Backlund transformation and exact solutions for whitham-broer-kaup equations in shallow water

I.IntroductionTodescribethepropagationofshallowwaterwave,manywell-knowncompletelyintegrablemodelsareintroduced,suchasKdVequatioll,Boussinesqequation,K-Pequation,WBKequation,etc.UnderBoussinesqapproximation,Whitham,BroerandKaupl"2'3]obtainednon-lilleurWBKequationwhereu=u(x,l)isthefieldofhorizontalvelocity;v=v(x,t)istheheightthatdeviatefromequilibriumpositionofliquid;a,gareconstantsthatrepresentdift'erentdispersivepower.TheEqs.(1.I),(l.2)areverygoodmodelstodescl.ibedispersivewave.Ifa=0,P…     

Whitham—Broer—Kaup浅水波方程新的多孤子解

Whitham-Broer-Kaup（简记WBK）方程具有重要的意义,至今人们只给出了它的单孤子解,本利用齐次平衡法并借助数学给出它新的多孤子解,并作为特例得到一类变式Boussinesq方程的多孤子解。     

Structure and linear viscoelasticity of flexible polymer solutions: comparison of polyelectrolyte and neutral polymer solutions

The current state of understanding for solution conformations of flexible polymers and their linear viscoelastic response is reviewed. Correlation length, tube diameter, and chain size of neutral polymers in good solvent, neutral polymers in θ-solvent, and polyelectrolyte solutions with no added salt are compared as these are the three universality classes for flexible polymers in solution. The 1956 Zimm model is used to describe the linear viscoelasticity of dilute solutions and of semidilute solutions inside their correlation volumes. The 1953 Rouse model is used for linear viscoelasticity of semidilute unentangled solutions and for entangled solutions on the scale of the entanglement strand. The 1971 de Gennes reptation model is used to describe linear viscoelastic response of entangled solutions. In each type of solution, the terminal dynamics, reflected in the terminal modulus, chain relaxation time, specific viscosity, and diffusion coefficient are reviewed with experiment and theory compared. Overall, the agreement between theory and experiment is remarkable, with a few unsettled issues remaining.     

Nonlinear interactions and chaotic dynamics of suspended cables with three-to-one internal resonances

Nonlinear planar oscillations of suspended cables subjected to external excitations with three-to-one internal resonances are investigated. At first, the Galerkin method is used to discretize the governing nonlinear integral–partial-differential equation. Then, the method of multiple scales is applied to obtain the modulation equations in the case of primary resonance. The equilibrium solutions, the periodic solutions and chaotic solutions of the modulation equations are also investigated. The Newton–Raphson method and the pseudo-arclength path-following algorithm are used to obtain the frequency/force–response curves. The supercritical Hopf bifurcations are found in these curves. Choosing these bifurcations as the initial points and applying the shooting method and the pseudo-arclength path-following algorithm, the periodic solution branches are obtained. At the same time, the Floquet theory is used to determine the stability of the periodic solutions. Numerical simulations are used to illustrate the cascades of period-doubling bifurcations leading to chaos. At last, the nonlinear responses of the two-degree-of-freedom model are investigated.     

Asymptotic analysis of a 3D elasticity problem for a radially inhomogeneous transversally isotropic hollow cylinder

The method of asymptotic integration of equations of elasticity [1] is used to study the behavior of the solution of a 3D elasticity problem for a radially inhomogeneous transversally isotropic hollow cylinder of small thickness. Under the assumption that the load is sufficiently smooth, the asymptotic method [1] is used to construct inhomogeneous solutions. An algorithm for constructing exact particular solutions of the equilibrium equations is given for loads of specific types in the case where the cylinder lateral surface is loaded by forces polynomially depending on the axial coordinate. Then the homogeneous solutions are constructed. The asymptotic expansions of homogeneous solutions are obtained, and the above analysis is used to explain the character of the stress-strain state.     

Further improved F-expansion and new exact solutions for nonlinear evolution equations

The improved F-expansion method with a computerized symbolic computation is used to construct the exact traveling wave solutions of four nonlinear evolution equations in physics. As a result, many exact traveling wave solutions are obtained which include new soliton-like solutions, trigonometric function solutions, and rational solutions. The method is straightforward and concise, and it holds promise for many applications.     

Nonlinear three-dimension analysis for axially symmetrical circular plates and multilayered plates

Analytic nonlinear three-dimension solutions are presented for axially symmetrical homogeneous isotropic circular plates and multilayered plates with rigidly clamped boundary conditions and under transverse load.The geometric nonlinearily from a moderately large deflection is considered.A developmental perturbation method is used to solve the complicated nonlinear three-dimension differential equations of equilibrium.The basic idea of this perturbation method is using the two-dimension solutions as a basic form of the corresponding three-dimension solutions,and then processing the perturbation procedure to obtain the three-dimension perturbation solutions.The nonlinear three-dimension results in analytic expressions and in numerical forms for ordinary plates and multilayered plates are presented.All of the plate stresses are shown in figures.The results show that this perturbation method used to analyse nonlinear three-dimension problems of plates is effective.     

Time-fractional radial diffusion in hollow geometries

The aim of this paper is to present the analytical solutions corresponding to the time-fractional radial diffusion in some hollow geometries. The Caputo fractional derivative is used. With the method of separation of variables and the Laplace transform, the solutions are presented in terms of the Mittag-Leffler functions. In the limitting cases, the similar solutions for the ordinary diffusion and wave equations are obtained. Furthermore, the numerical results are illustrated graphically.     

Effective Molecular Dynamics Model of Ionic Solutions for Large-Scale Calculations

A model of ionic solutions is proposed which can be used to calculate aqueous salt solutions in different nanostructures. The interaction potential of the model includes the Lennard-Jones potential and angularly averaged dipole–dipole and ion–dipole interactions. Lennard-Jones potential parameters for different ions are obtained. Characteristics of aqueous solutions at different salt concentrations are calculated using the molecular dynamics method. It is shown that the calculated values of the hydration shells of ions parameters are in good agreement with the theoretical and experimental data at a salt concentration of 1 mol/kg. The computational scheme used in the calculations is described. It is shown that calculations using the proposed model require less computing resources compared with the standard models of ionic solutions.     

挠性联结双体航天器的稳定性与分岔

研究圆轨道内受万有引力矩作用的挠性联结双体航天器在轨道平面内的姿态运动,讨论其相对轨道坐标系统平衡状态的稳定性与分岔。提出判平衡方程非平凡解存在性的几何方法,并应用Ｌｉａｐｕｎｏｖ直接法、Ｌｉａｐｕｎｏｖ－Ｓｃｈｍｉｄｔ约化方法和奇异性理论导出解析形式的稳定性与分岔的充要条件,从而对系统的全局运动性态作出定性的描述。     

复合材料层合板的三维研究

本文提出了固支复合材料各向异性层合圆板受均布横向载荷作用下的满足三维弹性力学基本微分方程和边界条件的解析解答。文中采用一种发展的摄动方法进行求解，板中的每个应力和位移都展开为无量纲厚度参数ε的摄动级数，并采用二维板理论解答作为其相应三维摄动解答的一个基本解的形式，通过摄动方法逐级求解而获得完整的三维解答。文中以解析形式和数值形式给出了高精确度的三维应力和位移结果，结果表明，本文求解三维问题的解析方法是合理有效的。     

Thermal nonlinear behavior of sandwich panels: Experimental measurements

Elasticity solutions for sandwich panels assembled with nonrigid bondings and subjected to temperature changes are presented. The solutions satisfy the equilibrium equations of the face and core element, and the compability equations of stresses and strains at the interfaces. An experimental program is conducted to measure the normal strains in the faces of sandwich specimens under different temperature changes. A heat chamber is designed and used to cause thermal gradients across the specimens. The material properties were determined experimentally and used in conjunction with the analytical solutions. Both analytical and experimental results are found to be in very good agreement.     

Extreme wave solutions: Parametric studies and wavelet analysis

Wave fields for near homoclinic, single mode rogue-wave solutions of the periodic nonlinear Schrödinger equation are presented. Parameters of candidate solutions are estimated and refined through an eigenvalue solution procedure. An overview of the estimation and refining procedure used by the authors is provided. Solutions are scaled to facilitate experimental implementation. The continuous wavelet transform is used to carry out time–frequency analyses and the results obtained are demonstrative of the dispersion relation as well as the time varying side band energy transfer associated with the Benjamin–Feir instability. The analysis framework and approach used are validated with the Peregrine solution. Other extreme wave solutions are analyzed as well. The framework presented here could serve as a basis for experimental investigations into single mode rogue waves as well as other localizations in wave fields.     

套管-水泥环-地层应力分布的理论解

利用弹性力学理论研究地应力场中套管-水泥环-地层系统应力分布的理论解，在求解过程中，将原问题分解为两个相对简单的子问题．考虑到套管井系统是层状结构的特点，且各层受力情况具有相似性，进一步地，基于两个弹性力学平面应变基本问题的解，采用结构力学的求解思想，由位移连续条件分别求得了两个子问题的解，最后由叠加原理得到了原问题的理论解．     

Travelling wave solutions for a second order wave equation of KdV type

The theory of planar dynamical systems is used to study the dynamical behaviours of travelling wave solutions of a nonlinear wave equations of KdV type.In different regions of the parametric space,sufficient conditions to guarantee the existence of solitary wave solutions,periodic wave solutions,kink and anti-kink wave solutions are given.All possible exact explicit parametric representations are obtained for these waves.     

Mode I stress intensity factor solutions for spot welds in lap-shear specimens

The analytical solutions of the mode I stress intensity factor for spot welds in lap-shear specimens are investigated based on the classical Kirchhoff plate theory for linear elastic materials. First, closed-form solutions for an infinite plate containing a rigid inclusion under counter bending conditions are derived. The development of the closed-form solutions is then used as a guide to develop approximate closed-form solutions for a finite square plate containing a rigid inclusion under counter bending conditions. Based on the J integral, the closed-form solutions are used to develop the analytical solutions of the mode I stress intensity factor for spot welds in lap-shear specimens of large and finite sizes. The analytical solutions of the mode I stress intensity factor based on the solutions for infinite and finite square plates with an inclusion are compared with the results of the three-dimensional finite element computations of lap-shear specimens with various ratios of the specimen half width to the nugget radius. The results indicate that the mode I stress intensity factor solution based on the finite square plate model with an inclusion agrees well with the computational results for lap-shear specimens for the ratio of the half specimen width to the nugget radius between 4 and 15. Finally, a set of the closed-form stress intensity factor solutions for lap-shear specimens at the critical locations are proposed for future applications.     

Shape analysis and damped oscillatory solutions for a class of nonlinear wave equation with quintic term简

This paper aims at analyzing the shapes of the bounded traveling wave solu- tions for a class of nonlinear wave equation with a quintic term and obtaining its damped oscillatory solutions. The theory and method of planar dynamical systems are used to make a qualitative analysis to the planar dynamical system which the bounded traveling wave solutions of this equation correspond to. The shapes, existent number, and condi- tions are presented for all bounded traveling wave solutions. The bounded traveling wave solutions are obtained by the undetermined coefficients method according to their shapes, including exact expressions of bell and kink profile solitary wave solutions and approxi- mate expressions of damped oscillatory solutions. For the approximate damped oscillatory solution, using the homogenization principle, its error estimate is given by establishing the integral equation, which reflects the relation between the exact and approximate so- lutions. It can be seen that the error is infinitesimal decreasing in the exponential form.     

Periodic solutions of strongly non-linear Mathieu oscillators

The purpose of this paper is to continue our investigation into periodic solutions of strongly non-linear Mathieu oscillators. The modified version of the generalized averaging method which we developed recently is applied to derive highly accurate analytical expressions for these periodic solutions. These analytical results are used, together with the perturbation methods of multiple time scaling, to obtain second order expressions for the stability regions of these periodic solutions. The analytical research results are verified with numerical computations. Very good agreement is found, which shows the applicability of the modified version of the generalized averaging method to this kind of strongly non-linear oscillators. These oscillators may be used to model the beam-beam interaction in particle accelerators.     

Solitons and other nonlinear waves of the Boussinesq equation

This paper studies the dynamics of shallow water waves that are governed by the Boussinesq equations. A few perturbation terms are taken into account. The ansatz method is used to carry out the perturbed Boussinesq equation. Later on, the mapping method is used to extract a few more analytical solutions. Additionally, the Weierstrass elliptic function method is also used to obtain solitary waves and singular soliton solutions. Finally, the Lie symmetry approach is used to extract a few more additional solutions.     

Verification of Euler/Navier–Stokes codes using the method of manufactured solutions

The method of manufactured solutions is used to verify the order of accuracy of two finite‐volume Euler and Navier–Stokes codes. The Premo code employs a node‐centred approach using unstructured meshes, while the Wind code employs a similar scheme on structured meshes. Both codes use Roe's upwind method with MUSCL extrapolation for the convective terms and central differences for the diffusion terms, thus yielding a numerical scheme that is formally second‐order accurate. The method of manufactured solutions is employed to generate exact solutions to the governing Euler and Navier–Stokes equations in two dimensions along with additional source terms. These exact solutions are then used to accurately evaluate the discretization error in the numerical solutions. Through global discretization error analyses, the spatial order of accuracy is observed to be second order for both codes, thus giving a high degree of confidence that the two codes are free from coding mistakes in the options exercised. Examples of coding mistakes discovered using the method are also given. Copyright © 2004 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.