壳聚糖-Fe(Ⅲ)复合凝胶球去除磷酸根的影响因素与吸附机理

为改善当前环境水体中的磷污染现状,利用溶胶-滴定-真空冷冻干燥法制备了壳聚糖-铁(CS-Fe)复合凝胶球去除水中磷酸根。对CS-Fe凝胶球的形貌结构进行了表征,研究了材料对磷酸根的吸附影响因素,并探索了反应机理。结果表明,CS-Fe对磷酸根的吸附为自发、吸热、熵增过程;吸附过程符合拟一级动力学方程,吸附平衡时间为50 min;根据Langmuir模型计算最大吸附量为23.97 mg/g,脱附效率大于90%。傅里叶红外光谱(FT-IR)、扫描电子显微镜-能量散射谱(SEM-EDS)、Zeta电势分析、X射线光电子能谱(XPS)等证明,CS-Fe形成利于磷酸根快速吸附的蜂窝状结构;吸附机理包含静电吸附和离子交换过程。该吸附剂将金属化合物的吸附性能与壳聚糖大分子利于构建多孔材料的特点相结合,改善了吸附效果,球状材料更利于回收,避免二次污染,具有良好应用前景。     

一种磷酸根-羧甲基葡甘聚糖锆凝胶球的吸附性能

用氧氯化锆溶液交联羧甲基葡甘聚糖制得新型吸附材料—羧甲基葡甘聚糖锆凝胶球。探究了凝胶球对磷酸根的吸附性能,考察了羧甲基葡甘聚糖浓度、氧氯化锆浓度、吸附时间、pH值、温度和磷酸根浓度对吸附的影响。结果表明:298K时,凝胶球对磷酸根的吸附9h达平衡,当CMKGM和氧氯化锆浓度均为2.0%,磷酸根初始浓度为600mg·L-1,pH为2.5时,吸附量为186.65mg/g。利用Langmuir方程拟合实验数据,发现该方程适合于所研究的吸附体系。该体系为吸热体系,升温有利于吸附。     

改性高粱秸秆对磷酸根的吸附性能研究

将改性高粱秸秆用于磷酸根的吸附,研究了时间、酸度、温度以及改性高粱秸秆用量等因素对其吸附性能的影响。结果表明,在常温下,改性高粱秸秆对磷酸根具有良好的吸附性能,吸附时间快。改性高粱秸秆对磷酸根的吸附符合Langmuir和Freundli-ch吸附等温方程及准二级动力学方程,吸附过程以单分子层物理吸附为主。     

羧甲基纤维素-壳聚糖水凝胶球的制备及性能

采用物理交联法制备了羧甲基纤维素(CMC)-壳聚糖(CS)共混水凝胶球;研究了共混球的耐酸碱性、溶胀性及对亚甲基蓝的吸附性能.结果表明,水凝胶球在弱酸和弱碱中具有一定的稳定性;随着羧甲基纤维素与壳聚糖质量比的增大,水凝胶的吸水溶胀率增加.在CMC与CS质量比为1∶4时制备的水凝胶呈规则球状.     

壳聚糖水凝胶微球的制备与溶胀性能

采用三聚磷酸钠(TPP)和六偏磷酸钠(SHMP)为复合交联剂,制备了离子交联网络结构的壳聚糖水凝胶微球。分析讨论了交联剂质量配比、pH以及离子强度等对壳聚糖微球溶胀性能的影响。结果表明:使用复合交联剂制备的微球的溶胀度比单独使用TPP或SHMP的分别低62.4%和41.3%,交联效率得到明显提高;当m(TPP)∶m(SHMP)=3∶5,交联剂pH=5时,制备的微球交联程度最好,结构最密实;在pH=1.2的缓冲溶液中,溶胀度可达到357%,而且凝胶没有任何破碎。微球具有较好的离子强度和pH敏感性,在酸性介质中有较高的溶胀度。     

磁性壳聚糖微球的制备及对Cr(Ⅵ)的吸附性能研究

用壳聚糖包埋磁流体,用戊二醛交联制成磁性壳聚糖微球,并用红外光谱表征其结构。用制备的磁性壳聚糖微球吸附Cr(Ⅵ)离子,考察了其对Cr(Ⅵ)离子的吸附性能;探讨了吸附时间、溶液pH值、吸附剂用量、温度、Cr(Ⅵ)起始浓度以及其他离子存在对Cr(Ⅵ)离子去除率的影响。实验结果表明,磁性壳聚糖微球吸附Cr(Ⅵ)离子的最佳条件为:吸附平衡时间40 min,最佳吸附pH值6左右,磁性壳聚糖微球用量10 mg,温度升高有利于提高磁性壳聚糖微球的吸附效率,Cr(Ⅵ)离子起始质量浓度为12μg/mL,无机盐的存在引起磁性壳聚糖微球的吸附性能降低。并且考察了吸附剂的再生性能,实验结果表明磁性壳聚糖微球具有良好的重复使用性。     

磁性壳聚糖硅胶复合微球的制备及其吸附Cu~(2+)的性能研究

以壳聚糖与正硅酸四乙酯为原料,采用溶胶-凝胶法,用戊二醛辅助交联合成了磁性壳聚糖硅胶复合微球。通过红外光谱、扫描电镜、X-射线衍射等方法对磁性壳聚糖硅胶复合微球的形态和组成特性进行分析,制备的磁性复合微球中壳聚糖与硅胶材料复合均匀,材料粒径均一,机械强度较高。考察了制备的磁性壳聚糖硅胶复合微球对Cu~(2+)的吸附性能,结果表明微球对Cu~(2+)具有较好的吸附性能,吸附容量达到98.7mg/g。     

锐钛矿光催化降解苯酚:氟离子吸附的影响大于磷酸根

已知氟离子和磷酸根能加快锐钛矿和P25 TiO₂光催化降解苯酚等有机物，但作用机理仍存在争议.合成了不含无机阴离子的锐钛矿，并在其表面沉积0.52 wt% Pt（Pt/TiO₂）.在初始pH 5.2的水溶液中，99%的氟离子和磷酸根分别为F^-和H₂PO₄^-.加入0.1～30 mmol/L阴离子，苯酚的光催化降解速率常数（k_obs）都增大，证实了氟离子和磷酸根均具有正效应.有趣的是，k_obs增加倍数均与阴离子吸附量呈线性关系，其中氟离子的斜率大于磷酸根，而Pt/TiO₂的斜率大于TiO₂.这表明阴离子的正效应源于吸附于固体表面的阴离子，并且氟离子的活性大于磷酸根.（光）电化学测试表明，氟离子和磷酸根分别抑制和促进O₂还原，但它们都促进苯酚氧化.此外，氟离子和磷酸根分别使TiO₂平带电位移动-159 mV和89 mV.前者有利于TiO₂价带与苯酚发生轨道重叠，后者有利于TiO₂导带分别与O₂发生轨道重叠，进而加快界面电荷转移.由于阴离子广泛存在，该结果将有助于半导体光催化的机理研究及其环境应用.     

壳聚糖-叶酸复合凝胶的制备及Pb2+吸附性能研究

叶酸(FA)通过离子交联壳聚糖构筑了壳聚糖-叶酸水凝胶(CS-FA-HG),利用红外光谱、紫外-可见光谱、电子扫描显微镜等对其结构进行表征,并考察了CS-FA-HG对Pb²⁺的吸附性能。实验结果表明,FA、壳聚糖醋酸盐(CS-Ac)浓度均为35 mg/mL,Na₂CO₃溶液的质量分数为5.0%时,FA钠盐通过静电作用离子交联CS-Ac,形成CS-FA-HG,微观呈枝状纤维结构;在pH 5.0,吸附温度30℃的条件下,80 mg干CS-FA-HG在50 mL初始浓度15 mg/L的Pb²⁺溶液中,对Pb²⁺的吸附量为8.14 mg/g;吸附符合二级动力学方程和Langmuir吸附等温式。CS-FA-HG制备方法简单,绿色环保,无二次污染,在重金属离子吸附方面有潜在应用。     

壳聚糖共混微球的制备及吸附性能测试

壳聚糖（CS）分子中含有游离态的氨基和羟基,是一种高效的离子吸附剂,而且氨基可质子化形成阳离子,使得壳聚糖对阴离子及两性化合物都具有较强的吸附能力.壳聚糖引入羧甲基后水溶性和反应活性大大增强.实验中以乳化-化学交联法制备壳聚糖/羧甲基壳聚糖（CMC）四种共混微球,通过对比,发现当CS与CMC的质量比为4∶1、2∶3时,成球硬度好,形状明显,大小均匀.随着CMC含量的增加,所成微球对牛血清白蛋白（BSA）的吸附能力逐渐增强.因此,当CS与CMC质量比为2∶3时共混微球自身的物理形态与吸附性能均达到良好状态,是共混高效离子吸附剂的最佳比例选择.     

Effect of pH on Competitive Adsorption of Cu(II), Ni(II), and Zn(II) from Water onto Chitosan Beads

The amounts of adsorption of Cu²⁺, Ni²⁺, and Zn²⁺ from single, binary, and tertiary nitrate solutions onto glutaraldehyde cross-linked chitosan beads were measured. The beads had an average particle size and pore volume of 2 mm and 0.06 cm³/g, respectively, and had a BET surface area of 60 m²/g. All experiments were performed at 298 K as a function of initial pH (2.0–5.0), total metal concentration (0.77–17.0 mol/m³), and molar concentration ratio (0.25–4) in the aqueous phase. It was shown that the amount of metal adsorption generally increased with increasing solution pH. Competitive adsorption was significant in binary and tertiary systems when Cu²⁺ was present. The selectivity factor reached maximum in an equilibrium pH range of 5.1–5.3 and 4.5–4.9 for the Cu-Ni and Cu-Zn binary systems, respectively. This adsorbent provided a possibility for selective separation of Cu²⁺ from such multi-component solutions.     

Structural Features of Phosphate and Sulfate Modified Zirconia Prepared by Sol–Gel Route

This paper describes the effect of sulfate, phosphate and nitrate complexing ligands on the structural features of amorphous xerogels and on the crystallization of metastable zirconia phases during the xerogel-ceramic conversion. Powdered samples were prepared by a sol–gel route using zirconyl chloride precursors chemically modified by complexing ligands. The structural evolution of ZrO₂ phases as function of firing temperature was analyzed by XRPD, EXAFS and ³¹P NMR/MAS. The experimental results show the formation of metastable t-ZrO₂ during the low firing temperature of xerogels modified by sulfate or phosphate groups. The martensitic tetragonal-monoclinic transformation occurs during desorption of sulfate groups. The largest temperature interval of stability of metastable tetragonal zirconia was observed for phosphate-modified xerogels.     

Highly Efficient and Selective Removal of Pb(II) ions by Sulfur-Containing Calcium Phosphate Nanoparticles

A facile one-step co-precipitation method was demonstrated to fabricate amorphous sulfurcontaining calcium phosphate (SCP) nanoparticles, in which the sulfur group was in-situ introduced into calcium phosphate. The resulting SCP exhibited a noticeable enhanced performance for Pb(II) removal in comparison with hydroxyapatite (HAP), being capable of easily reducing 20 ppm of Pb(II) to below the acceptable standard for drinking water within less than 10 min. Remarkably, the saturated removal capacities of Pb(II) on SCP were as high as 1720.57 mg/g calculated by the Langmuir isotherm model, exceeding largely that of the previously reported absorbents. Significantly, SCP displayed highly selective removal ability toward Pb(II) ions in the presence of the competing metal ions (Ni(II), Co(II), Zn(II), and Cd(II)). Further investigations indicated that such ultra-high removal efficiency and preferable affinity of Pb(II) ions on SCP may be reasonably ascribed to the formation of rodlike hydroxypyromorphite crystals on the surface of SCP via dissolution-precipitation and ion exchange reactions, accompanied by the presence of lead sulfide precipitates. High removal efficiency, fast removal kinetics and excellent selectivity toward Pb(II) made the obtained SCP material an ideal candidate for Pb(II) ions decontamination in practical application.     

Catalytic Hydrolysis of Bis(p-Nitrophenyl) Phosphate by Lipophilic Diaquo(Tetraamine) Cobalt(III) in Micellar Solution

The catalytic hydrolysis of bis(p-nitrophenyl) phosphate by lipophilic diaquo-(tetraamine)Co(III) complex in Brij35 micellar solution was investigated at 25°C and at pH ranging from 4.1 to 9.0. The results indicated that the Co(III) complex in micellar solution exhibited a great rate enhancement effect on the hydrolysis of bis(p-nitrophenyl) phosphate compared with the Co(III) complex in aqueous solution. This may be explained by the decrease in pK for the dissociation of water molecule of the Co(III) complexes in micellar solution. A kinetic scheme is suggested for elucidating the mechanism.     

Nonlinear Analysis of the Kinetics and Equilibrium for Adsorptive Removal of Cd(II) by Starch Phosphate

In the present study, the nonlinear analysis method was used to evaluate the kinetics and equilibrium for Cd(II) adsorption on crosslinked starch phosphate (SP) from aqueous solution. The pseudo-first-order, pseudo-second-order and Elovich kinetic models were applied to test the kinetics experimental data, and the pseudo-first-order kinetic model provides a best correlation of the experimental data. Adsorption equilibrium data were fit by Langmuir, Freundlich, Dubinin-Radushkevich, and Sips isotherms. The results show that the data are best described by the Sips isotherms with a maximum adsorption capacity of 2.00 mmol/g. The effects of initial pH, and SP dose on the Cd(II) adsorption were also investigated. The adsorption capacities of Cd(II) on SP increase with the pH increasing from 2.0 to 8.0.     

Di‐ and Triphosphate Recognition and Sensing with Mono‐ and Dinuclear Fluorescent Zinc(II) Complexes: Clues for the Design of Selective Chemosensors for Anions in Aqueous Media

The synthesis of a new ligand (L1) containing two 1,4,7‐triazacyclononane ([9]aneN₃) moieties linked by a 4,5‐dimethylenacridine unit is reported. The binding and fluorescence sensing properties toward Cu²⁺, Zn²⁺, Cd²⁺, and Pb²⁺ of L1 and receptor L2, composed of two [9]aneN₃ macrocycles bridged by a 6,6′′‐dimethylen‐2,2′:6′,2′′‐terpyridine unit, have been studied by coupling potentiometric, UV/Vis absorption, and emission measurements in aqueous media. Both receptors can selectively detect Zn²⁺ thanks to fluorescence emission enhancement upon metal binding. The analysis of the binding and sensing properties of the Zn²⁺ complexes toward inorganic anions revealed that the dinuclear Zn²⁺ complex of L1 selectively binds and senses the triphosphate anion (TP), whereas the mononuclear Zn²⁺ complex of L2 displays selective recognition of diphosphate (DP). Binding of TP or DP induces emission quenching of the Zn²⁺ complexes with L1 and L2, respectively. These results are exploited to discuss the role played by pH, number of coordinated metal cations, and binding ability of the bridging units in metal and/or anion coordination and sensing.     

Phosphate Diester Hydrolysis by Dinuclear Tb(III) Complexes with BDBPH in Second-order Dependence

In the past decade, many lanthanide metal complexes with polyazamacrocycle, Schiff base, and glycol ligands have been shown to enhance the rate of DNA-phosphate hydrolysis by seven orders of magnitude1-3. This efficiency results from the conjunction of hi…     

Cu~(2 )壳聚糖螯合物及壳聚糖吸附Cu~(2 )机理的XPS研究

壳聚糖能选择性地吸附Ｍｇ2 、Ｎｉ2 、Ａｌ3 、Ａｇ 、Ｐｂ2 等金属离子[1],在环境保护、水处理、贵金属精制和回收等领域有广泛的应用前景[2 ].目前对壳聚糖吸附金属离子尤其是对Ｃｕ2 吸附的研究十分活跃 ,对壳聚糖吸附了Ｃｕ2 后形成的螯合物的研究也有报道[3,4 ].Ｉｎａｋｉ等[5]认为壳聚糖吸附Ｃｕ2 的机理是通过其表面—ＮＨ2 及其邻近的—ＯＨ与Ｃｕ2 进行络合反应从而吸附了Ｃｕ2 .本文用Ｘ射线光电子能谱 (ＸＰＳ)研究了壳聚糖及吸附Ｃｕ2 后形成的Ｃｕ2 壳聚糖螯合物表面的元素组成及其结合能的变化 ,根据结合能的变…     

聚烯丙基胺硅胶复合材料的合成及其吸附性能

氯丙基三氯硅烷-硅胶;聚烯丙基胺硅胶复合材料的合成及其吸附性能