导电聚合物

导电聚合物是20世纪70年代发展起来的一个研究领域,因其诱人的应用前景受到广泛重视,本文介绍了导电聚合物的发展和发展历史,综述了导电聚合物的结构和掺杂特征,制造方法,电导和电化学特性及其本征态共轭聚合物的光电特性,对导电聚合物当前的研究热点和应用前景进行了讨论。     

导电高分子

介绍导电高分子的结构特征、基本物理性能和技术上应用前景;评价导电高分子领域突破性的研究进展和 ２１世纪导电高分子面临的挑战与机遇。     

Electrically Conducting Thiophene Polymers

Electrically conducting 3-alkylthiophene polymers with pentyl, octyl, dodecyl, and hexadecyl alkyl groups were prepared. Iodine, trifluoroacetic acid, and dodecylbenzenesulfonic acid were used as dopants of the polymer backbone. The conductivities of the doped films were in the range 10^?6 to 10^?1S/cm. Applications of the prepared materials in electronics and optoelectronics were examined.     

水溶性自掺杂导电高分子

本文对近年来新出现的水溶性自掺杂导电高分子的合成、结构与溶解性的关系，导电机理与其研究方法以及它们的应用前景等方面进行了介绍和评述。     

本征导电聚合物的智能性

在化学掺杂或电化学掺杂过程中，性质发生可逆性变化的本征导电聚合物是一种潜在的智能材料，可望实现或部分实现传感、处理和执竽功能，适于制成电机执行器、智能窗、化学分离与释放体系、传感器和非线性光学器件等。     

某些导电高分子的波谱性能

本文以聚吡咯和聚噻吩为例，对导电高分子的紫外－可见光谱、红外光谱、远红外及微波区的波谱性能进行了综述，并分析了波谱性能与结构的关系。对导电高分子波谱性能的实际应用前景也进行了论述。     

Direct Writing of Conducting Polymers

Described herein is a new printing method—direct writing of conducting polymers (CPs)—based on pipette‐tip localized continuous electrochemical growth. A single barrel micropipette containing a metal wire (Pt) is filled with a mixture of monomer, supporting electrolyte, and an appropriate solvent. A droplet at the tip of the pipette contacts the substrate, which becomes the working electrode of a micro‐electrochemical cell confined to the tip droplet and the pipette. The metallic wire in the pipette acts as both counter and reference electrode. Electropolymerization forms the CP on the working electrode in a pattern controlled by the movement of the pipette. In this study, various width poly(pyrrole) 2D and 3D structures are extruded and characterized in terms of microcyclic voltammetry, Raman spectroscopy, and scanning electron microscopy.

     

导电聚合物LB膜

本文回顾了ＬＢ膜技术在导电聚合物体系中的利用，内容涉及共轭型导电聚合物（包括聚吡咯、聚噻吩、聚对亚苯基亚乙烯基、聚苯胺及其衍生物）ＬＢ膜的制备、结构表征、电导率与分子结构和分子堆砌之间的关系以及其他导电聚合物ＬＢ膜的研究现状。     

L-Dopa Synthesis on Conducting Polymers

With regards to the synthesis of L-Dopa (l-3,4-dihydroxy phenylalanine) two types of biosensors were designed by immobilizing tyrosinase on conducting polymers; polypyrrole (PPy) and poly(3,4-ethylenedioxythiophene) (PEDOT). PPy and PEDOT were synthesized electrochemically and tyrosinase immobilized by entrapment during electropolymerization. The kinetic parameters of the designed biosensors, maximum reaction rate of the enzyme (V_max) and Michaelis Menten constant (K_m) were determined. V_max were found as 0.013 for PPy matrix and 0.041 μ mol/min.electrode for PEDOT matrix. K_m values were determined as 3.7 and 5.2mM for PPy and PEDOT matrices respectively. Calibration curves for enzyme activity vs. substrate concentration were drawn for the range of 0.8 to 2.5 mM L-Tyrosine. Optimum temperature and pH, operational and shelf life stabilities of immobilized enzyme were also examined.     

可溶性导电高分子的合成

本文以聚乙炔类导电高分子为重点简要地综述了可溶性导电高分子的合成与研究现状。     

导电聚合物电致变色材料

由于在电致变色、显示、军事等领域的广泛应用,电致变色材料受到了人们越来越多的关注。本文综述了聚苯胺(PANI)类、聚噻吩(PTh)类、聚吡咯(PPy)类及复合导电聚合物电致变色材料的性能及其研究进展,同时简单地叙述了这些材料作为电致变色材料的应用前景,指出具有丰富颜色变化、良好的稳定性及成膜性的共聚物及有机/无机复合导电聚合物材料是未来电致变色材料发展的方向。     

部分氧化海藻酸钠的制备与性能

部分氧化海藻酸钠的制备与性能;海藻酸钠;氧化;降解;水凝胶     

Wireless Electrochemical Actuation of Conducting Polymers

Electrochemical actuation of conducting polymers usually requires a direct connection to an electric power supply. In this contribution, we suggest to overcome this issue by using the concept of bipolar electrochemistry. This allows changing the oxidation state of the polymer in a gradual and wireless way. Free‐standing polypyrrole films were synthesized with an intrinsic morphological asymmetry of their two faces in order to form a bilayer structure. Immersing such objects in an electrolyte solution and exposing them to a potential gradient leads to the asymmetric oxidation/reduction of the polymer, resulting in differential shrinking and swelling along the main axis. This additional asymmetry is responsible for a structural deformation. Optimization allowed highly efficient bending, which is expected to open up completely new directions in the field of actuation due to the wireless mode of action.     

Three-Strand Conducting Ladder Polymers: Two-Step Electropolymerization of Metallorotaxanes

Sequential polymerization of supramolecular metallorotaxane complexes results in three-stranded conducting ladder polymers. The internal polymer is "sandwiched" between the other two polymers to give molecular wires that are effectively insulated when the outer polymers are in their nonconducting state (shown schematically). The intermolecular conductivity can be mediated by the Cu(1+)/Cu(2+) redox couple.     

导电聚合物的纳米结构及其在生物医学领域的应用

由于表面效应、小尺寸效应和量子效应,使纳米结构的导电聚合物材料与传统聚合物材料相比,显示出更优越的性能。基于神经组织对电场和电刺激敏感性,使得导电聚合物纳米材料在生物医学应用方面很有前景。本文综述了纳米结构的导电聚合物的合成方法,及其在生物医学领域的应用。合成方法主要关注于硬模板法、软模板法和无模板自组装法,以及这些方法中导电聚合物纳米结构的形成机理。总结了具有纳米结构的导电聚合物,如纳米颗粒、纳米纤维和纳米管等作为神经电极涂层材料和生物传感器等方面的应用。     

Proton‐Conducting Magnetic Coordination Polymers

Three isostructural lanthanide‐based two‐ dimensional coordination polymers (CPs) {[Ln₂(L)₃(H₂O)₂]_n ? 2n CH₃OH) ? 2n H₂O} (Ln=Gd³⁺ ( 1 ), Tb³⁺ ( 2 ), Dy³⁺ ( 3 ); H₂L=cyclobutane‐1,1‐dicarboxylic acid) were synthesized by using a low molecular weight dicarboxylate ligand and characterized. Single‐crystal structure analysis showed that in complexes 1 – 3 lanthanide centers are connected by μ₃‐bridging cyclobutanedicarboxylate ligands along the c axis to form a rod‐shaped infinite 1D coordination chain, which is further linked with nearby chains by μ₄‐connected cyclobutanedicarboxylate ligands to form 2D CPs in the bc plane. Viewing the packing of the complexes down the b axis reveals that the lattice methanol molecules are located in the interlayer space between the adjacent 2D layers and form H‐bonds with lattice and coordinated water molecules to form 1D chains. Magnetic properties of complexes 1 – 3 were thoroughly investigated. Complex 1 exhibits dominant ferromagnetic interaction between two nearby gadolinium centers and also acts as a cryogenic magnetic refrigerant having a significant magnetic entropy change of ?ΔS_m=32.8 J kg^?1 K^?1 for ΔH=7 T at 4 K (calculated from isothermal magnetization data). Complex 3 shows slow relaxation of magnetization below 10 K. Impedance analysis revealed that the complexes show humidity‐dependent proton conductivity (σ=1.5×10^?5 S cm^?1 for 1 , σ=2.07×10^?4 S cm^?1 for 2 , and σ=1.1×10^?3 S cm^?1 for 3 ) at elevated temperature (>75 °C). They retain the conductivity for up to 10 h at high temperature and high humidity. Furthermore, the proton conductivity results were correlated with the number of water molecules from the water‐vapor adsorption measurements. Water‐vapor adsorption studies showed hysteretic and two‐step water vapor adsorption (182000 μL g^?1 for 1 , 184000 μL g^?1 for 2 , and 1874000 μL g^?1 for 3 ) in the experimental pressure range. Simulation of water‐vapor adsorption by the Monte Carlo method (for 1 ) confirmed the high density of adsorbed water molecules, preferentially in the interlayer space between the 2D layers.     

导电高聚物的分子设计问题

本文综述了导电高聚物分子设计的一些实验事实和必需考虑的因素。文章涉及的内容有分子性质与固体性质,共轭长度和链的取向与高电导的关系,对离子和离子交换,材料设计——溶解性、加工性和分子复合材料。     

Application of Conducting Polymers in Chemical Analysis

This paper presents recent achievements in the field of analytical application of conducting polymers, most of which were published in the last five years. Based on 171 references mainly to original papers in international scientific journals, the applications of conducting polymers in the design of electrochemical and optical sensors, enzymatic biosensors and immunosensors are reviewed together with applications in analytical preconcentration procedures and high-performance separation techniques.     

导电聚合物超级电容器电极材料

导电聚合物（聚苯胺,聚吡咯,聚噻吩）作为超级电容器电极材料的研究引起了人们广泛的兴趣,该类材料制备的超级电容器具有成本低、容量高、充放电时间短、环境友好和安全性高等优点。本文综述了近年来基于导电聚合物及其与无机材料（碳材料/金属氧化物材料）复合所得电极材料在超级电容器中的应用进展,指出具有纳米结构导电聚合物材料及导电聚合物与无机纳米材料的复合是超级电容器电极材料研究的重要发展方向。