仲辛基苯氧基乙酸基本常数的测定

在 2 5℃ ,利用两相滴定法测定了仲辛基苯氧基乙酸 (CA 1 2 )在水中的溶解度S ,离解常数Ka,庚烷中的二聚常数K2 和水 庚烷两相间的分配常数Kd 。实验测得S =1 .40× 1 0 - 4mol L ,Ka=3 .0 2×1 0 - 4,K2 =3 .5 6× 1 0 2 ,Kd=4.0 6× 1 0 2 。     

二(氢过碘酸)合银(III)配离子氧化愈创甘油醚的反应动力学及机理

在碱性介质中,用传统的分光光度法研究了Ag(III)配离子,即[Ag(HIO6)2]5-,氧化药物分子愈创甘油醚的动力学及其机理.用质谱鉴定了氧化产物;反应对Ag(III)和愈创甘油醚均为一级;在温度25.0-40.0℃范围内,通过分析[OH-]和[IO4-]tot对反应速率的影响,二级速率常数有以下表达式:k′=(ka kb[OH-])K1/｛f([OH-])[IO4-]tot K1｝,在25.0℃及离子强度0.30mol·L-1时,对此反应有ka=(2.6±1.2)×10-2mol-1·L·s-1,kb=(2.8±0.1)mol-2·L2·s-1,及K1=(4.1±0.4)×10-4mol·L-1,求出了涉及ka,kb的活化参数,并据此推出反应机理为反应体系中的[Ag(HIO6)2]5-配离子在前期平衡后,反应活性中心与药物分子形成Ag(III)-过碘酸-愈创甘油醚分子三元配合物,配位甘油醚分子通过两个平行途径将两电子传递给中心原子Ag:一个途径无OH-离子参与,另一途径有OH-参与完成.     

氯仿溶剂中二氯化钯(Ⅱ)、二正辛基亚砜平衡体系的研究

本文通过紫外光谱法及萃取研究,讨论了二氯二正辛基亚砜合钯(Ⅱ)配合物[Pd(DOSO)_2Cl_2]在氯仿溶剂中的离解平衡: Pd(DOSO)_2Cl_2(?)Pd(DOSO)Cl_2 DOSO Pd(DOSO)Cl_2(?)PdCl_2 DOSO 并测定了25℃时的离解常数K_1=(2.0±0.3)×10~(-3),K_2=(1.3±0.1)×10~(-4)     

以苯硼酸为识别物质的电化学阻抗糖传感器的制备

以苯硼酸为识别物质,利用巯基自组装法将半胱胺与4-甲酰基苯硼酸反应形成的Schiff’s碱固定于金电极表面,构建了检测葡萄糖、乳糖、甘露聚糖的电化学阻抗传感器。根据传感器结合糖前后电子转移阻抗值的变化(ΔR et),分别进行了葡萄糖、乳糖、甘露聚糖的分析测定。以pH 9.0的5 mmol/L K3[Fe(CN)6]-5 mmol/L K4[Fe(CN)6]平衡电对溶液作为检测溶液,ΔR et与葡萄糖的浓度在5.05×10#9~5.05×10#5mol/L之间呈良好的线性关系,检出限为9.7×10#10mol/L(S/N=3);ΔR et与乳糖的浓度在2.78×10#9~2.78×10#5mol/L之间呈良好的线性关系,检出限为8.1×10#10mol/L(S/N=3);ΔR et与甘露聚糖的浓度在4.35×10#9~4.35×10#5mol/L之间呈良好的线性关系,检出限为3.4×10#10mol/L(S/N=3)。该方法简单、灵敏、成本低,可用于不同种类糖的分析检测。     

极谱催化波法测定中草药中的芦丁

基于芦丁在K2S2O8存在下产生的极谱催化波,拟定了测定中草药中芦丁的方法。在0.1 mol/L HAc-NaAc(pH 3.60±0.05),8×10-3mol/L K2S2O8支持电解质中,芦丁催化波峰电位为-1.37 V(vs.SCE),它的二阶导数峰电流与其浓度在1.6×10-6~1.6×10-5mol/L范围内呈线性关系(r=0.9960,n=6)。检出限为9.013×10-11mol/L,回收率为96.18%~102.66%。样品可不经分离,直接测定。采用该方法测得山楂和川明参中芦丁的质量分数分别为1.78%和1.60%。     

时间驱动荧光猝灭法测定痕量Cu(Ⅱ)

研究了Cu-酪氨酸荧光静态猝灭体系,络合物为Cu(Tyr)22 ,猝灭常数K为1.59×1010.以时间驱动模式代替浓度模式,在pH 8.8的硼砂介质中,测得Cu2 的线性范围为4.00×10-7～1.12×10-5 mol/L和8.00×10-6～1.12×10-4 mol/L,相关系数R=0.9996/0.9992,检出限(3σ)为6.6 × 10-8 mol/L,相对标准偏差(RSD)为0.78%(n=11,C(Cu2 )=2.4×10-6 mol/L).本方法可用于实际样品中痕量铜的测定.     

多色喷泉——紫甘蓝指示剂改进氨气喷泉实验

1实验原理 在氨气喷泉实验[1～5]中采用紫甘蓝指示剂,随酸碱中和pH连续变化,烧瓶内溶液也依次呈现彩色变化. CH3COOH+NaOH =CH3COONa+H2O CH3COOH+NH3·H2O=CH3COONH4+H2O 2 实验用品 0.10 mol/L CH3COOH溶液、紫甘蓝指示剂、浓氨水、氢氧化钠固体、蒸馏水;1000 mL烧杯、500mL烧杯、500mL圆底烧瓶、双孔塞、10 mL注射器. 3 实验步骤及现象 (1)配制上喷溶液 热水浸泡紫甘蓝几分钟,即可得到紫甘蓝指示剂;向600mL浓度约为0.10 mol/L CH3COOH溶液中逐滴滴加紫甘蓝指示剂至溶液呈红色.     

亚铁氰化钾电催化氧化L-半胱氨酸的电化学行为研究

研究了在0.10 mol/L Na2SO4溶液中K4Fe(CN)6在玻碳电极(GCE)上电催化氧化L-半胱氨酸(L-Cys)的电化学行为。在-0.2~0.6 V的电位窗口内,L-Cys在GCE上的直接电化学氧化过程迟缓,不易直接发生氧化反应。在K4Fe(CN)6作用下,在0.23 V处出现一个不可逆的氧化峰,且氧化峰电流明显增大。研究结果表明,K4Fe(CN)6对L-Cys的氧化具有良好的电催化作用。电催化氧化峰电流Ipa随扫描速度的增大而增大,且与扫描速率平方根(v1/2)呈线性关系,表明该电催化氧化反应是受扩散控制的电化学过程。催化氧化峰电流与L-Cys浓度在4×10-5~2×10-3mol/L范围内呈良好的线性关系(R=0.9966)。该催化反应过程中电子转移系数α=0.5568,运用计时电流法(CA)得到该电催化氧化的速率常数k为(7.19±0.05)×102(mol/L)-1.s-1。     

硫脲在10-甲基吩噻嗪修饰碳糊电极上的电催化氧化及电分析方法研究

研究了硫脲(Thiourea,Tu)在10-甲基吩噻嗪修饰碳糊电极(MPT/CPE)上的电催化氧化行为.结果表明,Tu在裸碳糊电极(CPE)上的直接电化学氧化过程十分迟缓,MPT/CPE对Tu的电化学氧化具有良好的催化作用.用计时电流法(CA)测定了Tu在MPT/CPE上的电极过程动力学参数,测得电荷传递系数α=0.61,电催化氧化反应的速率常数k=(1.96±0.10)×104(mol/L)-1·s-1.用方渡伏安法(SWV)测得催化氧化峰电流与Tu浓度在1.0×10-6～8.0×10-3mol/L范围内呈良好的线性关系,线性回归方程为,Ips(μA)=10.836c(10-3mol/L)+5.326,R=0.9984,检出限为2.2×10-7mol/L(S/N=3).方法可用于Tu的电化学法测定.     

壳聚糖碳纳米管修饰电极测定痕量铜

建立了用自制的碳纳米管壳聚糖修饰电极测定Cu^2＋离子的电分析方法,在0．10mol／L的CH,COOH—CH3 COONa（pH4．2）缓冲溶液中,以此修饰电极作为工作电极,以-0．60V为富集电位,搅拌富集6min后,用差分脉冲伏安法测定-0．10V处的峰电流。结果发明,该电极对铜离子吸附的灵敏度较高,当铜离子浓度为1．0×10^-6～4．6×10^-5mol／L时,线性关系良好,相关系数为0．9997,对含铜血清样本进行测定,取得了满意的结果,加标回收率在98％～102％之间。     

利用手持技术改进测定乙醇分子结构实验

利用压强传感器代替排水集气法,改进测定乙醇分子结构实验的仪器装置,并探索最佳反应条件。另外,设计两个空白实验,结合压强变化曲线对实验误差进行相关讨论。     

光谱仪测试范围的扩展

由于石化行业的生产需要，其材质的使用具有多样性和广泛性，经常会出现顾客委托的测试样品的一个或几个元素跨越光谱仪现有测试程序测量范围的情况。本法通过对光谱仪测试原理的认识，根据光谱仪的测试能力及标样的采集，实现了一个或几个元素测量范围的扩展，并对其测量的影响因素进行了研究。     

Influence of viscosity of medium on processes of oxygen quenching of excited states of mesoporphyrin

The oxygen quenching rate constants for singlet and triplet excited states of the dimethyl ester of mesoporphyrin IX increase with decreasing viscosity of the medium and reach a maximum at a viscosity of approximately 0.4 mPa·sec, after which the rate constants begin to decrease. The drop in rate constant with increasing fluidity of the medium may be related to a nonequilibrium character of the elementary act in the interaction of the reactants in the solvent cage. In viscous media such as isopropyl alcohol, isobutyl alcohol, and isoamyl alcohol, the reaction radius is greater than the sum of the radii of the reacting particles. The long-range character of these processes is due to the relatively weak dependence of the quenching probability on distance.Translated from Teoreticheskaya i Éksperimental'naya Khimiya, Vol. 25, No. 2, pp. 161–167, March–April, 1989.     

Dichroism of absorption and polarization of phosphorescence of molecules of the closed form of nitrobenzospirothiopyran

The spectral-polarization characteristics of absorption and phosphorescence of molecules of the initial form of nitro-substituted indolinospirobenzothiopyran were studied in oriented polyethylene films and in solutions with different polarity. An oscillator model of the electron transitions responsible for the formation of absorption and luminescence spectra was suggested. It was established that the principal differences in the spectral and photophysical properties of the compound studied and its oxygen-containing analog are associated with the fact that the electronegativity of the S atom is lower than that of the O atom. Translated fromIzvestiya Akademii Nauk. Seriya Khimicheskaya, No. 6, pp. 1143–1146, June, 1997.     

Determination of heats of detonation and influence of components of composite explosives on heats of detonation of high explosives

The heats of detonation of 20 simple high explosives and explosive mixtures were determined by means of an adiabatic detonation calorimeter designed by the authors. The results indicated that the performance of the instrument was reliable and the experimental data were very accurate. For explosive mixtures, there was a linear accumulative relationship between the heats of detonation of the explosive mixture and its components. Accordingly, the heats of detonation of explosive mixtures could be calculated directly from the heats of detonation of simple explosives and the characteristic heats of other components. The experiments showed that the gold or brass shell of the cylindrical charge could be substituted by a thick-walled porcelain shell, which had the advantage of cheapness.

     

物质分配系数的测定实验改进

实验教学目的是从解决实际问题出发,以实验技术训练和实验设计思想培养为目标。介绍了将单一的物质分配系数测定实验改进为综合实验,提高了实验效果及实验资源利用率。     

Neutral diterpenoids of oleoresins of five species of conifers of Transcarpathia

The compositions of the neutral diterpenoids of the oleoresins of five species of conifers growing in the Transcarpathia have been studied. It has been found that the oleoresins ofAbies alba M.,Larix decidua M., andPicea excelsa L. contain more than 50% of neutral diterpenoids. The group and qualitative compositions of the oxygen-containing diterpenoids have been determined. In the oleoresins ofAbies alba,Picea excelsa, andPicea abies tertiary alcohols — cis-abienol and isocembrol — predominate, while inLarix decidua the main component is the hydroxy ester larixyl acetate. Primary alcohols related to the resin acids have been found in all the oleoresins investigated. Features of the distribution of diterpenoids according to the species of conifers have been revealed. The results obtained are necessary for the chemotaxonomy of conifers of the family Pinceae.Novosibirsk Institute of Organic Chemistry, Siberian Branch, Academy of Sciences of the USSR. Translated from Khimiya Prirodynkh Soedinenii, No. 6, pp. 812–816, November–December, 1988.     

Calculation of enthalpies of hydrogenation of hydrocarbons

Sets of hydrogen molecule equivalents have been developed which permit the calculation of hydrogenation of different types of carbon-carbon bonds from ab initio total energies (3-21G and 6-31G* basis sets, and, to a more limited extent, for MP2/6-31G* data) of reactants and products. The calculated enthalpies of hydrogenation are in good agreement with experiment for unstrained molecules, with average errors on the order of 2 kcal/mol. The 6-31G* equivalents allow the enthalpies for strained molecules to be calculated accurately, but the 3-21G equivalents do not. The equivalents for both basis sets have been tested by calculating the enthalpies of hydrogenation of carbon-carbon bonds in nitrogen- and oxygen-containing organic molecules, free radicals, and classical carbocations. The results are in good agreement with experiment in most cases.     

非那雄胺合成工艺改进

非那雄胺能抑制5α-还原酶的活性,明显降低二氢睾酮水平,是一种治疗良性前列腺增生的有效药品。该合成工艺以甾烯酮酸为原料,将其与氯化亚砜反应,无须分离即与叔丁胺反应得17β-酰胺化合物,再氧化开环,环合,氢化,脱氢合成了非那雄胺。经元素分析、IR、1HNMR、13CNMR、MS分析表征了其结构。该法无须使用昂贵的2,2-二吡啶二硫化物和剧毒药品苯亚硒酸酐,且以乙酸铵代替氨气,降低了对设备的要求和腐蚀,更适用于工业生产。