基于高分子软物质特性构建嵌段共聚物的非平衡相

利用高分子的弱影响强响应、熵致相变和多分散等软物质特性,以嵌段共聚物为例介绍了高分子非平衡相构建的研究结果:实现了特定化学组成的嵌段共聚物显示出多种有序相形貌,讨论了不依赖于嵌段组成的非平衡相的形成原因及演变规律.期望单一组成的高分子构成的多样性有序相结构能经济地满足高分子材料的多需求性.     

小分子与高分子混合凝胶研究进展

凝胶作为一种半固态的软物质材料近年来得到很多关注。高分子和小分子都可以作为凝胶的胶凝剂,但是由于在形成过程中两者形成的结构交联与否对形成的凝胶影响很大,表现出了明显的不同。而小分子高分子混合凝胶能整合两者的优势,使混合凝胶兼具小分子凝胶的刺激响应性和高分子凝胶的力学性能。本文从高分子凝胶与小分子凝胶的差异化和互补性方面入手,总结了小分子和高分子的混合凝胶的研究进展。     

端基对超支化高分子性质影响的研究

对端羟基脂肪族超支化高分子的端基进行了乙酰化和硅烷化改性，研究了不同端基对超支化高分子的玻璃化温度，折光指数增量以及特性粘度的影响。结果表明，端基的极性减小使超支化高分子的玻璃化温度降低，不同端基的超支化高分子的折光指数增量也有很大差异，而强极性的端基使超支化高分子在溶液中易产生团聚作用。由于端基在超支化高分子中所占比重较大，端基是影响超支化高分子性质的重要因素。     

高分子表面环境响应的应用

高分子表面具有环境响应性，利用此特性可设计新型表面功能材料。本文叙述了高分子表面环境响应性应用的进展。     

聚对甲苯胺修饰电极的研制及其PH特性的研究

本文叙述了聚对甲苯胺修饰电极的制备及其电化学响应特性。在ＰＨ２－１３范围内电极电位与ＰＨ有良好的线性关系，电极响应应快，导电性能良好，抗干扰性能强，不受氧化还原物物质影响。用于测定饮料、湖水的ＰＨ值，结果与玻璃电极测定值基本相符。     

基于光响应高分子材料的柔性执行器件

光响应高分子材料是指吸收光能后,能够在分子内或分子间产生化学或物理变化的一类功能高分子材料.伴随着分子结构与形态的改变,材料表现出某些宏观性质的变化,如在光刺激下发生形状、颜色或者折射率的变化等.光能具有环保性、远程可控性、瞬时性等优异的特性,因此光响应性高分子材料受到了越来越多的关注.通过合理的设计,光响应高分子材料...     

高分子间相互作用的特点及意义

高分子间的相互作用与小分子间的相互作用有着显著的区别，导致高分子物质在凝聚态结构和诸多性能上明显地有别于小分子物质。本文就如下七个方面：特别强的高分子间相互作用、特殊的高聚物溶解过程、马克三角形原理、特征温度、特有的单链凝聚态、凝聚缠结和超分子体系来讨论高分子间相互作用的重要性及其对高聚物的结构和性能的影响。     

超临界流体(SCF)技术进展

超临界流体因其表现出的特殊的物质溶解性，且这些特性在临界点附近因温度和压力的微小变化可发生较大的变化，故被用作物质的良溶剂而广泛地应用于萃取，ＲＥＳＳ、ＳＡＳ过程和超临界高分子合成过程中。     

苯乙烯/马来酸酐共聚物智能水凝胶的制备与性能

合成了苯乙烯/马来酸酐共聚物接枝聚乙二醇400(PEG400)水凝胶.研究了环境pH、温度、离子强度对该凝胶溶涨性能的影响,并对凝胶的动态溶涨行为进行了分析.结果显示该水凝胶对环境pH、温度、离子强度等变化均作出体积相转变响应,表现出了智能高分子凝胶的特性.     

小角中子散射技术及其在大分子结构表征中的应用

小角中子散射(SANS)是一种表征从纳米到微米尺寸物质特征结构的有力工具,配合中子的强穿透性和同位素辨识等特性,在软物质大分子结构表征方面发挥着独特的作用.随着中国散裂中子源(CSNS)在2018年正式对外接受机时申请,国内SANS用户群逐年扩大.本文首先简要介绍小角中子散射技术的基本原理、谱仪结构和实验技巧,然后紧扣小角谱仪的特点和方法学方面的最新进展,介绍小角中子散射在高分子溶液、高分子共混物和复合材料、高分子结晶、凝胶、多孔材料、生物大分子等研究领域的结构表征方面的典型应用.小角中子散射和其他表征手段,如小角X射线散射(SAXS)相互紧密配合和补充,成为连接大分子内部多相多尺度的微观结构和宏观性的桥梁.     

关于高分子凝聚态物理学范式的思考

每门成熟科学必然都存在一个范式,体现该门学科特殊的内在结构、基本理论框架,界定研究范围.但迄今为止,发展迅猛的高分子凝聚态物理学的范式尚未形成.本文梳理、总结了近二、三十年来高分子凝聚态物理学的重要成果,阐述并强调了软凝聚态物质、自相似、分形、标度律、关联效应、溶致凝聚、熵致相变、布朗运动、多体效应和对称破缺等基本概念及其意义,指出探究和凝练高分子凝聚态物理学的范式是摆在当前高分子物理学家面前亟待解决的问题.     

超分子构筑调控合成结构规整的梯形聚合物及其应用研究

综述了"超分子构筑调控的逐步偶联/聚合法",该方法将高分子化学与超分子化学相结合,利用多种类型的超分子弱键协同作用首先构筑预期的梯形超分子结构,再经聚合得到共价键梯形高分子.利用该方法合成了一系列结构规整的氧桥基和有机桥基梯形聚硅氧烷以及碳基梯形聚酯,并利用侧基间π-π叠加作用实现了对聚合物立体构型控制.扼要介绍了梯形聚合物在先进材料方面的应用,例如梯形聚硅氧烷液晶光致取向膜;由梯形聚硅氧烷合成的管状聚硅氧烷在高室温储存期微电子环氧塑封料方面的应用;以及基于梯形聚硅氧烷的拟筛板聚合物在二阶非线性光学材料方面的应用等.     

Nanoscopic Visualization of Cross‐Linking Density in Polymer Networks with Diarylethene Photoswitches

The in situ nanoscopic imaging of soft matter polymer structures is of importance to gain knowledge of the relationship between structure, properties, and functionality on the nanoscopic scale. Cross‐linking of polymer chains effects the viscoelastic properties of gels. The correlation of mechanical properties with the distribution and amount of cross‐linkers is relevant for applications and for a detailed understanding of polymers on the molecular scale. We introduce a super‐resolution fluorescence‐microscopy‐based method for visualizing and quantifying cross‐linker points in polymer systems. A novel diarylethene‐based photoswitch with a highly fluorescent closed and a non‐fluorescent open form is used as a photoswitchable cross‐linker in a polymer network. As an example for its capability to nanoscopically visualize cross‐linking, we investigate pNIPAM microgels as a system known with variations in internal cross‐linking density.     

Chemically specific coarse-graining of polymers: Methods and prospects

Coarse-grained (CG) modeling is an invaluable tool for the study of polymers and other soft matter systems due to the span of spatiotemporal scales that typify their physics and behavior. Given continuing advancements in experimental synthesis and characterization of such systems, there is ever greater need to leverage and expand CG capabilities to simulate diverse soft matter systems with chemical specificity. In this review, we discuss essential modeling techniques, bottom-up coarse-graining methodologies, and outstanding challenges for the chemically specific CG modeling of polymer-based systems. This methodologically oriented discussion is complemented by representative literature examples for polymer simulation; we also offer some advisory practical considerations that should be useful for new researchers. Given its growing importance in the modeling and polymer science community, we further highlight some recent applications of machine learning that enhance CG modeling strategies. Overall, this review provides comprehensive discussion of methods and prospects for the chemically specific coarse-graining of polymers.     

基于环糊精的高度支化聚合物*

环糊精（CD）与高度支化聚合物都存在空腔结构,若将两者结合起来可构筑出含有两种不同疏水空腔且具有特异物理化学功能的高分子体系,并有望在分子包合与识别、药物控释、基因传输等领域得到新的应用。本文根据高度支化聚合物与环糊精结合方式的不同,从以环糊精为核的高度支化聚合物、外端悬挂环糊精的高度支化聚合物、高度支化聚合物的结构单元与环糊精包合、环糊精与客体分子包合后自组装成高度支化聚合物,以及用功能化的环糊精单体合成超支化聚合物等5个方面对其研究进展进行了总结和评述,并在此基础上展望了该类聚合物的研究方向和发展趋势。     

多相聚合物体系相界面研究进展

综述了多相聚合物体系相界面的形成、界面层状态的表征、界面层性质及其对体系性能的影响。重点论述了不同类型增容剂对界面行为的影响，其中对嵌段型增容剂的分子量、浓度等因素对界面行为的影响建立了定量关系；而对接枝型和无规增容剂对界面行为的影响研究较少，有待发展。指出了在界面张力、界面层厚度与多相聚合物体系性能，尤其是力学性能之间建立量化关系是高分子物理领域一个可以期待的发展方向。     

Light scattering near and from interfaces using evanescent wave and ellipsometric light scattering

The broad range of interface light scattering investigations in recent years shows the power and the versatility of these techniques to address new and open questions in colloid and interface science and the soft condensed matter field. Structural information for polymers, liquid crystals, or colloids close to planar or spherical colloidal interfaces are either captured with long range light scattering resolution, or in a complementary approach by high resolution ellipsometric techniques. Of special interest is the dynamic behavior close to or in interfaces, since it determines material properties and responses to external fields. Due to the broad dynamical range and the high scattering contrast for visible light, interface light scattering is a key to elucidate soft matter interfacial dynamics. This contribution reviews experimental and related theoretical approaches for interface light scattering and further gives an overview of achievements based on such techniques.     

Modulation of stimuli-responsiveness toward acid vapor between real-time and write-erase responses based on conjugated polymers containing azobenzene and Schiff base moieties

We developed three types of film-type stimuli-responsive polymers based on aza-substituted conjugated polymers involving azobenzene, N_bith, N_fluo and Schiff base moieties, C_bith. All polymer films showed bathochromic shifts in absorption spectra followed by chromic behaviors by fuming trifluoroacetic acid (TFA). In particular, we disclosed that there were three significant differences on acid detecting ability between azobenzene and Schiff base derivatives in terms of absorption wavelengths, stability, and proton holding time. The azobenzene polymers exhibited real-time responses toward vapor fuming, meanwhile write and erase chromic behaviors were reversibly accomplished with the Schiff base polymer by exposing to acid and amine vapor. Theoretical calculation revealed that red-shifted absorption bands should be induced by protonation on nitrogen atoms in the aza-substituted positions. Diverse responses through dynamic regulation of electronic properties of main-chain conjugation can be accomplished by introducing the aza-substituents in polymers.     

Tuning periodicity of polymer-decorated carbon nanotubes

Carbon nanotube (CNT) is one of the most extensively investigated nanomaterials. Patterning soft matter such as liquid crystals and polymers on CNTs could potentially enable various applications for CNTs. We have demonstrated that controlled polymer crystallization using CNTs as the 1D nucleation sites can lead to periodically functionalized CNTs. Here we show that selected crystalline block copolymers can be periodically decorated along CNTs. This facile technique opens a gateway to periodic patterning on 1-D nanomaterials.     

Effect of biopolymer blends on physical and Acoustical properties of biocomposite foams

Bio‐based foams are the solution to environmental concerns raised by petrochemical‐based open cell foams used in various industries for sound absorption. While conventional petrochemical‐based polymers take centuries to degrade or may not degrade at all, bio‐based polymers decompose to biomass, water, and carbon dioxide in a matter of months when exposed to proper environment. To increase the potential of replacing current petrochemical foams, mechanical as well as acoustic characteristics of bio‐based foams need to be improved. This article studies the effect of blending two bio‐based polymers and physics of the blends on acoustic and mechanical properties of resulting polymer composite foams. Different blends of polylactide with three grades of polyhydroxyalkanoates were foamed and characterized based on acoustic and mechanical performance. Rheological properties of pure polymers as well as their blends were studied and effect of polymer blends on acoustic absorption of the resulting foams was investigated. © 2014 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Polym. Sci., Part B: Polym. Phys. 2014 , 52, 1002–1013