具有自修复能力的聚合物材料

各项性能已经达到工程材料指标要求的聚合物材料，在使用过程中不可避免地会产生裂纹，进而在使用过程中包藏着隐患，直至丧失使用价值。裂纹的早期修复，特别是自修复是一个现实而重要的问题。本文介绍了两类修复机制，即共价键与非共价键愈合，重点分析了近年来按共价键机理愈合、具有自修复能力的聚合物材料的研究成果、优缺点及发展前景。     

高分子液晶态弹性体的研究进展

较系统地论述了高分子液晶态弹性体的合成、结构、液晶性质、热弹性质、光弹性质、粘弹性质和液体扩散性能,指出高分子液晶态弹性体是显示多种特异性能的高性能高分子材料。     

淀粉基聚合物胶束用作药物载体

两亲性聚合物能通过亲疏水作用自组装为核-壳结构,而这独特的优势已使其成为在肿瘤靶向药物缓释方面具有很好发展前景的药物载体.淀粉原材料来源丰富,价格低廉,同时具有良好的生物相容性和生物可降解性,故基于淀粉的两亲性聚合物胶束正引起越来越多研究者极大的关注.作为药物载体,淀粉基聚合物胶束不仅可以提高药物的水溶性、延长药物在体内的循环时间、降低副作用和通过增强渗透与滞留(EPR)效应提高药物在靶向部位的优先累积,还可以在淀粉骨架上引入一些刺激响应型的官能团实现胶束快速靶向释药的功能.因此,淀粉基聚合物胶束在用作药物载体方面有着广阔的发展潜力.本文结合本课题组目前的研究工作和近几年的相关报道对淀粉基聚合物胶束作为药物载体的最新研究进展做简要综述.     

智能型聚合物纳米药物载体设计的研究进展

针对肿瘤与正常组织细胞的差异,从分子设计角度介绍了智能纳米药物传递系统研究的最新进展,着重讨论了对靶向传递的行为控制以及对药物释放的行为控制。     

有机/聚合物场效应管

有机场效应管（OFET）自从1987年首次出现以来，尤其是在最近两三年，已经取得了长足的发展，已经成为最为重要的有机电子器件之一。本文综述了关于OFET的工作原理，用于OFET的半导体材料及成膜工艺等方面的新研究成果。并指出了OFET目前所存在的问题及发展方向。     

开孔型聚合物微发泡材料制备技术

微发泡塑料是上世纪 80年代以后出现的一种新型材料 ,其特点是孔径小 (一般在 1 0 μm以下 ) ,分布均匀 ,泡孔密度非常高 (一般大于 1 0 9个 /cm3 )。目前微发泡塑料制备技术已经比较成熟 ,也得到了不同类型的商业化制品。聚合物微孔材料是一种功能性材料 ,相互连通的微观孔洞结构使其具有相当广泛的应用。本文介绍了目前几种微孔材料成型的主要方法 ,讨论了微发泡成型技术用于制备开孔型微发泡材料的必要性。对几种关于开孔型聚合物微发泡材料制备技术及研究方法进行了探讨 ,其分别是不相容聚合物共混、泡孔合并模型、熔融挤出发泡、开孔剂法和气体浓度阈 (值 )等方法。这些方法的微孔成型机理各不相同 ,所制备的材料微观结构也各有特点。文献分析表明微发泡方法用于开孔型微孔材料的制备是一种非常有前景的技术。     

高分子前药研究进展

高分子前药可以控制药物释放速度,降低小分子药物的毒副作用,减少抗药性,增强抗肿瘤药物的靶向性和选择性,提高多肽、蛋白质和核酸类药物的稳定性和有效利用率,引起国内外广泛关注.本文综述了近年来高分子药物的研究进展,主要从高分子载体材料的选择与改性对载药量、生物相容性和肾排泄的影响,以及化学合成过程中载体和药物末端的修饰、空...     

Rational Design and Development of Polymeric Nanogels as Protein Carriers

Proteins have gained significant attention as potential therapeutic agents owing to their high specificity and reduced toxicity. Nevertheless, their clinical utility is hindered by inherent challenges associated with stability during storage and after in vivo administration. To overcome these limitations, polymeric nanogels (NGs) have emerged as promising carriers. These colloidal systems are capable of efficient encapsulation and stabilization of protein cargoes while improving their bioavailability and targeted delivery. The design of such delivery systems requires a comprehensive understanding of how the synthesis and formulation processes affect the final performance of the protein. This review highlights critical aspects involved in the development of NGs for protein delivery, with specific emphasis on loading strategies and evaluation techniques. For example, factors influencing loading efficiency and release kinetics are discussed, along with strategies to optimize protein encapsulation through protein-carrier interactions to achieve the desired therapeutic outcomes. The discussion is based on recent literature examples and aims to provide valuable insights for researchers working toward the advancement of protein-based therapeutics.     

Self-Assembled Polymeric Nanomicelles as Delivery Carriers for Antitumor Drug Camptothecin

Despite being highly recognized as an antitumor candidate due to its high potency in binding to DNA topoisomerase I and inhibiting of DNA relegation, full clinical application of camptothecin is unfortunately hampered by its poor solubility in aqueous medium and by the adverse effects caused by its hydrolyzed product under physiological conditions. In an attempt to increase its effective solubility, nanomicelles formed through self-assembly of copolymers by polymer-drug conjugate or by physical envelopment have recently been established to improve the efficacy of many drugs. This review provides the most up-to-date information available relating novel nanomicelles technology to the improvement and realization of the full potential of camptothecin. In particular, physicochemical and biological properties of camptothecin and its derivatives, the controlled factors of micelle formation, the techniques of drug encapsulation, and the structure-properties of nanomicelles are elucidated and discussed. Undoubtedly, polymer nanomicelle carriers can be selectively delivered to tumors via the enhanced permeability and retention effect. Moreover, micelles with smart functions such as stimulus-responsive and specific drug targeting may enhance the activity of potent bioactive compounds, facilitating their clinical applications.     

Multifunctional elastomer nanocomposites with functionalized graphene single sheets

We demonstrate the use of functionalized graphene sheets (FGSs) as multifunctional nanofillers to improve mechanical properties, lower gas permeability, and impart electrical conductivity for several distinct elastomers. FGS consists mainly of single sheets of crumbled graphene containing oxygen functional groups and is produced by the thermal exfoliation of oxidized graphite (GO). The present investigation includes composites of FGS and three elastomers: natural rubber (NR), styrene–butadiene rubber, and polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS). All of these elastomers show similar and significant improvements in mechanical properties with FGS, indicating that the mechanism of property improvement is inherent to the FGS and not simply a function of chemical crosslinking. The decrease in gas permeability is attributed to the high aspect ratio of the FGS sheets. This creates a tortuous path mechanism of gas diffusion; fitting the permeability data to the Nielsen model yields an aspect ratio of ～1000 for the FGS. Electrical conductivity is demonstrated at FGS loadings as low as 0.08% in PDMS and reaches 0.3 S/m at 4 wt % loading in NR. This combination of functionalities imparted by FGS is shown to result from its high aspect ratio and carbon‐based structure. © 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Polym Sci Part B: Polym Phys, 2012     

聚氨酯类反应型高分子表面活性剂的研究进展

反应型高分子表面活性剂兼有反应型表面活性剂可以以牢固的共价键键合到聚合物粒子上,有效避免了表面活性剂在聚合物膜中迁移的优点和高分子表面活性剂性质稳定、耐水性好、低毒或无毒的优点,是一种备受关注的新型表面活性剂,其中含有双键的聚氨酯类可聚合型高分子表面活性剂因其软硬度可调、反应活性高等优点而成为此类研究的一个新热点。本文综述了国内外聚氨酯类反应型高分子表面活性剂最新研究概况,简述了其合成路线和应用性能,并对未来的研究方向进行了预测。     

热塑性弹性体/蒙脱土纳米复合材料的制备及性能

热塑性弹性体;蒙脱土;纳米复合材料;动态硫化     

高分子型湿敏传感结构材料及器件

综述了湿敏传感器的研究进展。重点介绍了四类高分子型湿度传感器,电容型、电阻型（电子导电型和离子导电型）、声表面波（ＳＡＷ）型和光敏型。同时还简介介绍 类聚炔湿敏传感结构材料的研究结果,及今后该研究领域的发展方向。     

用自组装法制备聚合物纳米复合膜

文章比较了自组装法（ｓｅｌｆ－ａｓｓｅｍｂｌｙ,ＳＡ）与Ｌａｎｇｍｕｉｒ－Ｂｌｏｄｇｅｔｔ技术（ＬＢ）及其它方法在制备聚合物纳米复合膜时的优劣。ＳＡ法由于操作简单、膜的结构稳定性较高,因此较ＬＢ技术等具有更大的实用价值。利用ＳＡ法,可以制备各种有机聚电解质与其带相反电荷的有机聚电解质、粘土化合物及无机纳米颗粒等组成的聚合纳米复合膜。     

NiO nanoparticle doped-PVA-MF polymer nanocomposites: Preparation,Congo red dye adsorption and antibacterial activity

The standard of living has been improved by industrial “revolution” and the demand of new production increases due to population explosion. In the race of industrialization humans are busy discharging harmful gases in atmosphere, dumping unhealthy wastes in soil and discharging of toxic sewage in natural water resources. The present work reports the synthesis of polymer nanocomposite of blend encapsulated with NiO nanoparticles (K1-K5). The polymer nanocomposite films (K1-K5) were characterized by FTIR, XRD, TGA and SEM. The electrostatic interaction between the polymer matrix and encapsulated NiO nanoparticles increases the chemical stability in this order water > NaOH > HCl solution confirmed by contact angle (55° to 99°). The Congo red (CR) dye adsorption values increases in polymer nanocomposite films (K1-K5) were analyzed by an effect by an effect of contact time 45% to 68%, by an effect of CR dye concentration 48% to 70%. But the CR dye adsorption by S3 composite and nanocomposite films (K1-K5) are inversely proportional to the pH scale 4–10. Among four different bacterial strains Bacillus subtilis 25 mm and Staphylococcus aureus 25 mm has shown best antibacterial activity. The result confirms enhancement of antibacterial activity of S3 blend after the doping of NiO nanoparticles. The present results may be a roadmap to develop some transparent and flexible polymer nanocomposite films for water treatment in textile industries and efficient antibacterial activity.     

Study of Phenolic Compounds Removal from Aqueous Solution by Polymeric Sorbent

This study describes preparation of polymeric sorbent and its use in removal of some phenolic compounds from aqueous solution. The polymer [poly(ethylene glycol dimethacrylate ‐ co‐methacrylic acid)] is stable both thermally and chemically. High temperature (200°C) and strong acidic or alkaline solutions (4 M HCl or NaOH) are not effective on the adsorption characteristics of polymer. Removal process of phenols is pH‐dependent and from the obtained results pH = 7.0 was selected as an optimum pH. Different parameters affecting sorption process were tested, and it was found that the kinetic of sorption is fast; therefore, column experiment at higher flow rates or batch experiment can be used. Methanol was selected as a washing solvent in column experiments. Capacity of sorbent for the studied compounds was tested and the following order was obtained: p‐chlorophenol > p‐aminophenol > phenol.     

高分子结构与性能研究的密度泛函理论方法

随着高分子科学的发展,高分子的性质需要更多的理论给予解释。本文介绍了目前正在形成的密度泛函理论方法及其在高分子结构和性能研究中的应用。由于该理论处于初始阶段,有许多问题尚待研究。     

高分子色谱固定相

本文扼要介绍气相色谱和高效液相色谱所应用的各种高分子色谱固定相概况、原理、类型和制备等问题,高分子材料在色谱上的应用及其发展。     

高分子填料在生物法处理废水中的应用进展

对生物法处理废水用的高分子填料进行了综述。首先,从无机高分子填料、有机高分子填料两方面介绍了其应用特点及对废水中有机物的作用机理和去除效果;其次,介绍了新型生物填料,主要从生物亲和亲水磁性填料和酶促生物填料两方面介绍其在废水处理中的应用。     

聚合物功能梯度材料的研究现状与展望

功能梯度材料(FGM)是一种全新的非均质复合材料.聚合物梯度材料(PGM)是基体材料为高分子材料的一类功能梯度材料,因其独特的形态结构、奇特的功能和潜在的应用价值,已逐渐引起了人们的高度重视.本文综述了国内外聚合物功能梯度材料的研究现状,介绍了PGM的概念、分类、制备方法、表征方法及应用等,并对PGM未来的研究进行了展望.