Synthesis of Polymers by Using Divalent Metal Salts of Mono(hydroxyethyl)phthalate: Metal-Containing Unsaturated Polyesters

Syntheses of metal-containing unsaturated polyesters based on divalent metal salts (I) of mono (hydroxyethyl)phthalate were investigated by the polycondensation reactions of I-glycols with maleic anhydride (MA)-phthalic anhydride (PA). Among various combinations of components, the systems of MA-PA-diethylene glycol (DEG)-Mg salt, and MA-PA-ethylene glycol (EG)-propylene glycol (PG)-Mg salt gave polyesters soluble in styrene. Viscosities of styrene solutions of the polyesters obtained showed a tendency to increase with increase in metal content in the polyester. The styrene solutions could be cured. The cured polyester resins were evaluated for physical properties. Generally, the polyesters of MA-PA-EG-PG-Mg salt have good physical properties. Further, resistance to chemical attack and boiling water, and thermal behavior are also discussed.     

Synthesis of Polymers by Using Divalent Metal Salts of Mono(hydroxyethyl)phthalate: Metal-Containing Unsaturated Polyesters with Pendent Methacrylate Groups

Syntheses of novel metal-containing unsaturated polyesters having pendent methacrylate groups obtained by use of divalent metal salts of mono(hydroxyethyl)phthalate-maleic anhydride (MA)-glycidyl methacrylate (GMA) reactions were investigated. The yields were generally high. The metal-containing polyesters obtained were slightly yellow-brown solids, and the molecular weights ranged from 1546 to 2174, depending on the mole ratio of feed. Among them, the polyesters obtained at a feed mole ratio of metal salt:MA:GMA of 1:8:8 were miscible with methyl methacrylate (MMA), giving homogeneous solutions suitable for copolymerization, and the polyesters could be easily cross-linked with MMA to give cured resins. The metal-containing cured polyester resins showed excellent physical properties. Resistance of the resins to chemical attack and boiling water and thermal behavior are also discussed.     

Synthesis of Polymers by Using Divalent Metal Salts of Mono(hydroxyethyl) Phthalate: Metal-Containing Three-Dimensional Polyesters from Metal Salts,Pyromellitic Dianhydride,and Epoxides

Syntheses of metal-containing three-dimensional polyesters were investigated by the reactions of divalent metal salts of mono(hydroxyethyl) phthalate-pyromellitic dianhydride-epoxide in DMF at 90° C. The metal carboxylate groups of these metal salts catalyzed the reactions. Systems with low metal salt content gelled during reaction. The yield of the products obtained by precipitating or washing with water increased with decreasing metal salt content in the feed. The products were metal-containing, three-dimensional polyesters containing ionic links; they were slightly yellow powdery materials. Hydroxyl values of the products were much higher than the values of acidity. Inherent viscosities (in DMF at 30° C) of the products obtained from the systems which did not gel were low, ranging from 0.031 to 0.083. The thermal stability of the products showed a tendency to increase with decreasing metal salt content in the feed.     

五种植物纤维粉填充不饱和聚酯树脂复合材料的性能对比

以芝麻秸秆粉、水稻秸秆粉、玉米芯秆粉、菠萝叶粉、甘蔗渣粉五种不同植物纤维粉为填充体、不饱和聚酯树脂(UPR)为基体制作植物纤维粉/UPR复合材料,对比研究了秸秆种类对复合材料密度、力学性能及吸水性能的影响。结果表明,植物纤维粉粒径为100目、添加量为UPR用量的10%时,芝麻秸秆粉/UPR复合材料的综合力学性能最好,拉伸强度、弯曲强度和冲击强度分别为41.320 MPa、67.467 MPa和2.815 KJ/m^2,且每一浸泡阶段吸水率均最低。     

高岭土对不饱和聚酯树脂的热稳定性、阻燃及力学性能的影响

不饱和聚酯树脂;高岭土;纳米复合材料;原位聚合;阻燃;成炭     

Effects of Divalent Metal Ions on pH-Dependent Hydrolysis of p-Nitrophenyl (E)-(Hydroxyminio) Phosphonoacetate

Abstract

The (E-oxime of phosphonoglyoxylic acid, or (E-troika acid [(E)-l] undergoe: fragmentation leading to phosphorylation of the aqueous solvent at neutral pH and room temperature.[1] In contrast, the corresponding C-methyl ester (a-2 is stable under these mild conditions. Conversion of the unreactive (E)-2 to (E)-1 requires dewthylation a pH 13–14, generating the polyanion of (E-1, which becomes reactive on protonation.[1]     

Synthesis of polymers by using divalent metal salts of mono(hydroxyethyl) phthalate: Metal-containing polyurethane-ureas

A series of metal-containing polyurethane-ureas containing ionic links in the main chain was synthesized by the polyaddition reaction of hexamethylene diisocyanate with mixtures of metal salts of mono(hydroxyethyl) phthalate and bisureas containing two hydroxyl groups which were obtained from monoethanolamine and diisocyanates. The polyurethane-ureas obtained were generally yellowish powders or solids. Close agreement between observed and calculated values of metal content of the metal-containing polyurethane-ureas was obtained. The viscosities (in dimethylformamide) of polyurethane-ureas decreased markedly with increase of metal content. Moreover, the decomposition temperatures were lowered a little by introducing metals into the polyurethane-ureas. Dimethylformamide, m-cresol, and dimethyl sulfoxide were comparatively good solvents for the metal-containing polyurethane-ureas; however, the polymers were insoluble in all other solvents.     

Synthesis of polymers by using divalent metal salts of mono(hydroxyethyl) phthalate: Metal-containing polyurethanes

As difunctional compounds containing an ionic bond in the molecule, divalent metal salts (I) of mono(hydroxyethyl) phthalate were prepared in high purity and high yield. Mg and Ca were selected as divalent metal. Metal-containing polyurethanes containing ionic links in the main chain were synthesized by the polyaddition reaction of I or, I–glycols with diisocyanates. The polyurethane obtained were glassy materials or white powders, depending on the species of diisocyanates and glycols. Close agreement between observed and calculated values of metal content of the polyurethanes were obtained. The viscosities (in dimethyl-formamide) of the polyurethanes decreased markedly with increasing of metal content. Moreover, the decomposition temperatures were lowered by introduction of metals into the polyurethanes. However, the decomposition rates of metal-containing polyurethanes were lower than those of polyurethanes not containing metal.     

The kinetics and mechanisms of thermal degradation of some divalent metal salts of mono(hydroxyethyl) phthalate

The thermal decomposition of lead and manganese salts of mono(hydroxyethyl) phthalate was studied by thermogravimetry and differential scanning calorimetry. The kinetic parameters for the various stages of decomposition of these salts were calculated by different methods and mechanisms are proposed to explain the results.     

In situ synthesis of polyethylene terephthalate nanocomposites using bis (2‐hydroxyethyl) phthalate monomer

In this article, we address in situ synthesis of polyethylene terephthalate (PET) nanocomposites using the bis (2‐hydroxyethyl) phthalate monomer and inorganic layered materials (sulfanilic acid salt‐modified magnesium aluminum‐layered double hydroxides [MgAl LDH‐SAS] and Dimethyloctadecyl [3‐(trimethoxysilyl) propyl] ammonium chloride [DTSACl] and tetraethyl orthosilicate [TEOS]‐ modified clay [CL120‐DT]). The dispersion morphology of the synthesized nanocomposites was evaluated using XRD and TEM, from these results, it was confirmed that 0.5 wt% loaded PET/MgAl LDH‐SAS and PET/CL120‐DT nanocomposites have flocculated and intercalated morphologies, respectively. Thermomechanical analyses were performed by thermogravimetric analysis, dynamic mechanical analysis, and differential scanning calorimetry, respectively. Moreover, the water vapor transmission rate (WVTR) values of a pure PET, PET/CL120‐DT 0.5 wt%, and PET/MgAl LDH‐SAS 0.5 wt% nanocomposites were found to be 49, 45, and 46 g·m^?2·day^?1, respectively. Furthermore, the gas barrier properties of PET composite films containing various amounts of inorganic nanoparticles were investigated using Gas permeability analysis (GPA).     

Synthesis of Oligomers with Unsaturated End-Groups Based on Dianic Epoxy Resin and Crotonic Acid

Abstract

The synthesis of oligomers with unsaturated double end-bonds based on the reaction of dianic epoxy resin and crotonic acid was investigated. Experimental conditions included temperatures from 353–383 K and reaction times from 3.5–4.0h in the presence of quaternary ammonium salts dissolved in various organic solvents. The main kinetic parameters of the reaction were determined.     

Synthesis and Properties of Low-Temperature Solder Creams Based on Polyester Resin and Diethyldibenzylammonium Bromide

Synthesis and properties of solder creams based on polyester resin modified with rosin and diethyldibenzylammonium bromide were studied. The feasibility of using diethyldibenzylammonium bromide as soldering flux in low-temperature solder creams was analyzed.     

聚丙烯酸类高吸水性树脂专利技术发展

高吸水性树脂SAP是一种典型的功能高分子材料,能吸收并保持自身重量数百倍乃至数千倍的水分或者数十倍的盐水,广泛应用于农业、林业、工业和日常生活等领域中。而聚丙烯酸类高吸水性树脂是一类重要的合成高吸水性树脂,本文从专利角度对其技术概况、专利申请状况、聚合工艺、共聚单体、交联剂、聚合引发方式等进行了详述,并对该领域重要专利申请人巴斯夫和日本触媒株式会社的重点技术进行了分析。     

Metal-containing crosslinked polyester resins by combined polyesterification and polymerization of curable mixtures based on divalent metal salts of mono(hydroxyethyl)phthalate

Preparations of metal-containing crosslinked polyester resins based on divalent metal salts of mono(hydroxyethyl)phthalate were investigated by the cure, by combined polyesterification and polymerization, of curable mixtures prepared from above metal salts, maleic anhydride, glycidyl methacrylate, and methyl methacrylate. The curable mixtures containing Ca showed lower viscosity than those containing Mg. They were subjected to curing reactions in the presence of peroxide and under photoirradiation, respectively. In the cure, polyesterification and polymerization proceeded simultaneously smoothly, giving metal-containing cured resins. Generally, the peroxide-cured resins showed better physical properties than the photo-cured resins. Especially, the former resins with high metal content showed high compressive strength and Rockwell hardness. Further, resistance to chemical attack and boiling water and thermal behavior are also discussed.     

Complexes of 8-Aminoouinoline. II. The Infrared Spectra of the Bisand Mono(Aminoquinoline) Complexes of Metal(II) Halides

Abstract

The infrared spectra of the complexes M(aq)₂(H₂O)₂X₂ (M = Fe, Co, Ni, Cu; aq = 8-aminoquinoline; X =Cl, Br) have been determined over the range 4000-50 cm^?1. Absence of vM-X bands indicates that the halide is not coordinated to the metal ion and the complexes are correctly formulated [M(aq)₂-(H₂O)₂]X₂. Deuteration of the amino group and the effects of metal ion substitution enable assignment of the vM-NH₂, vM-N and vM-OH₂ modes as well as the amino group vibrations. ¹⁸ O-Labelling assists in identifying the vO-H, vO-H……X and δO-H bands. The spectra are consistent with trans-octahedral coordination and axial bonding of the water molecules. The far infrared spectra of the mono(aminoquinoline) complexes [M(aq)X₂]_n (M = Cu, Zn; X = Cl, Br) are consistent with the proposed structure of polymeric octahedral coordination involving both bridging and terminal M-X bonds. The vM-NH₂, vM-N, vM-X(terminal) and vM-X(bridging) bands are assigned by studying the effects of amino group deuteration, metal ion substitution and halide substitution.     

Synthesis and Metal Collecting Properties of Mono,Di, Tri and Tetramine Based on Silica Gel Matrix

Abstract

Silica gels, chemically modified with mono, di, tri and tetramine (I - IV), were synthesized. The monoamine (I) was produced directly via the reaction of silica gel with 3-aminopropyltrimethoxysilane. The diamine (II), triamine (III) and tetramine (IV) were produced through the reaction of ethylenediamine (EDA), diethylenetriamine (DETA) and triethylenetetramine (TETA) with 3-chloropropyltrichloromethane modified silica gel, respectively. The sorption properties of the phases (I - IV) toward Co(II), Ni(II), Cu(II), Zn(II), Cd(II) and Pb(II) were investigated at different pH-values based on the batch equilibrium technique, The, metal uptake capacities (mmol/g) were determined and discussed in terms of the structure of the aliphatic amines and the increasing number of nitrogen donor atoms. The metal capacity values demonstrate the higher efficiency of phases III and IV than phases I and II for preconcentration of such metal ions. Moreover, the use of phases III and IV for selective extraction of Cu(II) and Ni(II) is promising.     

Synthesis and Thermal Conversions of Unsaturated Cobalt(II) Monocarboxylates: Precursors for Metal Polymer Nanocomposites

Cobalt(II) salts of unsaturated monocarboxylic acids (acrylic acid, methacrylic acid, sorbic acid, 4-pentynoic acid, crotonic acid, linoleic acid, and oleic acid) are prepared. The prepared compounds are characterized by elemental analysis, IR spectroscopy, thermogravimetry, and differential scanning calorimetry. Cobalt-containing nanocomposites are produced by the thermal decomposition of the prepared carboxylates and characterized by elemental analysis, IR spectroscopy, scanning and transmission electron microscopy, energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy, and X-ray powder diffraction. The enthalpies of reaction (ΔH_r°) for the formation of cobalt(II) salts of unsaturated monocarboxylic acids are calculated by the PM3 semiempirical quantum-chemical method. A correlation is found between the mean diameter (d_mean) of nanoparticles in nanocomposites and ΔH_r°.     

Preparation of Solder Powders and Properties of Low-Temperature Solder Creams Based on a Polyester Resin and Dimethylethylphenylammonium Iodide

Solder powders were prepared, and properties of solder creams based on rosin-modified polyester resin and dimethylethylphenylammonium iodide were studied. The possibility of using dimethylethylphenylammonium iodide as a flux in low-temperature solder creams was examined.     

Effects of Divalent Metal Ions on Electrochemiluminescence Sensor with Ru(bpy)32+ Immobilized in Eastman‐AQ Membrane

Different effects of divalent metal ions on electrochemiluminescence (ECL) sensor with Ru(bpy)₃²⁺ immobilized in Eastman‐AQ membrane were investigated. Mg²⁺, Ca²⁺ and Fe²⁺ can elevate the ECL of Ru(bpy)₃²⁺/proline; while metal ions that underwent redox reactions on the electrode such as Mn²⁺ and Co²⁺ presented intensive quenching effects on Ru(bpy)₃²⁺ ECL. Also, the quenching effect of Mn²⁺ on the ECL sensor with Ru(bpy)₃²⁺ immobilized in Eastman‐AQ membrane enhanced to about 30‐folds compared with the case that Ru(bpy)₃²⁺ was dissolved in phosphate buffer, and the enhanced quenching effects of Mn²⁺ were studied.