四进制自由空间激光通信信号的支持向量机检测算法

基于支持向量机(SVM)的机器学习方法提出了空间激光通信四进制脉冲振幅调制(PAM-4)信号的检测算法。利用功率谱密度反演方法仿真大气相位屏,结合Taylor冰冻流假设,得到了激光载波经过大气湍流信道的光场信号,叠加接收端高斯白噪声后,采用SVM检测算法针对所得的PAM-4信号进行判决。SVM检测算法与大气信道无关。SVM检测算法对接收信号数据进行分组,对各组数据进行交叉验证并完成学习,并对参数进行调整。通过多次二分类确定各电平之间的最优超平面。最后,SVM作出信号判决。SVM检测算法得到的误码率低于双步盲检测法,在大气湍流较弱的情况下与最优边界检测法的结果相当,说明SVM检测算法具有良好的性能。     

基于多属性融合的高分辨率遥感图像云检测方法

针对全色CCD光学遥感卫星成像平台,提出了一种基于多属性融合的高分辨率图像云检测方法。首先根据云的物理特性和成像特性展开多属性分析,并提出了基于可分离度的特征选择准则来进行特征参量提取;然后针对两类样本的分布结构差异,结合LDA线性特征压缩算法,削减特征空间的维度;最后利用SVM分类器完成云检测。实验结果表明,该方法适用于高分辨率全色遥感图像的云检测,具有较高的检测概率和较低的虚警概率以及较高的算法执行效率。     

稀疏驱动自适应线谱增强的水下目标谱熵检测

针对无人平台在水下复杂环境中的线谱弱目标自主检测问题,提出了一种采用稀疏驱动自适应线谱增强(ALE)为前处理的监督学习目标检测方法。该方法在ALE代价函数中引入稀疏性l_p范数,并将稀疏正则化推广到01/2稀疏驱动ALE比常规ALE的处理增益高11.5 dB。利用水下无人平台海上拉距试验的数据对算法性能进行验证,在宽带强干扰影响下,该方法可有效检测远距离声源,虚警率为3.5%时,检测率达95.8%,有效提高了对线谱弱目标的检测概率,具有较强的环境适应性。      

特征级联在车辆检测中的应用与研究

对现有的采用机器学习算法检测车辆进行研究,分析其存在的不足;表现在特征或者算法单一,对光照等条件变化鲁棒性不够;针对这些问题,提出一种融合LBP特征与HOG特征,并结合Adaboost与SVM的车辆检测算法;借鉴级联的思想,首先采用AdaBoost对训练样本提取LBP特征进行训练,得到的分类器用于初步筛选并将其分类结果作为下一层分类器的输入;然后采用SVM算法对训练样本提取HOG特征进行训练,得到的分类器用于二次筛选上一层分类器的分类结果;实验结果证明Adaboost-SVM相结合的办法检测结果精度高,准确率和召回率均达到95%以上,FPPW与FPPI的值均在5%左右;同时由于算法采用的特征对光照条件具有较强的鲁棒性,因此光照条件的变化对算法的识别结果影响较低;实时性方面,每帧图像的处理时间为75 ms,满足实时性要求。     

一种基于形状的红外图像泄漏气体检测方法

针对工业生产中泄漏气体导致的爆炸和火灾问题, 提出一种基于形状和SVM分类的红外图像泄漏气体检测方法。采用泄漏气体和干扰物红外图像样本的形状特征训练SVM分类器, 通过对红外图像序列采用基于背景差分的运动检测得到候选目标区域, 再对候选目标区域提取其形状特征, 最后使用SVM分类器进行判别, 从而得到最终的检测结果。使用乙烯气体泄漏仿真数据进行实验, 检测率最高可达98%, 结果表明, 采用该方法可以有效检测泄漏气体, 相比其他方法, 极大地减少了干扰物造成的误检。     

可见光谱图与深度神经网络的垩白大米检测方法

针对传统垩白大米检测主观随意性大、可重复性低、检测过程耗时费力、准确率低等问题,提出一种基于可见光谱图结合深度学习算法的垩白大米检测手段。用CCD彩色摄像机获取垩白大米和正常大米可见光谱图,对图像进行旋转、翻转以及调整对比度等随机图像变换方式提升网络训练数据集,防止深度检测模型在学习过程中出现过拟合现象。构建了7层深层次卷积神经网络模型,包括卷积层、池化层、全连接层和输入输出层,通过网络模型对采样的大米可见光谱图集进行卷积与池化操作,采用迭代学习训练方法获取大米可见光谱图在卷积层输出的特征参数,采用连接非线性ReLU激活函数来降低训练时间,以加速大米可见光谱图有效抽象特征提取的收敛速度;然后将深度神经网络嵌入池化层,对大米特征降维以获取能够表达正常大米和垩白大米可鉴别显著意义特征;最后在全连接层输出进行分类,从而实现对垩白大米的精确识别。基于可见光谱图的大米垩白深度检测方法比传统基于可见光谱图的垩白大米鉴别特征提取方法免去了复杂的特征提取步骤,由于卷积网络提取的特征对特定目标具有更鲁棒的表达,算法精度较高且复杂度比较小,泛化效果更好,获得识别精度达到90%,比基于传统特征提取的垩白大米鉴别方法识别精度高, SIFT+SVM, PHOG+SVM和GIST+SVM模型识别精度分别为70.83%, 77.08%和79.16%。提出的方法为当前我国现代农业生产中实现大米品质自动化快速精准检测提供了理论依据和有效的技术手段,对于现阶段实现大米品质人工智能检测产生实际意义。     

基于自适应分块编码SVM的车道导向箭头多分类方法

针对在道路导向箭头的检测和识别中支持向量机(SVM)多分类器的识别效率下降的问题,提出一种利用简单二分类SVM通过对结果的自定义二进制编码实现导向箭头多分类的方法。对导向箭头感兴趣区域(ROI)图像进行Harris角点粗检测,利用改进FAST-9(Features from accelerated segment test-9)算法对伪角点进行筛选,根据最终获取的角点集合中纵坐标最大的两个角点位置分割图像获得待识别区域;再利用几何不变矩特征训练SVM分类器;对分类结果进行二进制编码,从而实现单一种类SVM下多种导向箭头的分类。算法在实拍获取的500帧图像中进行测试,识别率优于96.8%。结果表明:所提算法不需逆透视变换,利用一种SVM二分类器即可实现导向箭头的识别,有效提高了导向箭头识别的准确率和运行效率。     

基于时频分帧能量熵的陶瓷制品敲击声波信号特征识别

针对现有陶瓷制品敲击声波信号特征提取方法中提取的特征代表性降低的问题,该文提出结合最大重叠离散小波包变换(MODWPT)和时频分帧能量熵的特征提取方法。首先采用MODWPT将信号分解为4层,再对每个节点的子信号分帧后计算各个节点的时频分帧能量熵,然后根据能量分布特征选择了前6个节点的时频分帧能量熵特征,最后构建随机森林分类器完成识别。将该方法和MODWPT时频分段能量熵、MODWPT归一化能量特征两种方法进行比较。实验结果表明,相比MODWPT时频分段能量熵、MODWPT归一化能量两种特征提取方法,MODWPT时频分帧能量熵能提升特征的代表性,具有更优的陶瓷制品敲击声波信号特征识别性能,其识别的F₁值达到了98.46%,相比上述两种方法分别提升F₁值3.22%、1.86%。     

基于谱图分解的宽带通信信号智能检测算法

对于宽带通信信号检测问题,针对目前基于深度学习的信号检测算法不适应于处理大带宽和大时宽的宽带信号以及对信号时频参数估计存在的固有偏差问题,提出基于谱图分解的宽带通信信号智能检测算法,完成对大带宽接收信号中窄带信号的高效准确检测。首先将由宽带信号转化而来的灰度时频谱图通过谱图分解得到适合于目标检测网络输入大小的子谱图,然后使用改进的无锚框YOLOx目标检测算法对子谱图中的窄带信号进行检测,最后将子谱图的信号检测结果融合得到窄带信号的时频参数等检测结果。经过实验测试得出,该算法能够适应复杂的噪声环境,与其他深度学习算法和传统算法相比,具有较高的信号检测概率,较低的虚警概率,较小的信号参数估计平均误差,其检测精度更高,鲁棒性、实用性、通用性更强。     

基于空化辐射噪声的检测方法实验研究

空化空蚀严重影响水利设备的正常工作和使用寿命,为此本文研究了基于水听器信号的水泵空化检测方法,从空化噪声辐射基本特性出发,分析并选取强度、脉冲以及频谱结构等特征参数组成最优分类特征向量,使其既有较强的稳定性,也有较好的灵敏度。以此特征向量训练获得的支持向量机(SVM)分类器进行水泵空化状态识别准确率平均能有99.6%。检测其他结构水泵的空化,识别准确率也在96.5%以上。在较高环境噪声单一能量特征无法识别的情况下,依然有较好的识别准确率。表明该方法对不同结构的水泵及较高环境噪声具有一定的鲁棒性,有较好的应用价值。     

喘鸣音的声谱图熵特征分析及检测（英文）

In order to eliminate the subjectivity of wheeze diagnosis and improve the accuracy of objective detecting methods,this paper introduces a wheeze detecting method based on spectrogram entropy analysis.This algorithm mainly comprises three steps which are preprocessing,features extracting and wheeze detecting based on support vector machine(SVM).Herein,the preprocessing consists of the short-time Fourier transform(STFT) decomposition and detrending.The features are extracted from the entropy of spectrograms.The step of detrending makes the difference of the features between wheeze and normal lung sounds more obvious.Moreover,compared with the method whose decision is based on the empirical threshold,there is no uncertain detecting result any more.Results of two testing experiments show that the detecting accuracy(AC) are 97.1%and 95.7%,respectively,which proves that the proposed method could be an efficient way to detect wheeze.     

A Novel Blind Signal Detector Based on the Entropy of the Power Spectrum Subband Energy Ratio

In this paper, we present a novel blind signal detector based on the entropy of the power spectrum subband energy ratio (PSER), the detection performance of which is significantly better than that of the classical energy detector. This detector is a full power spectrum detection method, and does not require the noise variance or prior information about the signal to be detected. According to the analysis of the statistical characteristics of the power spectrum subband energy ratio, this paper proposes concepts such as interval probability, interval entropy, sample entropy, joint interval entropy, PSER entropy, and sample entropy variance. Based on the multinomial distribution, in this paper the formulas for calculating the PSER entropy and the variance of sample entropy in the case of pure noise are derived. Based on the mixture multinomial distribution, the formulas for calculating the PSER entropy and the variance of sample entropy in the case of the signals mixed with noise are also derived. Under the constant false alarm strategy, the detector based on the entropy of the power spectrum subband energy ratio is derived. The experimental results for the primary signal detection are consistent with the theoretical calculation results, which proves that the detection method is correct.     

Detection of Coronary Artery Disease Using Multi-Domain Feature Fusion of Multi-Channel Heart Sound Signals

Heart sound signals reflect valuable information about heart condition. Previous studies have suggested that the information contained in single-channel heart sound signals can be used to detect coronary artery disease (CAD). But accuracy based on single-channel heart sound signal is not satisfactory. This paper proposed a method based on multi-domain feature fusion of multi-channel heart sound signals, in which entropy features and cross entropy features are also included. A total of 36 subjects enrolled in the data collection, including 21 CAD patients and 15 non-CAD subjects. For each subject, five-channel heart sound signals were recorded synchronously for 5 min. After data segmentation and quality evaluation, 553 samples were left in the CAD group and 438 samples in the non-CAD group. The time-domain, frequency-domain, entropy, and cross entropy features were extracted. After feature selection, the optimal feature set was fed into the support vector machine for classification. The results showed that from single-channel to multi-channel, the classification accuracy has increased from 78.75% to 86.70%. After adding entropy features and cross entropy features, the classification accuracy continued to increase to 90.92%. The study indicated that the method based on multi-domain feature fusion of multi-channel heart sound signals could provide more information for CAD detection, and entropy features and cross entropy features played an important role in it.     

基于变分模态分解与多尺度排列熵的生物组织变性识别

根据高强度聚焦超声(HIFU)治疗中超声散射回波信号的特点,本文利用变分模态分解(VMD)与多尺度排列熵(MPE)对生物组织变性识别进行了研究.首先对生物组织中的超声散射回波信号进行变分模态分解,根据各阶模态的功率谱信息熵值分离出噪声分量和有用分量;对分离出的有用信号进行重构并提取其多尺度排列熵;然后通过Gustafson-Kessel (GK)模糊聚类确定聚类中心,采用欧氏贴近度与择近原则对生物组织进行变性识别.将所提方法应用于HIFU治疗中超声散射回波信号实验数据,用遗传算法对多尺度排列熵的参数优化后,对293例未变性组织和变性组织的超声散射回波信号数据进行了多尺度排列熵分析,发现变性组织的超声散射回波信号的多尺度排列熵值要高于未变性组织;多尺度排列熵可以较好地识别生物组织是否变性.相对于EMD-MPE-GK模糊聚类以及VMD-小波熵(WE)-GK模糊聚类变性识别方法,本文所提方法中变性与未变性组织特征交叠区域数据点更少,聚类效果和分类性能更好;本实验环境下生物组织变性识别结果表明,该方法的识别率更高,高达93.81%.     

Single-Channel FMCW-Radar-Based Multi-Passenger Occupancy Detection Inside Vehicle

In this paper, we provide the results of multi-passenger occupancy detection inside a vehicle obtained using a single-channel frequency-modulated continuous-wave radar. The physiological characteristics of the radar signal are analyzed in a time-frequency spectrum, and features are proposed based on these characteristics for multi-passenger occupancy detection. After clutter removal is applied, the spectral power and Wiener entropy are proposed as features to quantify physiological movements arising from breathing and heartbeat. Using the average means of both the power and Wiener entropy at seats 1 and 2, the feature distributions are expressed, and classification is performed. The multi-passenger occupancy detection performance is evaluated using linear discriminant analysis and maximum likelihood estimation. The results indicate that the proposed power and Wiener entropy are effective features for multi-passenger occupancy detection.     

基于改进功率谱熵的抑郁症脑电信号活跃性研究

采用非线性动力学方法研究脑精神疾病是近年来国内外学者研究的热点和趋势.针对脑精神疾病的研究和诊断中缺少客观有效的量化参数和量化指标的状况,提出了一种根据对时间序列功率谱划分而定义的谱熵,然后用其计算和分析脑电信号谱熵的方法.通过数据仿真试验证明该谱熵和信号活跃性之间存在正相关关系.基于这种相关性,应用该方法对抑郁症患者和正常对照组的脑电信号功率谱熵进行了数值计算,然后进行了分析对比和统计检验.实验结果表明:抑郁症患者脑电信号的功率谱熵在部分脑区显著弱于正常健康人.证明该谱熵能够表征大脑电生理活动状况,提供反映其活动性强弱的信息,可以作为度量大脑电生理活动性的一个参数.这对于能否将该功率谱熵作为诊断脑精神疾病的物理参数具有积极意义.     

Novel Features for Binary Time Series Based on Branch Length Similarity Entropy

Branch length similarity (BLS) entropy is defined in a network consisting of a single node and branches. In this study, we mapped the binary time-series signal to the circumference of the time circle so that the BLS entropy can be calculated for the binary time-series. We obtained the BLS entropy values for “1” signals on the time circle. The set of values are the BLS entropy profile. We selected the local maximum (minimum) point, slope, and inflection point of the entropy profile as the characteristic features of the binary time-series and investigated and explored their significance. The local maximum (minimum) point indicates the time at which the rate of change in the signal density becomes zero. The slope and inflection points correspond to the degree of change in the signal density and the time at which the signal density changes occur, respectively. Moreover, we show that the characteristic features can be widely used in binary time-series analysis by characterizing the movement trajectory of Caenorhabditis elegans. We also mention the problems that need to be explored mathematically in relation to the features and propose candidates for additional features based on the BLS entropy profile.     

基于多尺度熵的电力能量流复杂性分析

电力能量流复杂性主要体现于其动态行为的实时性、非线性及不确定性等,网络动力学行为分析是关键.本文在电力系统动力学平衡方程基础上,构建了系统势能与支路势能函数模型;通过提取扰动(或故障)后系统的能量信息,利用多尺度熵对扰动(或故障)后系统能量流演化过程进行了研究.结果表明:1)稳定运行状态下系统复杂度较低,且随着故障持续时间的增加,系统故障后呈现出更高的复杂度;2)不稳定运行状态下,系统在小尺度时间上表现出更强的不确定性,而在大尺度时间上表现出相对更明显的规则性;3)临界稳定运行状态与临界不稳定运行状态下,故障后的系统复杂度在不同时间尺度上呈现出较明显的差异,这对动态过程中临界点的识别有着积极的参考价值.本文研究揭示了电力能量流在物理动态过程中的演化机制,为电力系统动力学行为分析提供了新思路与新方法.     

Output power analyses of an endoreversible Carnot heat engine with irreversible heat transfer processes based on generalized heat transfer law

In this paper, an endoreversible Carnot heat engine with irreversible heat transfer processes is analyzed based on generalized heat transfer law. The applicability of the entropy generation minimization, exergy analyses method, and entransy theory to the analyses is discussed. Three numerical cases are presented. It is shown that the results obtained from the entransy theory are different from those from the entropy generation minimization, which is equivalent to the exergy analyses method. For the first case in which the application preconditions of the entropy generation minimization and entransy loss maximization are satisfied, both smaller entropy generation rate and larger entransy loss rate lead to larger output power. For the second and third cases in which the preconditions are not satisfied, the entropy generation minimization does not lead to the maximum output power, while larger entransy loss rate still leads to larger output power in the third case. For the discussed cases, the concept of entransy dissipation is not applicable for the analyses of output power.The problems in the negative comments on the entransy theory are pointed out and discussed. The related researchers are advised to focus on some new specific application cases to show if the entransy theory is the same as some other theories.     

Acoustic classification of Australian anurans based on hybrid spectral-entropy approach

A new hybrid method for automated frog sound identification, using spectral centroid, Shannon entropy and Rényi entropy is proposed. The advantage of using entropy based information theoretic approach for analyzing complexity of bioacoustics signals in animal vocalization is discussed. Sound samples from nine species of Microhylidae frogs are first segmented into syllables. Fourier spectral centroid, Shannon entropy and Rényi entropy of the syllables are then determined. Finally, nonparametric k-th nearest neighbour (k-NN) classifier is used to recognize the frog species based on these three extracted features. Result shows that the k-NN classifier based on these selected features is capable to identify the species of the frogs with an average accuracy of 98%. It is found that the accuracy reduces significantly only when the noise levels higher than −20 dB.