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针对传统线结构光光刀平面标定方法测量精度不高,应用范围小的问题,提出基于平面标靶的线结构光系统光刀平面标定,对无激光的标靶图片进行迭代摄像机标定,有激光的标靶图片进行光刀平面标定.提出光强符合均匀分布的平顶激光检测中心算法,将平顶激光建模为矩形的台阶函数,估计背景亮度和前景亮度,确定亮条纹宽度,再将窗口内的有效像素参与重心计算,得到光条纹中心.用该算法对不同噪声及不同量块的图片进行处理,结果表明,处理后图像的均方根误差分别在0.149pixel和0.176pixel内,表明该算法抗噪声能力强、精度高.用该算法提取光条中心,计算光条在标靶上的位置,根据至少两个姿态下的光条中心三维点,基于最小二乘法拟合光刀平面.通过迭代摄像机标定和光刀平面标定,利用三角测量法,在立体视觉模型下获取物体的三维点云数据.实验测量两个距离为100.5mm的标准球,相机与标准球距离为500mm,比较两球心距离与标准距离,测得平均误差为0.236mm.表明平顶激光检测中心算法切实可行,光刀平面标定方法基本满足要求. 相似文献
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三维形貌测量的扫描相移法研究 总被引:7,自引:6,他引:1
物体三维形貌测量中常用的光切法的主要优点是易于实现扫描测量大型物体表面,缺点是光刀中心位置难以精确确定;相移法的主要优点是可以用较宽的光栅提高测量的灵敏度与准确度,具有测量速度快和较好的抗静态噪声的能力,缺点是当待测范围较大时,采集图像的像差较大,不利于大型物面的测量.将这两种方法有机地结合起来,取长补短,提出了一种扫描相移法.实验结果表明,这个方法不但适用于长形大物面的形貌检测,而且又大大地减少了图像采集系统畸变误差的影响,从而提高了检测准确度. 相似文献
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建立综合螺旋桨影响的平流层飞艇气动外形优化设计平台.采用Hicks-Henne型函数法参数化艇身轮廓,发展IDW-TFI混合动网格技术实现变形网格高效生成;基于作用盘理论模拟螺旋桨,建立飞艇流场高效数值求解方法.以LOTTE飞艇作为初始外形,阻力系数最小为目标,飞艇体积作为约束条件,通过NLPQL算法寻优获得最佳艇身设计方案.优化后飞艇的尾部形状较平坦,艇身最大横截面位置前移,气动性能得到明显改善,其阻力系数相对于初始外形降低了26.88%. 相似文献
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In this paper, a fast and accurate rail wear measurement method based on simple equipments is presented. The inner rail profile is measured by a line structured light vision sensor. Using the centers of the big and small circle from the rail waist profile as control points, the measured rail profile is registered to the reference profile. The rail wear, including the vertical and horizontal rail wear, is computed by comparing the registered measured profile with the reference profile. The method has three key contributions: (1) the rail waist light stripe center points in the images are located fast and accurately by first tracking the region containing the rail waist light stripe using the Kalman filter and then computing the sub-pixel precision image coordinates by Hessian matrix at pixels. (2) The rail waist profile is segmented automatically into arcs of big and small circles by thresholding the normal angle curve of the measured rail waist profile. The centers of the two circles are used as control points for registering the measured rail profile to the reference profile. (3) The fast location of rail wear points in the images is realized by projecting the rail wear constraint points to the image, which simplifies the problem of computing rail wear from 2d image processing to 1d searching along the line segment connecting two rail wear constraint points. Experiments show that the proposed method can achieve 500 fps measurement frequency. At a train speed of 350 km/h, the interval between two consecutive measurements is about 190 mm. The system is tested on a real running train, and the measurement results are compared with those rail wear measured manually by special gage. The RMS errors of vertical and horizontal rail wears are 0.34 and 0.30 mm, respectively. 相似文献
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一种用于计算三维视觉测量中线结构光平面的新型算法 总被引:3,自引:2,他引:1
介绍了一种基于线结构光的机器视觉测量系统的光平面计算方法.该方法采用图像减影来获取光条图像,利用Steger算法提取图像中的亚像素光条中心点,再用正交直线拟合法计算图像坐标系下的光条直线方程.通过靶标特征点的世界坐标和交比不变性,计算线结构光在靶标平面上的世界坐标点,并将这些坐标点用正交平面拟合法计算得到光平面方程.为了提高整体准确度,本文对算法进行了细节优化,给出了标定系统的设计方案和实验过程.实验结果表明,该方法具有较好的鲁棒性和较高的准确度. 相似文献
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利用图像的非接触检测螺纹是一种高效的检测方法。检测中,精准的获取到螺纹图像的牙型边界是检测的关键,而现有的图像处理技术并不能消除由于螺纹旋线对螺纹图像的影响。针对螺纹图像中牙型边界被遮挡的问题,从圆锥螺纹的几何空间关系分析图像产生误差的原因,建立圆锥螺纹数学模型,得到误差的方程。最后再设计了图像检测系统,根据误差方程修正螺纹图像、提取参数,经验证,此方法可以提高螺纹的检测精度,且通用在圆锥螺纹与圆柱螺纹中。 相似文献
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一种新的激光车辙深度测量方法研究 总被引:2,自引:0,他引:2
车辙深度测量通常使用共梁式多路激光测距传感器测量路面多个离散点,由多个测量点组成的断面信息计算车辙深度,因横向采样点间距宽,导致测量误差较大。提出了一种新的激光车辙深度测量方法,采用线激光器和三维(3D)相机组合集成测量路面3D断面,通过3D断面解算车辙深度。3D相机以一定夹角采集激光器投射在路面的线结构光图像,获取路面的3D断面数据,对断面数据通过拉依达准则进行异常值剔除,再进行旋转、平移和模型识别,最终计算路面左右轮迹和最大车辙深度。实际证明,数据重复性和相关性都达到98%以上,与传统方法相比较,该方法采样间距小、测量精度高、成本低、通用性强,具有广阔的使用推广价值。 相似文献
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采用线结构光法测量金属表面形貌时,由于受到金属表面光学特性和散斑噪声的影响,条纹中心的提取误差往往较大。为此,提出了一种非相干线结构光形貌测量方法,避免了散斑噪声的影响。通过分析该方法测量金属表面形貌时的条纹图像特点,提出一种适合非相干线结构光条纹的中心提取方法。该方法首先采用结合积分图像原理的自适应阈值分割算法,对原条纹图像进行分割。采用灰度重心法粗提取原条纹中心坐标,以该坐标为基准向条纹宽度方向延伸,从而确定阈值分割后条纹图的感兴趣区和背景区,并去除背景区的噪声。经中值滤波后,采用几何中心法提取条纹中心。实验结果表明:采用该方法提取粗糙度样块表面非相干光条纹中心的平均误差为1.5μm,提取齿轮渐开线样板表面非相干光条纹中心的平均误差为0.9μm,均比其线激光条纹中心的提取误差小。所提方法能实现金属表面非相干线结构光条纹中心的精确提取。 相似文献
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Lianhua Jin Nobuto Miyatsu Eiichi Kondoh Bernard Gelloz Naobumi Kanazawa Toru Yoshizawa 《Optical Review》2018,25(6):656-662
The diameter of cylindrical openings is conventionally measured with the mechanical and contact method. In this paper, we propose a contactless optical approach to measure dimensions of inner profile by a disk beam probe. The measurement is carried out illuminating the inner cylindrical opening with a light sheet generated by the disk beam probe, acquiring the light-section image of the object with an image sensor through a widefield lens, then numerically extracting the diameter. During measurement, the probe is aligned inside the openings with high freedom, which causes the optical section to manifest a variety of ellipses besides a circle accordingly. The measurement method copes with extracting the diameter of openings from various ellipse optical sections. The high freedom of probe alignment allows optical diameter measurement to be flexible and simple. The dimensions of cylindrical openings of manufactured parts were practically measured with the disk beam probe, and the results were confirmed with those measured with the vernier caliper. 相似文献
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A method for calculating the refractive index of GRIN optical fiber from its transverse interference pattern is presented.In this method the transverse interference fringe pattern through an optical fiber using a sheet of light is applied to get the refractive index profile of it. The optical fiber is not immersed in a matching liquid as used in different techniques [Barakat N, El-Hennawi HA, El-Zaiat SY, Hassan R. Pure Appl Opt 1996;5:27].In this method a sheet of He–Ne laser light is allowed to illuminate the fiber. The light sheet is divided into two parts, the first is refracted through the fiber while the second is used as a reference beam. Interference pattern will be obtained between these two rays displaying the refractive index variation along the fiber radius.The fringe shift of such interference pattern has been measured and used to calculate the deflection angle of light refracted by the fiber and the cladding. An equation is derived to calculate the refractive index profile difference ratio δn at different positions across the fiber cross section in terms of the corresponding deflection angle and is verified experimentally.The optical path difference between these two rays (refracted and reference beam divided by the fiber) has been derived and the fringe shift obtained has been used to calculate the refractive index profile of the fiber.Introducing a ground glass screen on the passage of the two light beams (refracted and reference beam divided by the fiber), two superimposed identical speckle patterns are formed leading to the formation of a third speckle pattern modulated by a grid structure displaying the optical thickness of the fiber. 相似文献
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为了准确测量加速器氘离子的束流截面分布,开展了光学成像系统的设计研究。根据截面分布测量的要求,设计了光学成像系统的指标参数。采用光学设计软件ZEMAX进行了光学成像系统的设计,并通过标准白光光源和线对率板对成像效果进行检验。设计和检验的结果表明,该光学成像系统的总体成像质量较好,畸变小于0.05%,在光学分辨率为30lp/mm的条件下,中心和边缘视场的调制传递函数(MTF)值均大于0.7。将完成设计加工的光学成像系统应用于氘离子束流截面分布测量实验,实验结果初步表明,基于荧光屏的光学方法测量束流截面分布是可行的。 相似文献