冠醚功能化的栅控石墨烯场效应晶体管的制备及对汞离子的检测

Hg²⁺是一种具有生物蓄积性和毒性的重金属, 对环境和人类健康均可造成严重损害. 因此, 开发便捷的Hg²⁺传感器非常必要. 本文基于溶液栅控石墨烯场效应晶体管的优异性能, 通过氮硫杂冠醚的尺寸效应以及冠醚与Hg²⁺的螯合作用来特异性识别Hg²⁺, 制备了一种冠醚功能化栅极的溶液栅控石墨烯场效应晶体管(SGGT)传感器. 该SGGT传感器因其固有的信号放大功能而比传统电化学检测Hg²⁺更灵敏, 其检出限为1×10^-12 mol/L, 比传统电化学传感器降低了2~3个数量级, 在1×10^-12~1×10^-7 mol/L检测范围内, 狄拉克点的变化值与目标物浓度的对数值之间存在良好的线性关系, 同时具有极高的选择性. 对实际湖水样品的检测效果良好, 对Hg²⁺的检测标准偏差为1.10%~3.77%. 本文结果表明, 该晶体管传感器可以对Hg²⁺进行高选择和高灵敏检测.     

A highly selective chemosensor for copper ion based on ICT fluorescence

Simple structural compounds 1 to 3 were synthesized.The presence of Cu²⁺ resulted in the fluorescence and absorption spectra change of 1 and 2,which indicated that 1 and 2 showed a highly selective response to Cu²⁺ over other metal ions.However,3 showed no selectivity for metal ions,which means that the compound could bind with several metal ions,such as,Ni²⁺,Zn²⁺,Cd²⁺.Hg²⁺, Pb²⁺,Fe³⁺,Mg²⁺,Ca²⁺,and Co²⁺,except Cu²⁺ and Ag⁺.The different spectral responses were attributed to the difference in binding sites for 1 and 3.     

A Fluorescent and Colorimetric Probe Based on Isatin-appended Rhodamine for the Detection of Hg2+

A new fluorescent probe for the detection of Hg²⁺ was designed and synthesized via attaching N-methylisatin to rhodamine B hydrazide through an imine linkage. In an ethanol-Tris buffer medium, the addition of Hg²⁺ caused a strong orange fluorescence and a visual color change from colorless to pink. Other coexisting metal ions did not interfere with the detection of Hg²⁺. The research on the detection of Hg²⁺ in natural water suggested the possibility of practical applications in environment monitoring. Based on ESI-MS analysis, the Hg²⁺-sensing mechanism was proposed.     

Effects of pH and acetylation on Hg(2+)-induced purple to blue transition in bacteriorhodopsin

Effects of Hg²⁺ ions on the absorption spectrum of bacteriorhodopsin have been measured at different pH values and after acetylation. UV-difference spectroscopy and CD spectra show that Hg²⁺-induced color change is essentially similar to that caused by removal of cations or acidification. The ability of Hg²⁺-induced purple-to-blue transition is pH-dependent and exhibits a maximum at pH 5.5. Acetylation influences the absorption in the same way as Hg²⁺ ions and accelerates Hg²⁺-induced purple to blue transition. All these results strongly suggest that the Hg²⁺ effect is not a specific binding but just a replacement of intrinsic cations on the membrane surface, where they form a double layer. The composition of the double layer determines the surface pH on the membrane, which affects the color of the bacteriorhodopsin.     

A squaraine based fluorescent probe for mercury ion via coordination induced deaggregation signaling

Due to the high affinity between dithiocarbamate(DTC) and Hg2+,a fluorescent probe based on squaraine chromophore with DTC side arm for Hg2+via coordination induced deaggregation signaling has been designed and synthesized.Squaraine has a high tendency to aggregate in aqueous solution,and such self-aggregation usually results in a dramatic absorption spectral broadening with fluorescence emission quenching.The combination of the DTC side arm of the probe with Hg2+induces steric hindrance,leading to the deaggregation of the dye complex,companying with a fluorescence emission restoration.In EtOH–H2O(20:80,v/v) solution,this ‘‘turn on' fluorescent probe has high selectivity and sensitivity toward Hg2+over other metal ions,and the limit of detection for Hg2+was estimated as2.19 ? 10à8mol/L by 3s/k.     

Rhodamine 6G-based Chemosensor for the Visual Detection of Cu2＋ and Fluorescent Detection of Hg2＋ in Water

A novel water soluble chemosensor 1 based on rhodamine 6G spirolactam scaffold has been synthesized and characterized.Upon addition of a wide range of the environmentally and biologically relevant metal ions,chemosensor 1 shows a colorimetric selective Cu2＋ recognition from colorless to pink confirmed by UV-Vis absorption spectral changes,while it also exhibits a fluorometric selective Hg2＋ recognition by fluorescence spectrometry.An absorption enhancement factor over 17-fold with 1-Cu2＋ complex and a fluorescent enhancement factor over 45-fold with 1-Hg2＋ complex were observed.Their recognition mechanisms were assumed to be a 1：1 stoichiometry for 1-Cu2＋ complex and a 1：2 stoichiometry for 1-Hg2＋ complex,respectively,which were proposed to be different ligation leading to the ring-opening of rhodarnine 6G spirolactam.Furthermore,the detection limits for CU2＋ or Hg2＋ were 3.3 × 10-8 or 1.7x 10-7 mol/L,respectively.     

A new rhodamine-based fluorescent chemosensor for mercury in aqueous media

A new fluorescent ‘‘on–off' chemosensor for Hg2+initiated by a derivative of rhodamine B was designed and synthesized. Compound 1 exhibited high sensitivity and selectivity for Hg2+over other commonly coexistent metal ions in aqueous media. Upon the addition of Hg2+, the spirocyclic ring of probe is opened and a significant enhancement of visible color and fluorescence in the range of 500–600 nm is observed. The colorimetric and fluorescent response to Hg2+can be conveniently detected by the naked eye, which provides a facile method for visual detection of Hg2+. From the molecular structure and spectral results of 1, an irreversible, hydrolysis, desulfurization reaction mechanism is proposed.     

基于有机-无机介孔二氧化硅杂化材料对Cu^2和Co2+的选择性测定

合成了一种有机-无机介孔二氧化硅杂化材料(SBA-15-Tpy),通过透射电镜显微镜、X射线衍射、热重分析和N_2吸附-解吸曲线对其进行表征,并基于该材料建立了在水中对Cu²⁺和Co²⁺的选择性识别。研究表明,SBA-15-Tpy与Cu²⁺和Co²⁺结合后会分别在800 nm和510 nm处产生新的吸收峰,加入其它金属离子后不发生明显的吸收峰值变化。在最优条件下,检测Cu²⁺和Co²⁺的线性范围分别为2.0~200.0μmol/L和10.0~200.0μmol/L,检出限分别为0.48μmol/L和4.28μmol/L。将上述方法用于江水中Cu²⁺和Co²⁺的测定,回收率在96.0%~108.5%之间。     

几种过渡金属离子与苏丹Ⅰ(1-苯基偶氮基-2-萘酚)形成配合物的13C核磁共振研究

目前用核磁共振测定配合物结构的报道很多,J。Blackburn等人曾用NMR做为研究电子施主-受主配合物结构的探针^[1],也有人曾用弛豫速率研究胰朊酶的钙键位置^[2]。但随过渡金属离子的逐渐加入形成配合物的NMR研究报道尚不多,本文利用苏丹Ⅰ与一些过渡金属离子形成配合物后¹³C化学位移的变化,并以红外光谱、紫外-可见光谱为佐证研究了这些配合物的结构,并用多种方法对苏丹Ⅰ骨架的¹³CNMR谱进行了归属,初步探讨了,苏丹Ⅰ分子¹³C屏蔽机理及化学位移与分子电子结构间的关系。     

Ru(Ⅱ) Bipyridyl Complex and TiO2 Nanocomposite Based Biomolecule-free Photoelectrochemical Sensor for Highly Selective Determination of Ultra-trace Hg^2+ in Aqueous Systems

A biomolecule-free photoelectrochemical(PEC) probe(denoted as Ru-1) was designed, synthesized and coupled with TiO2 nanoparticles(NPs) for the highly sensitive and selective PEC detection of Hg^2+, a model analyte with hypertoxicity to both human health and ecosystem. The probe Ru-1 was designed with Ru(Ⅱ) bipyridyl complex as the chromophore, thiocyanate ligand as the recognition unit, and carboxylate group as the linkage site to connect Ru-1 to TiO2 nanoparticles. Under irradiation, Ru-1 shows strong affinity to TiO2 and good photophysical properties of strong visible light absorption, slow electron-hole(e-h^+) recombination, and fast photoelectron injection to TiO2 nanoparticles via the bridge of 4-(2,2-bipyridin)-4-yl-thiophene moiety. However, the specific coordination of Hg^2+ with Ru-1 via the thiol moiety in the thiocyanate enlarges the band gap of tlie complex and reduces the photocurrent significantly. The synergistic interaction between TiO2 nanoparticles and the Ru-1 complex led to a selective PEC sensing strategy for Hg^2+ detection. Detectable linear ranges from 10^-12 g/mL to 10^-7 g/mL and from 10^-7g/mL to 10^-3 g/mL were obtained without the interference from possibly co-existed metal ions. The good analytical performances indicate the chemical probe based biomolecule-free PEC platform may offer a new route for the detection of biologically and environmentally important small molecules.     

Anthracene derivatives bearing sulfur atoms or selenium atoms as fluorescent chemosensors for Cu and Hg: different selectivity induced from ligand immobilization onto anthracene

Two new selenium containing anthracene derivatives and two new sulfur containing anthracene derivatives were synthesized as fluorescent chemosensors for Hg²⁺ and Cu²⁺. Compound 1 displayed a highly selective chelation enhanced fluorescence quenching (CHEQ) effect only with Cu²⁺, on the other hand, compounds 3 and 4 displayed highly selective chelation enhanced fluorescence (CHEF) effects only with Hg²⁺ among the metal ions examined.     

磁性硫化铜复合纳米材料的合成及其对水中汞离子的特异性吸附

设计和合成吸附速率快、选择性好的吸附富集材料对Hg²⁺的高效吸附和精确检测具有重要意义。 本文中,采用简单、经济的策略制备了磁性硫化铜复合纳米材料(Fe₃O₄@SiO₂@CuS),并且通过一系列吸附实验考察了核-壳结构的Fe₃O₄@SiO₂@CuS对水溶液中Hg²⁺的吸附性能。 结果表明,Fe₃O₄@SiO₂@CuS显示出了快速的吸附富集速率和良好的吸附容量。 同时,在多种金属离子共存的情况下,该材料表现出了优异的吸附选择性,Hg²⁺吸附率高达99.9%。 由于该材料具备磁性,因此通过外加磁场即可实现吸附剂与水体简便快速的分离。 以上结果表明,磁性金属硫化物纳米材料在吸附富集和检测领域具有良好的应用前景。     

喹啉酮-香豆素类Hg2+比色荧光探针的合成及应用

设计合成了新型喹啉酮-香豆素类比色荧光探针7-二乙氨基-3-[3-(7-二乙氨基)香豆素基-3-氧代丙烯基]喹啉-2-酮(QCO), 用于检测水溶液中的Hg²⁺. 探针QCO对Hg²⁺表现出高选择性和强抗干扰性. 此外, Hg²⁺引起探针QCO溶液的颜色变化明显, 可裸眼识别. 比色法中, 吸收值比(A₅₀₀/A₃₈₀)与Hg²⁺浓度呈良好的线性关系, 其检出限为2.62×10^-8 mol/L. 荧光法中, 探针QCO对Hg²⁺的检出限为5.42×10^-8 mol/L. 经等摩尔变化( Job’s Plot)法、 质谱及红外光谱验证, 探针QCO与Hg²⁺形成络合比为1∶1(摩尔比)的络合物. 硅胶板实验和加标回收率实验结果表明, 探针QCO可用于检测实际水样中的Hg²⁺.     

Thiourea functionalized CdSe/CdS quantum dots as a fluorescent sensor for mercury ion detection

CdSe/CdS quantum dots(QDs) functionalized by thiourea(TU) were synthesized and used as a fluorescent sensor for mercury ion detection.The TU-functionalized QDs were prepared by bonding TU via electrostatic interaction to the core/shell CdSe/CdS QDs after capping with thioglycolic acid(TGA).It was observed that the fluorescence of the functionalized QDs was quenched upon the addition of Hg~(2+).The quantitative detection of Hg~(2+) with this fluorescent sensor could be conducted based on the linear relationship between the extent of quenching and the concentration of Hg~(2+) added in the range of1-300 μg L~(-1).A detection limit of 0.56 μg L~(-1) was achieved.The sensor showed superior selectivity for Hg~(2+) and was successfully applied to the determination of mercury in environmental samples with satisfactory results.     

Micro-columns packed with Chlorella vulgaris immobilised on silica gel for mercury speciation

A method has been developed for mercury speciation in water by using columns packed with Chlorella vulgaris immobilised on silica gel. The method involves the retention of CH₃Hg⁺ and Hg²⁺ in micro-columns prepared by packing immobilised algae in polypropylene tubes, followed by selective and sequential elution with 0.03 and 1.5 M HCl for CH₃Hg⁺ and Hg²⁺, respectively. The adsorption capacity of the micro-algae for Hg²⁺ and CH₃Hg⁺ has been evaluated using free and immobilised C. vulgaris. The efficiency uptake for both species at pH 3 was higher than 97%. Studies were carried out on the effect of retention and elution conditions for both species. Furthermore, the stability of mercury species retained on algae-silica gel micro-columns and lifetime of the columns were also investigated. Hg²⁺ showed a higher stability than CH₃Hg⁺ at 0 °C (21 and 3 days, respectively) and a better lifetime than for the organic species.

The developed method was applied to the analysis of spiked tap, sea and wastewater samples. Recovery studies on tap and filtered seawater provided results between 96 ± 3 and 106 ± 2 for Hg²⁺ and from 98 ± 5 to 107 ± 5 for CH₃Hg⁺, for samples spiked with single species. For samples spiked with both CH₃Hg⁺ and Hg²⁺, the average recoveries varied from 96 ± 5 to 99 ± 3 and from 103 ± 6 to 115 ± 5 for Hg²⁺ and CH₃Hg⁺, respectively. However, the percentages of retention and elution on wastewater and unfiltered seawater were only adequate for the inorganic species.     

高选择性检测Hg2+的喹啉酮衍生物荧光探针的合成及应用

设计合成了一种以喹啉酮为荧光团,具有新型结构的荧光探针（E）-N-（4-甲基-2-氧代-1,2-二氢喹啉-7-基）-3-（3-苯基-[1,2,4]三唑[3,4-b][1,3,4]噻二唑-6-基）丙烯酰胺（MNT）.研究结果表明,MNT可通过不饱和酰胺键异构化后与Hg²⁺配位,从而产生显著的荧光猝灭.1,2,4-三唑[3,4-b]-1,3,4-噻二唑缺电子的特征有助于提高猝灭效果的同时,能提供与Hg²⁺配位的杂原子.MNT探针对Hg²⁺具有高选择性、较高的量子产率和较强的抗干扰性,检测限为6.35×10^-8 mol/L,响应时间25 s.进一步研究发现,MNT在pH=4~13范围内均能特异性检测Hg²⁺.基于核磁滴定实验结果推测了该探针荧光检测Hg²⁺的机理,并由Job’s曲线确定了MNT与Hg²⁺之间的配位比为2：1.MNT在实际水样中的应用结果表明其可作为检测Hg²⁺的荧光探针.     

具有荧光增强性能的罗丹明B衍生物的合成及其对汞离子的检测

利用汞离子可以诱导罗丹明B衍生物的螺环结构发生开环反应并产生荧光增强效果这一特性,设计并合成了两种新型的荧光化学传感器2-噻吩甲醛罗丹明B酰肼(RhBTh)和苯甲醛罗丹明B酰肼(RhBAr),并研究了二者在汞离子检测中的应用.研究结果表明,RhBTh与RhBAr对汞离子均表现出非常好的荧光增强效果,检测过程中其它金属离子不会对检测结果产生明显的干扰.二者对汞离子的检测限分别为7.8 nmol/L和12.5 nmol/L.实验表明RhBTh和RhBAr对汞离子均具有良好的灵敏度和选择性.     

UiO-66-NH2/wood的设计构筑及高效去除水中微量重金属离子性能

矿山开采、 金属冶炼、 新型金属材料的发展以及城市供水系统老化所造成的重金属(铅、 镉、 汞、 砷、 铬、 铜及锌等)污染问题已日趋严重. 传统的水处理方法很难有效地去除低浓度的重金属污染物. 本文以天然木材为载体, 采用溶剂热合成法, 在木材三维孔道中原位合成UiO-66-NH₂金属有机框架材料(MOFs)纳米颗粒, 制备了UiO-66-NH₂/wood复合膜材料. 该复合膜材料对去除水中微量重金属离子(Hg²⁺, Cu²⁺)表现出优异的性能. 当处理速率为1.1×10² L?m^-2?h^-1时, 该复合膜材料去除水中微量重金属离子的效率仍可达到90%以上, 且处理后水中重金属离子含量低于国家饮用水标准. 这可归因于木材本身独特的三维孔道结构, 在提高水通量的同时, 还可以增加水溶液中重金属离子与MOFs颗粒的接触机会, 以及孔道内均匀分布的UiO-66-NH₂ MOFs颗粒中的—NH₂可以与重金属离子通过配位作用相结合. 该UiO-66-NH₂/wood复合膜材料还具有良好的重复利用性, 在连续6次循环使用后其去除效率无明显变化, 有望进行实际应用.     

Establishment of a new molecular model for mercury determination verified by single crystal X-ray diffraction,spectroscopic analysis and biological potentials

A wide variety of molecular probes have been developed for real-time analysis,but most of organic fluorophores possess small Stokes shifts and self-absorption or inner filter effect that could not be avoided.In this study,a new dicyanoisophorone-based derivative(E)-0-(4-(2-(3-(dicyanomethylene)-5,5-dimethylcyclohex-1-en-1-yl)vinyl)phenyl)diphenylphosphinothioate(λ_ex=405 nm,X_em=551 nm,denoted as ICM-S) with strong push-pull electron effect has been afforded and it exhibits red shift for absorption from 407 nm to 426 nm with distinct color change from pale yellow to deep yellow upon exposure to Hg~(2+).Moreover,an easily distinguishable fluorescence color change follows the route from green,yellow to red in the presence of Hg~(2+) over the range of 0-90 μmol/L(detection limit=137 nmol/L)can be observed by the naked eye under a UV lamp irradiation.Chlorodiphenylphosphine and sublimedsulfur are incorpo rated as re s ponsive sites and P-O bond has been cleaved upon the addition of mercu ry ions.During the recognition process,such dicyanoisophorone dye(ICM-S) has been evolved to 2-(3-(4-hydroxystyryl)-5,5-dimethylcyclohex-2-enylidene) malononitrile(ICM-OH).Clear evidences in the chemical processes can be identified via single crystal X-ray diffraction,spectroscopic analysis,photophysical studies and titration experiments.With the aim of exploring its potential in biological systems,its in vitro responses to Hg~(2+) have been evaluated in 293 T cells and the effectiveness in zebrafish model has also been verified.     

Evaluation of dithiocarbamates and beta-diketones as chelating agents in supercritical fluid extraction of Cd, Pb, and Hg from solid samples

The use of four dithiocarbamates and three fluorinated β-diketones as potential chelating agents for three transition metal ions (Cd²⁺, Pb²⁺, and Hg²⁺) extracted from spiked sand and filter paper samples by supercritical fluid extraction (SFE) was investigated. The extractions were performed at 45°C and 250 atm for spiked sand samples and at 60°C and 200 atm for filter paper samples using supercritical carbon dioxide modified with 5% methanol. At 250 atm and using carbon dioxide modified with 5% methanol, the recoveries of Cd²⁺, Pb²⁺, and Hg²⁺ ions from spiked sand samples were 95% with lithium bis(trifluoroethyl)dithiocarbamate (LiFDDC) as the chelating agent; they ranged from 83–97% with diethylammonium diethyldithiocarbamate and from 87–97% with sodium di-ethyldithiocarbamate as chelating agents, and from 68–96% with trifluoracetylacetone, hexafluoroacetylacetone, and thenoylfluoroacetone as chelating agents. Ammonium pyrrolidinedithiocarbamate was not effective in the chelation SFE of Cd²⁺, Pb²⁺, and Hg²⁺ ions from either spiked sand or spiked filter paper samples under the extraction conditions used. Supercritical carbon dioxide alone gave consistently lower analyte recoveries than supercritical carbon dioxide modified with 5% methanol. The results suggest that the solubility of the metal chelate in the supercritical fluid plays a more important role than the solubility of the chelating agent in the supercritical fluid, as long as sufficient chelating agent is present in the fluid phase. Fluorination of the chelating agent, as in the case of LiFDDC, increases the solubility of the metal chelate, and subsequently enhances the extraction efficiency for the metal ions.