在对瓦楞箱板纸废纸制浆废水的特性作了较系统的分析研究的基础上 ,采用自制的混凝剂LPAS及商品絮凝剂聚合氯化铝PAC ,研究了二者的最佳使用条件与对该废水的处理效果 ,结果表明 :混凝剂LPAS比商品絮凝剂PAC对该废水有更好的处理效果 ,当混凝剂LPAS用量为1 50mg/L时 ,废水CODcr、TSS的去除率分别达 71 .8%和 83.6 % ,添加助凝剂FO4 2 4 0可使絮层的沉降速度加快。     

高铁酸钾的制备及其在废水治理中的应用进展

高铁酸钾是一种集氧化、絮凝、吸附、杀菌、消毒、除臭功能于一体的新型绿色高效水处理药剂,在废水处理领域具有重要的理论研究和实际应用价值.本文对近年来高铁酸钾的制备方法及其在废水治理中的应用进行综述,重点分析了各制备方法的优缺点,并结合当前最新研究成果对高铁酸钾的工业制备及在废水治理中的应用前景进行了展望.     

Developing an Efficient Processing System Treatment for the High Concentration of Eucalyptus Chemical Mechanical Pulp Wastewater

The current wastewater treatment method shows low efficiency in treating wastewater with high concentrations of chemical mechanical pulp (CMP). Therefore, a chlorine dioxide Pretreatment Anaerobic Treatment (DPAT) was developed and applied to treat the CMP wastewater to obtain higher efficiency, obtaining the following results: The biodegradability of CMP wastewater improved after chlorine dioxide pretreatment. The COD of wastewater treated with chlorine dioxide was reduced from 5634 mg/L to 660 mg/L. The removal rate for chemical oxygen demand (COD) was 88.29%, 29.13% higher than the common anaerobic treatment. The reasons for the high efficiency of the DPAT treatment were that chlorine dioxide pretreatment removed the toxic substances in the original wastewater and thereby promoted the proliferation and growth of the anaerobe. The results show that pretreatment with chlorine dioxide can effectively enhance the biodegradability of high-concentration CMP wastewater. Therefore, DPAT treatment of high-concentration CMP wastewater is beneficial to environmental protection.     

Polysaccharide-Based Composite Hydrogels as Sustainable Materials for Removal of Pollutants from Wastewater

Nowadays, pollution has become the main bottleneck towards sustainable technological development due to its detrimental implications in human and ecosystem health. Removal of pollutants from the surrounding environment is a hot research area worldwide; diverse technologies and materials are being continuously developed. To this end, bio-based composite hydrogels as sorbents have received extensive attention in recent years because of advantages such as high adsorptive capacity, controllable mechanical properties, cost effectiveness, and potential for upscaling in continuous flow installations. In this review, we aim to provide an up-to-date analysis of the literature on recent accomplishments in the design of polysaccharide-based composite hydrogels for removal of heavy metal ions, dyes, and oxyanions from wastewater. The correlation between the constituent polysaccharides (chitosan, cellulose, alginate, starch, pectin, pullulan, xanthan, salecan, etc.), engineered composition (presence of other organic and/or inorganic components), and sorption conditions on the removal performance of addressed pollutants will be carefully scrutinized. Particular attention will be paid to the sustainability aspects in the selected studies, particularly to composite selectivity and reusability, as well as to their use in fixed-bed columns and real wastewater applications.     

混凝吸附法联合处理小麦麸膳食纤维废水

用聚合硫酸铝铁为混凝剂,阳离子型聚丙烯酰胺为助凝剂,活性炭为吸附剂,采用混凝吸附的方法,处理了小麦麸膳食纤维废水.结果表明当聚合硫酸铝铁(PAFS)的质量浓度为500 mg/L,聚丙烯酰胺(PAM)的质量浓度为10 mg/L,pH为4.21时,混凝处理后的废水COD去除率最大.絮凝后水样经活性炭吸附后COD去除率可达85.82%,色度去除率为100%,浊度去除率为93.03%.     

表面活性剂用于废水处理研究的新进展

随着工业化和农业现代化的迅速发展,水污染问题逐渐成为人们关注的焦点.大量工业废水的随意排放造成水体污染,导致可利用的淡水资源十分匮乏.因此,如何低成本,安全、高效地处理工业废水,提高水资源的重复利用效率已经成为亟待解决的重要问题.近年来,基于表面活性剂的分离技术在工业和分析领域取得了突破性进展,其绿色环保和低能耗的特点为废水处理提供了理想的选择.介绍了基于表面活性剂的废水处理技术--胶束增强超滤、表面活性剂改性的固相吸附和基于表面活性剂液液相分离的提取技术的原理以及研究进展,旨在为研究人员提供参考,进一步推动污水处理技术的发展.     

壳聚糖及其衍生物处理工业废水的研究进展

综述了近年来壳聚糖及其衍生物在处理工业废水中的应用.壳聚糖及其衍生物可处理工业废水中的重金属离子,如Cr（Ⅵ）、Cu（Ⅱ）和Zn（Ⅱ）等;可处理含染料的工业废水,如处理直接紫B、直接绿BE以及甲基橙等染料;还可用于处理印染、造纸和含油废水.壳聚糖及其衍生物具有易分离、可生物降解,无污染等特点,是绿色的水处理剂,且我国壳聚糖资源极为丰富,探索其在工业废水处理中的应用有着重要的价值.     

Ceramic-Polymer Composite Membranes for Water and Wastewater Treatment: Bridging the Big Gap between Ceramics and Polymers

Clean water supply is an essential element for the entire sustainable human society, and the economic and technology development. Membrane filtration for water and wastewater treatments is the premier choice due to its high energy efficiency and effectiveness, where the separation is performed by passing water molecules through purposely tuned pores of membranes selectively without phase change and additional chemicals. Ceramics and polymers are two main candidate materials for membranes, where the majority has been made of polymeric materials, due to the low cost, easy processing, and tunability in pore configurations. In contrast, ceramic membranes have much better performance, extra-long service life, mechanical robustness, and high thermal and chemical stabilities, and they have also been applied in gas, petrochemical, food-beverage, and pharmaceutical industries, where most of polymeric membranes cannot perform properly. However, one of the main drawbacks of ceramic membranes is the high manufacturing cost, which is about three to five times higher than that of common polymeric types. To fill the large gap between the competing ceramic and polymeric membranes, one apparent solution is to develop a ceramic-polymer composite type. Indeed, the properly engineered ceramic-polymer composite membranes are able to integrate the advantages of both ceramic and polymeric materials together, providing improvement in membrane performance for efficient separation, raised life span and additional functionalities. In this overview, we first thoroughly examine three types of ceramic-polymer composite membranes, (i) ceramics in polymer membranes (nanocomposite membranes), (ii) thin film nanocomposite (TFN) membranes, and (iii) ceramic-supported polymer membranes. In the past decade, great progress has been made in improving the compatibility between ceramics and polymers, while the synergy between them has been among the main pursuits, especially in the development of the high performing nanocomposite membranes for water and wastewater treatment at lowered manufacturing cost. By looking into strategies to improve the compatibility among ceramic and polymeric components, we will conclude with briefing on the perspectives and challenges for the future development of the composite membranes.     

多酸@金属-有机骨架材料的制备及其在废水处理中的应用

废水中的污染物由于其成分复杂、生物毒性大和难降解等特点,危害人体健康,因此,寻找开发一些能有效去除废水中的剧毒和难降解污染物的吸附剂成为亟待解决的问题.金属-有机骨架材料(MOFs)由于结构有序且多样、拓扑结构丰富、孔隙度超高、比表面积大、骨架结构稳定和易于掺杂其他组分等特点,使其在吸附领域得到了广泛的关注.多金属氧酸...     

壳聚糖制备新工艺及生产废水处理

研究一种制备壳聚糖的新方法——“一步法”，即将虾、蟹壳酸浸、碱煮、脱乙酰后直接制得壳聚糖，分析了操作中各步骤的溶液组成、处理温度和处理时间等因索对壳聚糖脱乙酰度和粘均分子量的影响，并通过正交实验对工艺参数进行了优化。采用自然沉淀、两次中和及活性污泥法组合处理壳聚糖生产废水，不仅能使处理后的废水达标排放，而且可完全回用，实现零排放。废水处理过程中产生的废渣水洗后经压滤，可作饲科。     

零价铁耦合厌氧微生物法在废水处理中的应用

零价铁(ZVI)与厌氧微生物的耦合是一项很有前景的技术,在难降解有机废水的去除中得到了广泛关注.该耦合技术将ZVI技术的高效性与厌氧生物技术的经济性有效融合,在多元微电场和厌氧微生物协同作用下,有效降低难降解有机物的生物抑制性和毒性.本文综述了此技术处理工业废水的潜在机理、实际应用中主要操作参数及影响条件以及处理含氯化...