Cobalt(II) Complexes of 4,6-Dimethylpyrimidine-2(1H)-one

Some cobalt(II) complexes of 4,6-dimethylpyrimidine-2(1H)-one (HL) have been prepared and studied by infrared and electronic spectra and by magneto-chemical and conductometric measurements. The ligand is coordinated through the unprotonated ring-nitrogen atom and in one case also through the carbonylic oxygen atom. The “blue” complexes [CoX₂ · 2HL] (X₂ = Cl₂, ClBr, Br₂, (NCS)₂) and [CoX₂ · 2HL] · 2HL (X = Cl, Br) have a distorted C_2v [CoX₂N₂] coordination; the thiocyanate ion is N-bonded to the metal. The “green” complexes CoX₂ · 2HL (X = Cl(4H₂O), Br) have a square-pyramidal [CoX₂N₂O] coordination. The “pink” CoX₂ · 4HL · nH₂O (X = ClO₄, n = 2; X = BF₄, n = 8; X = F₃Ac, n = 4) and “cream” CoX₂ · 4HL · 6 H₂O (X = I, ClO₄) complexes have an octahedral coordination; only the F₃Ac^? ion is coordinated. The “cyclamen” CoAcL · 2HL · 2 H₂O and Co₃Ac₄L₂ · 2HL · 2H₂O complexes have a polynuclear constitution; the Ac^? ion behaves as bidentate ligand.     

Cobalt(I) and cobalt(III) derivatives from the reactions of phosphine ligands with cobalt(II) salts containing low-coordinating anions

Complexes of the type [Co(CO)_n(P)_5?n]ClO₄, [CoH₂(P)₄]ClO₄, [CoH(P)₅](ClO₄)₂ and [CoHX(F)₄]ClO₄ (P = secondary or tertiary phosphine) have been prepared from Co(ClO₄)₂·6 H₂O and phosphine in isopropyl alcohol.     

Thermal decomposition of Cu(II) complexes with salicylaldehyde S-methyl thiosemicarbazone

The thermal decomposition of copper(II) complexes with salicylaldehyde S-methylthiosemicarbazone of general formula Cu(HL)X·nH₂O (X=Py+NO₃, NCS, 0.5SO₄) and [Cu(L)NH₃]·H₂O was investigated in air atmosphere in the interval from room temperature to 1000°C. Decomposition of the complexes occurred in several successive endothermic and exothermic processes, and the residue was in all cases CuO.     

Mixtures obtained by reacting trans-(±)-1,2-diaminocyclohexane with acetylacetone in the presence of simple cobalt(II) salts

In the absence of a metal ion, racemic trans-1,2-diaminocyclohexane (trans-(±)DCH) reacts with acetylacetone (acacH) (1:2.5 mole ratio) to form the bisoxoenamine condensation product, boe (1). CoCl₂·6H₂O and Co(ClO₄)₂·6H₂O each react with trans-(±)DCH in air to give complexes containing the oxidised Co(III) ion, [Co((±)DCH)₃]³⁺, which does not subsequently react with added acacH to give a Schiff base complex. Mixtures of complexes are obtained from one-pot reactions involving trans-(±)DCH, a simple Co(II) salt and acacH (1:1:2.5 mole ratio). When CoCl₂·6H₂O is used, the mixed-ligand Co(II) complex [Co((±)DCH)Cl₂] (4) precipitates first and, after a period of weeks, the Co(II) complex (diazH)₂[CoCl₄] (5) (diazH⁺ is a diazepinium cation), the Co(II) complex [Co(boe)Cl₂]_n (6) and the Co(III) complex [Co(acac)₃] (7), co-crystallise from the mother liquor. Using Co(ClO₄)₂·6H₂O in the reaction with trans-(±)DCH and acacH also gives a mixture of products. Complexes 7, the Co(II) complex [Co₂(acac)₄(H₂O)₂][Co(acac)(H₂O)₄]ClO₄·EtOH (8) and the Co(III) complex [Co(acac)₂(±)DCH]ClO₄ (9) co-crystallise. Complexes 1, 5, 7, 8 and 9 were characterised using X-ray crystallography. The major difference between using CoCl₂·6H₂O and Co(ClO₄)₂·6H₂O in reactions involving (±)DCH and acacH is that no DCH/acacH condensation products are identified in the product mixtures when the perchlorate salt is employed.     

Synthesis, crystal structures and antibacterial activities of schiff base ligand and its cobalt(II) complex

The Schiff base ligand, HL · 0.5C₂H₅OH (HL = methyl N-[(4-chlorophenyl)(3-methyl-5-oxo-1-phenyl-4,5-dihydro-1H-pyrazol-4-ylindene)methyl]valine), was derived from condensation of 1-phenyl-3-methyl-4-(p-chlorbenzyl)-5-pyrazolone with L-valine methyl ester in a 1: 1 molar ratio in methanol, ether and isopropanol solution. Reaction of ligand with Co(ClO₄)₂ · 6H₂O (in a 2: 1 molar ratio) in methanol solution afforded a mononuclear cobalt(II) complex, [Co(L)₂] (I). Molecular structures of HL · 0.5C₂H₅OH and complex I were characterized by elemental analysis, IR and single crystal X-ray diffraction analysis. The enamine-keto form of the ligand has turned to imine form in complex I. Each Co(II) center in complex I is in a octahedral N₂O₄ coordination sphere. Both the Schiff base ligand and its Co(II) complex have been tested in vitro with agar dilution method to evaluate their antibacterial activity against bacteria Escherichia coli and Staphylococcus aureus. It has been found that they have higher activity against Escherichia coli than Staphylococcus aureus, and complex I has higher activity than HL · 0.5C₂H₅OH against the same bacteria.     

Synthesis and selected reactions of pentakis ( t -octylisocyanide)cobalt(II) complexes

The ligand 1,1,3,3-tetramethylbutylisocyanide, CNCMe₂CH₂CMe₃, i.e. t-octylisocyanide, with Co(ClO₄)₂ · 6H₂O or Co(BF₄)₂ · 6H₂O in ethanol, produces pentakis(alkylisocyanide)cobalt(II) complexes, [Co(CNC₈H₁₇-t)₅](ClO₄)₂ (1) and [Co(CNC₈H₁₇-t)₅](BF₄)₂ · 2.0H₂O (2). These Co(II) complexes undergo reduction/substitution upon reaction with trialkylphosphine ligands to produce [Co(CNC₈H₁₇-t)₃{P(C₄H₉-n)₃}₂]ClO₄ (3), [Co(CNC₈H₁₇-t)₃{P(C₄H₉-n)₃}₂]BF₄ (4), and [Co(CNC₈H₁₇-t)₃{P(C₃H₇-n)₃}₂]ClO₄ (5). Complex 3 is oxidized with AgClO₄ to produce [Co(CNC₈H₁₇-t)₃{P(C₄H₉-n)₃}₂](ClO₄)₂ (6). Complex 1 yields [Co(CNC₈H₁₇-t)₄py₂](ClO₄)₂ (7) upon dissolving in pyridine. Reactions with triarylphosphine and triphenylarsine ligands were unsatisfactory. The chemistry of 1 and 2 is therefore more similar to that of Co(II) complexes with CNCMe₃ than with CNCHMe₂, other alkylisocyanides, or arylisocyanides, but shows some behavior dissimilar to any known Co(II) complexes of alkylisocyanides or arylisocyanides. Infrared and electronic spectra, magnetic susceptibility, molar conductivities, and cyclic voltammetry are reported and compared with known complexes. ¹H, ¹³C, and ³¹P NMR data were also measured for the diamagnetic complexes 3, 4, and 5.     

Cationic cobalt(I) carbonyl complexes containing secondary or tertiary phosphines. A direct synthesis from cobalt(II) salts

Cobalt(I) carbonyl complexes of formula [Co(CO)_n(P)_5?n]ClO₄ (n = 1, 2, 3; P = secondary or tertiary phosphine) have been prepared by reaction of CO under ambient conditions with Co(ClO₄)₂ · 6H₂O and phosphine in isopropyl alcohol. The chemical and spectroscopic properties of these complexes are described and the stoichiometry and mechanism of the carbonylation reaction discussed.     

Novel 2-formylpyridine 4-allyl-S-methylisothiosemicarbazone and Zn(II), Cu(II), Ni(II) and Co(III) complexes: Synthesis,characterization, crystal structure,antioxidant, antimicrobial and antiproliferative activity

New zinc (II), copper (II), nickel (II) and cobalt (III) complexes, [Zn (HL)₂]I₂ (1) , [Cu (HL)Cl₂] (2) , [Cu (HL)Br₂] (3) , [Cu (HL)(H₂O)₂](ClO₄)₂ (4) , [Ni (HL)₂]I₂·H₂O (5) , [Co(L)₂]Cl (6) , [Co(L)₂]NO₃ (7) , [Co(L)₂]I·[Co(L)₂](I₃) (8) were obtained with 2-formylpyridine 4-allyl-S-methylisothiosemicarbazone ( HL ). The isothiosemicarbazone ligand was characterized by NMR (¹H and ¹³C), IR spectroscopy and X-ray diffraction. All the complexes were characterized by elemental analysis, IR, UV–Vis, ESI-MS spectroscopy, molar conductivity, magnetic susceptibility measurements. X-ray diffraction analysis on the monocrystal and powder elucidated the structure of the complexes 1 , 5 , 7 and 8 . The ligand and the complexes were tested for their antioxidant and antimicrobial activity against Staphylococcus aureus, Escherichia coli, Klebsiella pneumoniae and Candida albicans. Also, the antiproliferative properties of these compounds on human leukemia HL-60, human cervical epithelial HeLa, human epithelial pancreatic adenocarcinoma BxPC-3, human muscle rhabdomyosarcoma spindle, large multinucleated RD cells and normal MDCK cells have been investigated. The nickel complex 5 and cobalt complexes 6 , 7 showed promising antiproliferative activity and low toxicity.     

Copper(II) coordination compounds with 8-quinolinaldehyde semicarbazone: Synthesis and structure

A series of compounds of the general formula Cu(HL)X₂ · nH₂O (compound I, X = ClO₄, n = 3; compound II, X = NO₃, n = 2; compound III, X = Cl, n = 0.5; compound IV, X = 1/2SO₄, n = 0) is isolated by the reactions of the copper(II) salts with quinolinaldehyde semicarbazone (HL). Regardless of the reactant ratio, only the compounds with a metal to ligand mole ratio of 1: 1 are formed, where the organic reactant is coordinated in the molecular form. The X-ray diffraction analyses of the [Cu(HL)(NO₃)(H₂O)](NO₃) · H₂O (II) and [Cu(HL)Cl₂] · 0.5H₂O(III) compounds show their substantially different organizations of the molecular structures depending on the specifics of the acido ligand. An ionic structure with one NO ₃ ^? anion incorporated into the inner coordination sphere of the metal as a bidentate chelate ligand is observed in compound II. Molecular tetragonal pyramidal complexes associated into a dimer due to the bridging function of one coordinated Cl^? anion are formed in structure III. The coordination polyhedron of the copper atom in structures II and III is an asymmetrically extended tetragonal bipyramid. The CuClCu angle equal to 90° and the distance between two planes in compound III equal to 2.978 Å determine the insignificant antiferromagnetic interaction in this compound (g = 2.1, J = ?2.5 cm^?1).     

Synthesis and structure of new copper(II) coordination compounds with 8-quinoline aldehyde semicarbazones and thiosemicarbazones

Copper(II) salts were reacted with various quinoline aldehyde chalcogensemicarbazones to yield compounds formulated as Cu(HL)X₂ · nH₂O (I: HL = quinoline aldehyde thiosemicarbazone (HL¹), X = ClO₄, n = 2; II: HL = quinoline aldehyde 4-C₂H₅-thiosemicarbazone (HL^1a), X = NO₃, n = 0; III: HL = quinoline aldehyde semicarbazone (HL²), X = ClO₄, n = 3 and IV: HL = quinoline aldehyde 4-Ph-semicarbazone (HL^2a), X = NO₃, n = 1). Regardless of the reagent ratio, the products were compounds having the metal: ligand ratio of 1: 1, where the organic ligand was coordinated tridentate in a molecular form. Single-crystal X-ray diffraction showed that, depending on the chalcogen atom in the organic ligand (S or O), the substituent in the 4th position (at the terminal nitrogen atom), and the specifics of the acido ligand, complexes I–IV had appreciably differing molecular structure organizations. The structures of I and III are formed by a 1D charged coordination polymer, ClO ₄ ^? anions, and water molecules and may be described by the formula [Cu(HL)(H₂O)(ClO₄)] _n (ClO₄) _n · nH₂O. Copper(II) coordination polyhedra in I and II are (4 + 2) and (4 + 1 + 1) tetragonal bipyramids, respectively. In II and IV, the structures are monomeric and can be described as [Cu(HL^1a)(NO₃)₂] with the metal coordination polyhedron shaped as a (4 + 1) tetragonal pyramid in II and as [Cu(HL^2a)(H₂O)(NO₃)](NO₃) with the metal coordination polyhedron shaped as a (3 + 2) trigonal bipyramid in IV. The structure of II is built of molecular complexes, each comprising, apart from ligand HL^1a, two monodentate coordinated NO ₃ ^? groups. The oxygen atom of one anion together with the NNS donor atom set of ligand HL^1a form the base, and the oxygen atom of the other anion is in the apex of the coordination polyhedron. In IV, the structure is ionic and built of NO ₃ ^? anions and [Cu(HL^2a)(H₂O)(NO₃)]⁺ complex cations, where a cationic coordination polyhedron has a trigonal-bipyramidal configuration with organic ligand HL^2a positioned along the long edge. The bipyramidal base is made up by the oxygen atoms of the coordinated water molecule and monodentate nitrato group and the nitrogen atom N2 of the azomethyne group.     

Metal complexes of omeprazole. Preparation,spectroscopic and thermal characterization and biological activity

Metal complexes of omeprazole (OPZ) are prepared and characterized based on elemental analyses, IR, diffuse reflectance, magnetic moment, molar conductance and thermal analyses (TGA and DTA) techniques. From the elemental analyses, the complexes have the general formula [M(L)₂]X _n [where M = Cr(III) (X = Cl, n = 3), Ni(II) (X = ClO₄, n = 2) and Zn(II) (X = Cl, n = 2)], and [M(L)₂(H₂O)₂]X _n · yH₂O (where M = Fe(III) (X = Cl, n = 3, y = 0), Co(II) (X = Cl or ClO₄, n = 2, y = 0–4) and Ni(II) (X = Cl, n = 2, y = 4) and [Cu(L)₂]Cl₂ · H₂O. The molar conductance data reveal that all the metal chelates are 3 : 1 electrolytes (for Cr(III) and Fe(III) complexes) and 2 : 1 (for the remaining complexes). IR spectra show that OPZ coordinates to the metal ions as neutral bidentate with ON donor sites of the pyridine–N and sulphone-O. The magnetic and solid reflectance spectra indicate octahedral (FeCl₃, CoCl₂, CoClO₄ and NiCl₂), square planar [Cu(II)] and tetrahedral [Mn(II), Cr(III), NiClO₄ and Zn(II)] structures. The thermal behavior of these chelates using thermogravimetric and differential thermal analyses (TGA and DTA) techniques indicate the hydrated complexes lose water of hydration followed immediately by decomposition of the anions and ligand molecules in the successive overlapping OPZ and its metal complexes are screened for antibacterial activity against Escherichia coli, Staphylococcus aureus, Aspergillus flavus and fungi (Candida albicans). The activity data show the metal complexes to be more potent/antibacterial than the parent OPZ ligand against one or more bacterial species.     

Cytotoxic activity of iron(III), cobalt(III), nickel(II), zinc(II), and cadmium(II) complexes of 2-acetylpyrazine thiosemicarbazone: crystal structure of the cobalt(III) complex

Transition metal complexes [Fe(HL)₂]Cl₃ ? 1.5H₂O (1), [Co(L)₂] ? ClO₄ ? H₂O (2), Ni(HL)₂(ClO₄)₂ ? 2H₂O (3), Zn(HL)L ? BF₄ ? 2H₂O (4), and Cd(HL)₂(ClO₄)₂ ? 2H₂O (5), where HL = C₇H₉N₅S, 2-acetylpyrazine thiosemicarbazone, have been synthesized. Complex 2 was characterized by elemental analysis, infrared spectra, mass spectra, and single-crystal X-ray diffraction. Preliminary in vitro screening showed that 1, 4, and 5 exhibit higher antitumor activity than 2 and 3 against K562 leucocythemia cancer cell line.     

Synthesis, characterization and structures of copper(II) complexes containing carboxylate and sulfonate groups

Four copper(II) complexes containing Schiff base and reduced Schiff base ligands derived from pyridine-2-aldehyde and amino acid containing carboxylate and sulfonate functional groups (N-(2-pyridylmethylene)-amino acid and N-(2-pyridylmethyl)-amino acid, (amino acids = ??-alanine and aminoethanesulfonic acid) namely, [Cu(Pbals)(H₂O)₂]ClO₄·H₂O 1, [Cu(Pbal)(ClO₄)(H₂O)] 2, [Cu₂(Paes)₂(ClO₄)₂]·2H₂O 3, and [Cu(Pae)(H₂O)]·ClO₄·H₂O 4 have been synthesized and characterized. The structural features of carboxylate and sulfonate donor groups have been elucidated. These copper(II) complexes demonstrate different coordination behaviour of the carboxylate and sulfonate groups. Carboxylate groups in complexes 1 and 2 bridge the metal centers and facilitate the formation of 1D helical coordination polymeric structures. In compound 3, the sulfonate groups bridge the metal centers to form a discrete dinuclear complex. In 4, the sulfonate groups link the neighbouring metal centers to form a 1D coordination polymeric structure.     

Coordination compounds of cobalt, nickel, copper and zinc with thiosemicarbazone and 3-phenylpropenal semicarbazone

Hydrates of 3-phenylpropenal thiosemicarbazone (HL·H₂O) and semicarbazone (HL′·H₂O) react in methanol with cobalt, nickel, copper, and zinc chlorides, nitrates, and acetates to form coordination compounds MX₂·2HL·nSolv [M = Co, Ni, Cu, Zn; X = Cl, NO₃; HL = C₆H₅CH=CH-CH=N-NHC(O)NH₂; n = 0–3; Solv = H₂O, CH₃OH], CuX₂·HL·nH₂O [M = Ni, Cu; n = 0, 1], ML₂·nH₂O and ML′·nH₂O [M = Co, Ni, Zn; HL′ = C₆H₅CH=CH-CH=N-NHC(O)NH₂; n = 0–3]. In the presence of amines (A = C₅H₅N, 2-CH₃C₅H₄N, 3-CH₃C₅H₄N, and 4-CH₃C₅H₄N) these reactions yield the complexes Cu(A)LCl·CH₃OH and M(A)LX·nH₂O [M = Cu, Ni; X = Cl, NO₃; n = 0–2]. The copper complexes with the amine ligands are of polynuclear structure, and other complexes are monomeric. Carbazones (HL and HL′) are included in the complexes as bidentate N,S-and N,O-ligands. The thermolysis of the complexes involves the stages of removing solvent crystallization molecules (70–90°C), deaquation (150–170°C), and full thermal decomposition (500–580°C).     

Double complex salts [M(NH3)5Cl][M′Br4] (M = Rh, Ir, Co, Cr, Ru; M′ = Pt, Pd): Synthesis, x-ray diffraction characterization, and thermal properties

Double complex salts (DCSs) with [M(NH₃)₅Cl]²⁺ (M = Rh, Ir, Co, Cr, Ru) cations and [PtBr₄]^2? anions were prepared in high yields. The salts were two-phase mixtures of the anhydrous and monohydro DCSs. Anhydrous analogues containing [PdBr₄]^2? anions with M = Cr or Ru were synthesized. All the compounds were characterized using a set of physicochemical methods. The crystal structure of chloropentaamminechromium(III) tetrabromopalladate(II) was solved: space group Pnma, Z = 4, a = 17.068(2) Å, b = 8.315(12) Å, c = 9.653(14) Å. The [M(NH₃)₅Cl][M′X₄] (M = Rh, Ir, Co, Cr, Ru; M′ = Pd, Pt; X = Cl, Br) compounds were shown to be isostructural. The [M(NH₃)₅Cl][PtBr₄] · H₂O monohydrates are isostructural to the [M(NH₃)₅Cl][PdCl₄] · H₂O monohydrates (space group P2₁/c, z = 4). The properties of the compounds were comparatively analyzed. The tendencies of the thermal stability of the complexes were elucidated. The thermolysis products of the double complex salts obtained under a helium or hydrogen atmosphere were studied.     

pH-dependent Co(II) assemblies from achiral 2-benzothiazolylthioacetic acid: crystal structures,symmetry breaking,and magnetic properties

Based on an achiral 2-benzothiazolylthioacetic acid (HL) ligand, three Co(II) coordination compounds, {[Co(L)₂(H₂O)₃]·H₂O}_n (1), [Co(L)₂(H₂O)₂]_n (2), and [Co(L)₂(H₂O)₄]·2H₂O (3), were obtained under different pH environments. Compound 1 possessing an interesting chiral 1-D helical double chain was synthesized with pH of 5.0~6.5, and the chiral symmetry breaking has been probed by single-crystal X-ray diffraction and circular dichroism spectroscopy. Switching pH to 4.0~5.0 and 3.0~4.0 resulted in achiral 2 and 3, respectively. Compound 2 has a 1-D chain structure and 3 is mononuclear.     

The nature of spin-state transitions in Fe(II) complexes

The nature of the spin-state transition for three complexes of Fe(II), namely [Fe(phy)₂] (ClO₄)₂, [Fe(phy)₂] (BF₄)₂ and [Fe(bts)₂(NCS)₂] (where phy = 1,10-phenantroline-2-carbaldehyde phenyihydrazone and bts = 2.2′-bi-5-methyl-2-thiazoline) has been investigated by differential scanning calorimetry. For [Fe(phy)₂] (ClO₄)₂ and [Fe(phy)₂] (BF₄)₂, the spin transition is essentially of first order with ΔH = 15.7 ± 1. ΔS = 64 ± 4 and ΔH = 24.2 = 1kJ/mole. ΔS = 86 ± 5 J mol^?1 K^?1, respectively. For [Fe(bts)₂(NCS)₂] the DSC studies do not suggest a first-order transition. The observations conform to the conclusions drawn from previous studies. The relevance of ΔH and ΔS derived from ln K versus l/T plots is discussed.     

Syntheses,crystal structures and antibacterial activities of M(II) benzene-1,2,3-triyltris(oxy)triacetic acid complexes

Four metal(II) complexes with benzene-1,2,3-triyltris(oxy)triacetic acid (H₃L), {[Co_1.5(L)(H₂O)₆]·6H₂O}_n (1), {[Co_1.5(L)(4,4′-bipy)_1.5(H₂O)₄]·4H₂O}_n (2), {[Co(HL)(2,2′-bipy)(H₂O)₂]·1.5H₂O}_n (3), and {[Cu(HL)(phen)(H₂O)₂]·H₂O}_n (4) (4,4′-bipy = 4,4′-bipyridine; 2,2′-bipy = 2,2′-bipyridine; phen = phenanthroline), were prepared and structurally characterized. Complex 2 displays a 1-D structure, while 1, 3, and 4 reveal 0-D structures, which further extend to 3-D supramolecular networks by hydrogen bonding interactions, of which 1 and 4 contain double-helical chains, 2 includes meso-helices, and 3 comprises single-helices. Furthermore, the thermal stabilities and antibacterial activities of the complexes were studied.     

Synthesis,structural, spectroscopic,biological and catalytic activity of Co(II), Ni(II) and Cu(II) complexes of benzilic hydrazide (BH)

Co(II), Ni(II) and Cu(II) chloro complexes of benzilic hydrazide (BH) have been synthesized. Also, reaction of the ligand (BH) with several copper(II) salts, including NO₃ ^?, AcO^?, and SO₄ ^? afforded metal complexes of the general formula [CuLX(H₂O) _n ]·nH₂O, where X is the anion and n = 0, 1 or 2. The newly synthesized complexes were characterized by elemental analysis, mass spectra, molar conductance, UV–vis, IR spectra, magnetic moment, and thermal analysis (TG/DTG). The physico-chemical studies support that the ligand acts as monobasic bidentate towards metal ion through the carbonyl and hydroxyl oxygen atoms. The spectral data revealed that the geometrical structure of the complexes is square planar for Cu (II) complexes and tetrahedral for Co(II) and Ni(II) complexes. Structural parameters of the ligand and its complexes have been calculated. The ligand and its metal complexes are screened for their antimicrobial activity. The catalytic activities of the metal chelates have been studied towards the oxidative decolorization of AB25, IC and AB92 dyes using H₂O₂. The catalytic activity is strongly dependent on the type of the metal ion and the anion of Cu(II) complexes.     

Synthesis and crystal structure of aqua(2.2.2-cryptand)(perchlorato-O)lead(II) diaqua(2.2.2-cryptand)lead(II) tris(perchlorate)

A mixed complex aqua(2.2.2-cryptand)(perchlorato-O)lead(II) diaqua(2.2.2-cryptand)lead(II) tris(perchlorate), [Pb(2.2.2-Crypt)(CIO₄)(H₂O)]⁺ [Pb(2.2.2-Crypt)(H₂O)₂]²⁺ (ClO ₄ ^? )₃, is synthesized and studied by X-ray diffraction analysis. The crystals are orthorhombic: space group Pbca, a = 19.118 Å, b = 15.360 Å, c = 39.020 Å, Z = 8. The structure is solved by a direct method and refined by the full-matrix least-squares method in the anisotropic approximation to R = 0.089 for 7712 reflections (CAD-4 automated diffractometer, λMoK _α radiation). In each of the two complex cations of the host-guest type in the structure, the Pb²⁺ cation is coordinated by all the eight heteroatoms (6O + 2N) of the cryptand ligand and by two O atoms of the water molecule and ClO ₄ ^? anion or by two O atoms of two water molecules. In the crystal, alternating complex cations and ClO ₄ ^? anions are linked into infinite chains (along the z axis) through interionic hydrogen bonds O-H···O-Cl.