Qualitative Properties of the Solution Set for Time-Delayed Discontinuous Dynamics

This article presents a survey of several properties of the set of solutions for a differential inclusion involving a time-delayed component and with right-hand side parametrized by either an upper semicontinuous or lower semicontinuous multifunction. Our results include: existence of solutions, compactness and contractibility of the solution and reachable sets in the upper semicontinuous case, precompactness and connectedness of the solution and reachable sets in the lower semicontinuous case, regularity of the solution and reachable mappings with respect to parameters, and existence of solutions for a dynamic optimization problem.

     

Replication invariance of bargaining solutions

This note is concerned with the behavior of bargaining solutions under replication of bargaining problems. A notion of replication, alternative to that studied by Kalai, is proposed, and it is shown that for both the Nash and Kalai-Smorodinsky solutions, the sum of what the agents of each type obtain in the replicated problem is equal to what the agent they are representing would obtain in the original problem under an application of the asymmetric generalization of the solution with weights proportional to the orders of replication of the different types. This similarity in behavior of the two solutions is in contrast with the conclusions reached by Kalai.     

Hamilton-Jacobi Equations with Discontinuous Source Terms

We study the initial-value problem for a Hamilton-Jacobi equation whose Hamiltonian is discontinuous with respect to state variables. Our motivation comes from a model describing the two dimensional nucleation in crystal growth phenomena. A typical equation has a semicontinuous source term. We introduce a new notion of viscosity solutions and prove among other results that the initial-value problem admits a unique global-in-time uniformly continuous solution for any bounded uniformly continuous initial data. We also give a representation formula of the solution as a value function by the optimal control theory with a semicontinuous running cost function.     

Nonsymmetric Nash solutions and replications of 2-person bargaining

A 2-person fixed threat bargaining problem is considered. A full characterization of the solutions which satisfy all of Nash's axioms except for the axiom of symmetry is given. It is also shown that these nonsymmetric Nash solutions are precisely the solutions that arise from symmetric Nash solutions through replications.     

Optimal Feedback Control in the Mathematical Model of Low Concentrated Aqueous Polymer Solutions

We consider the feedback control problem in the model of motion of low concentrated aqueous polymer solutions. We demonstrate the solvability of an approximating problem, using some a priori estimates and the topological degree theory. Then the convergence (in some generalized sense) of solutions of approximating problems to a solution of the given problem is proved. Moreover, we show the existence of a solution minimizing a given convex, lower semicontinuous functional.     

The Kalai-Smorodinsky bargaining solution with loss aversion

We consider bargaining problems under the assumption that players are loss averse, i.e., experience disutility from obtaining an outcome lower than some reference point. We follow the approach of Shalev (2002) by imposing the self-supporting condition on an outcome: an outcome z in a bargaining problem is self-supporting under a given bargaining solution, whenever transforming the problem using outcome z as a reference point, yields a transformed problem in which the solution is z.We show that n-player bargaining problems have a unique self-supporting outcome under the Kalai-Smorodinsky solution. For all possible loss aversion coefficients we determine the bargaining solutions that give exactly these outcomes, and characterize them by the standard axioms of Scale Invariance, Individual Monotonicity, and Strong Individual Rationality, and a new axiom called Proportional Concession Invariance (PCI). A bargaining solution satisfies PCI if moving the utopia point in the direction of the solution outcome does not change this outcome.     

Discrete Dirichlet boundary value problems with upper semicontinuous right-hand sides

This paper deals with the relationship between solutions of Dirichlet boundary value problems (BVPs) for second order systems of differential inclusions with upper semicontinuous right-hand sides and associated numerical discrete Dirichlet BVPs of second order difference inclusions. First, the existence and estimate of solutions to the discrete BVP is discussed uniformly with respect to the discrete step size. Then convergence of solutions of the numerical discrete BVP and the corresponding semicontinous BVP is studied. Related results are also mentioned which motivated our study of this problem.     

On a generalized proximal point method for solving equilibrium problems in Banach spaces

We introduce a regularized equilibrium problem in Banach spaces, involving generalized Bregman functions. For this regularized problem, we establish the existence and uniqueness of solutions. These regularizations yield a proximal-like method for solving equilibrium problems in Banach spaces. We prove that the proximal sequence is an asymptotically solving sequence when the dual space is uniformly convex. Moreover, we prove that all weak accumulation points are solutions if the equilibrium function is lower semicontinuous in its first variable. We prove, under additional assumptions, that the proximal sequence converges weakly to a solution.     

Optimal feedback control in the stationary mathematical model of low concentrated aqueous polymer solutions

In this article we will consider the feedback control problem in the stationary model of motion of low concentrated aqueous polymer solutions. We demonstrate the solvability of an approximating problem, using some a priori estimates and the topological degree theory. Then the convergence (in some generalized sense) of solutions of approximating problems to a solution of the given problem is proved. Moreover, we show the existence of a solution minimizing a given convex, lower semicontinuous functional.     

The price of fairness with the extended Perles–Maschler solution

In Nash bargaining problem, due to fairness concerns of players, instead of maximizing the sum of utilities of all players, an implementable solution should satisfy some axioms or characterizations. Such a solution can result in the so-called price of fairness, because of the reduction in the sum of utilities of all players. An important issue is to quantify the system efficiency loss under axiomatic solutions through the price of fairness. Based on Perles–Maschler solution of two-player Nash bargaining problem, this paper deals with the extended Perles–Maschler solution of multi-player Nash bargaining problem. We give lower bounds of three measures of the system efficiency for this solution, and show that the lower bounds are asymptotically tight.     

Continuous Function Characterizations of Stratifiable Spaces

The insertion of a continuous function between pairs of semicontinuous functions in a monotone manner is investigated. In particular, it is established that a topological space is stratifiable if and only if for every pair of semicontinuous functions......     

Continuous ε-selection theorems for almost lower semicontinuous multifunctions and applications

Continuous ε-selection theorems for almost lower semicontinuous multifunctions with decomposable values and some of their applications are presented. In particular, the existence of approximation solutions of differential inclusions with almost lower semicontinuous right-hand sides is obtained.     

Persistence of the bifurcation structure for a semilinear elliptic problem on thin domains

We study a semilinear elliptic problem on thin domains with a bifurcation parameter. It is shown that the set of solutions is upper semicontinuous as the thickness of a domain tends to 0, and that solution branches including bifurcation points persist near those of a one-dimensional limiting equation.     

Independence of irrelevant expansions

Nash characterized the only bargaining solution to satisfy a well-known list of axioms. Independence of Irrelevant Alternatives states invariance of the solution outcome under certain contractions of the bargaining problem. A dual of this axiom is proposed here, stating invariance under certainexpansions of the bargaining problem andNash's solution is characerized by substituting this axiom for IIA in Nash's original list. After a transposition from the domain of bargaining solutions to the domain of choice rules, and a weakening of Invariance with respect to Positive Affine Transformations toTranslation Invariance, this new list of axioms is shown to characterizeUtilitarian rules.     

Weak and Strong Convergence of Solutions to Accretive Operator Inclusions and Applications

Our purpose in this paper is to approximate solutions of accretive operators in Banach spaces. Motivated by Halpern's iteration and Mann's iteration, we prove weak and strong convergence theorems for resolvents of accretive operators. Using these results, we consider the convex minimization problem of finding a minimizer of a proper lower semicontinuous convex function and the variational problem of finding a solution of a variational inequality.     

Variational formulation of a damped Dirichlet impulsive problem

In this letter we introduce the concept of a weak solution for a damped linear equation with Dirichlet boundary conditions and impulses. We use the classical Lax–Milgram Theorem to reveal the variational structure of the problem and get the existence and uniqueness of weak solutions as critical points. This will allow us in the future to deal with the corresponding nonlinear problems and look for solutions as critical points of weakly lower semicontinuous functionals.     

二人谈判问题

本文避开了Nash谈判公理,根据实际情况建立了支付可转让和支付不可转让两类谈判问题模型,并通过引入谈判因子,给出了类似的谈判解.     

On bargaining position descriptions in non-transferable utility games

We present a generalization to the Harsanyi solution for non-transferable utility (NTU) games based on non-symmetry among the players. Our notion of non-symmetry is presented by a configuration of weights which correspond to players' relative bargaining power in various coalitions. We show not only that our solution (i.e., the bargaining position solution) generalizes the Harsanyi solution, (and thus also the Shapley value), but also that almost all the non-symmetric generalizations of the Shapley value for transferable utility games known in the literature are in fact bargaining position solutions. We also show that the non-symmetric Nash solution for the bargaining problem is also a special case of our general solution. We use our general representation of non-symmetry to make a detailed comparison of all the recent extensions of the Shapley value using both a direct and an axiomatic approach.     

An optimal control problem with feedback for a mathematical model of the motion of weakly concentrated water polymer solutions with objective derivative

We study a problem with feedback for a mathematical model of the motion of weakly concentrated water polymer solutions with smoothed Jaumann objective derivative. We prove the existence of an optimal solution yielding the minimum of a specified bounded lower semicontinuous quality functional. To establish the existence of an optimal solution, we use the topological approximation method for studying problems of hydrodynamics.