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1.
The interlaboratory variability in the quantification of adsorbable organically bound halogens (AOX) in industrially contaminated
soil is presented. Three consecutive rounds of a proficiency testing scheme, in which between 88 and 119 routine laboratories
participated, yielded relative reproducibility standard deviations between 7 and 20% at AOX contents between 10.9 and 268 mg
kg−1. Nineteen laboratories with established proficiency were invited to participate in the certification of the AOX content in
three soil reference materials meant for the internal quality control in analytical laboratories. The certified values are
(1349 ± 59) mg kg−1, (80 ± 7) mg kg−1 and (102 ± 8) mg kg−1, respectively. 相似文献
2.
Wolfgang J. Philipp Pierre van Iwaarden Heinz Schimmel Nele Meeus Nadine Kollmorgen 《Accreditation and quality assurance》2007,12(3-4):134-138
The reliability of reference materials (RMs) depends on properties such as fitness, robustness, commutability, stability and
homogeneity. The development of RMs for microbiological analysis is especially challenged through questions around the stabilisation
and recovery of viable cells, the dispersion of precise numbers of cells, matrix effects and, when using molecular techniques,
the presence of nucleic acids (e.g. DNA) of dead and live target organisms. However, RMs are indispensable tools for quality
control in microbiological analysis. The Institute for Reference Materials and Measurements (IRMM), as part of the European
Commission, concentrates its efforts on the development of RMs to support the development, implementation and monitoring of
EU legislation. A special focus is given to highly precise RMs for presence/absence and enumeration tests in microbiological
food and water analysis. Another group of new RMs certified by the IRMM comprise DNA-based materials to control the identity
of micro-organisms in qualitative assays. All of these activities serve to improve quality control in microbiological analysis.
Presented at ‘BERM-10’, April 2006, Charleston, SC, USA. 相似文献
3.
A. Sahuquillo R. Compañó R. Rubio G. Rauret 《Accreditation and quality assurance》2004,9(4-5):259-265
Since the academic year 2001–2002, inter-laboratory trials for students of Analytical Chemistry in Spanish Universities have been organised by the Department of Analytical Chemistry at the University of Barcelona in collaboration with the Complutense University of Madrid, the University of Cordoba and the University of Huelva. The aim of these exercises is to train students in the use of tools for the assessment and improvement of quality in analytical laboratories.Representative samples of environmental and food analysis, agricultural soils and a type of beer were selected. The ethanol content of the beer and the pH, conductivity, and extractable phosphorus and potassium content in the soil were the chosen analytical parameters.Sample preparation, homogeneity and stability studies, as well as the statistical treatment of data from participants, were carried out by the laboratory Mat Control of the Department of Analytical Chemistry of the University of Barcelona.The paper presented heregives the results obtained after two years of experience.Presented at BERM-9—Ninth International Symposium on Biological and Environmental Reference Materials, June 15–19, 2003, Berlin, Germany. 相似文献
4.
Quality of botanical products is a great uncertainty that consumers, clinicians, regulators, and researchers face. Definitions
of quality abound, and include specifications for sanitation, adventitious agents (pesticides, metals, weeds), and content
of natural chemicals. Because dietary supplements (DS) are often complex mixtures, they pose analytical challenges and method
validation may be difficult. In response to product quality concerns and the need for validated and publicly available methods
for DS analysis, the US Congress directed the Office of Dietary Supplements (ODS) at the National Institutes of Health (NIH)
to accelerate an ongoing methods validation process, and the Dietary Supplements Methods and Reference Materials Program was
created. The program was constructed from stakeholder input and incorporates several federal procurement and granting mechanisms
in a coordinated and interlocking framework. The framework facilitates validation of analytical methods, analytical standards,
and reference materials. 相似文献
5.
The use of (certified) reference materials and quality control materials can form a suitable basis for evaluating measurement uncertainty of routine measurements. In particular when these materials are used for quality control purposes, it is not always evident how the quality control data can be used in the uncertainty budget of a routine measurement. Current guidance documents on the evaluation of measurement uncertainty and the use of reference materials treat this subject only in part, or in very generic terms. ISO/REMCO has established a new working group that will provide practical guidance and examples on how to use quality control data in the evaluation of measurement uncertainty. A short introduction to the subject is given.
相似文献
Adriaan M. H. van der VeenEmail: Phone: +31-15-2691733Fax: +31-15-2691670 |
6.
Shakhashiro A Gondin da Fonseca Azeredo AM Sansone U Fajgelj A 《Analytical and bioanalytical chemistry》2007,387(7):2509-2515
The IAEA Reference Materials Group of the Chemistry Unit, Agency’s Laboratories Seibersdorf, has developed and optimized a
procedure for spiking some environmental matrices with gamma-emitting radionuclides. This paper describes the spiking procedure,
homogeneity testing of the spiked material, and assignment of property values and their associated uncertainties for the radionuclides
54Mn, 65Zn, 60Co, 109Cd, 134Cs, 137Cs, 210Pb, and 241Am. This procedure has already been successfully used in an IAEA proficiency test on the determination of 137Cs and 210Pb in spiked soil and has been found to be appropriate for production of soil materials for proficiency testing and internal
quality control samples. The main advantage of this procedure is a low uncertainty arising from heterogeneity, which was found
to be less than 1.2% for all the analytes studied.
相似文献
7.
Proficiency testing (PT) results have been used to improve traceability in chemical drinking water analysis. With a generalized
least-square regression the mass concentrations of As and Sb were calculated in a drinking water that had been used to prepare
proficiency testing samples by a spiking procedure. From the mass concentrations in the matrix and the spiked amounts, reference
values with an uncertainty budget could be calculated without the need for reference measurements. The degree to which these
reference values can be regarded as traceable is discussed. The results showed slight deviations in some samples between reference
values and consensus means. 相似文献
8.
This paper describes the COMAR database for certified reference materials (CRMs). The Web-based version of COMAR is freely
accessible via the Internet. COMAR was established to assist laboratories in finding the CRMs needed. The database is maintained
in a collaboration of the world’s major CRM producers. The planned changes in the database as agreed at the last COMAR council
meeting in Prague in May 2006 are indicated.
相似文献
Thomas SteigerEmail: |
9.
In Japan, there was a drastic change in food control system, which was brought about by problems with BSE. Food Safety Basic Law was newly enacted and Food Hygiene Law, Japanese Agricultural Standards Law and so on were revised. Food Safety Commission was newly established for risk assessment, and Ministry of Agriculture, Forestry and Fisheries and Ministry of Health, Labor and Welfare were reorganized on food safety. National Food Research Institute (NFRI) works for improvement of technology for food analysis, development of technology to ensure food safety and so on. Objects of food analysis are inorganic elements, acrylamide, mycotoxins, functional components, genetically modified organisms, varieties of rice and so on. Proficiency testing schemes (PTs) were introduced to NFRI for reliability of food analysis. Certified reference materials (CRMs) of food related materials prepared in Japan, and PTs provided by Japanese organization were limited. It is requested for Japanese organizations to prepare new CRMs and provide many kinds of PTs for solution of peculiar problems. 相似文献
10.
Michael Thompson 《Accreditation and quality assurance》2008,13(10):581-584
The outcome of routine testing for instability and heterogeneity of materials used in proficiency tests tends to be weakly
informative because of the unacceptable cost of obtaining enough data to support a suitably powerful statistical test. A better
strategy would be to spend considerably more on a large initial validation of a type of material or a procedure for preparing
it, and then to monitor all subsequent batches of material of that type by a much cheaper quality control system. The expense
of a powerful validation would be quickly recouped by savings in the longer term.
Papers published in this section do not necessarily reflect the opinion of the Editors, the Editorial Board and the Publisher. 相似文献
11.
O. Bercaru M. Ricci F. Ulberth C. Brunori R. Morabito I. Ipolyi A. Sahuquillo E. Rosenberg 《Trends in analytical chemistry : TRAC》2009,28(9):1073-1081
In accordance with Article 8 of the European Union (EU) Water Framework Directive (WFD), EU Member States are required to establish monitoring programs for the quality of the surface water and the groundwater within each river-basin district. As such data are the basis for regulatory decisions and measures required to achieve WFD environmental objectives, appropriate analytical quality-assurance and quality-control tools have to be implemented by the monitoring laboratories. In this respect, reference materials (RMs) play a key role. Within the framework of the SWIFT-WFD project (Screening methods for Water data InFormation in support of the WFD), several approaches to the preparation of matrix RMs for the analysis of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons and pesticides in water have been used in wide-scale proficiency-testing (PT) schemes. We present the different strategies employed in preparing water-matrix RMs for organic analytes. By reviewing the results from the SWIFT-WFD PT schemes, we reflect on the applicability and the suitability of the different approaches. 相似文献
12.
Numata M Yarita T Aoyagi Y Tsuda Y Yamazaki M Takatsu A Ishikawa K Chiba K Okamaoto K 《Analytical and bioanalytical chemistry》2007,387(7):2313-2323
Two marine sediment certified reference materials, NMIJ CRM 7304-a and 7305-a, have been issued by the National Metrology
Institute of Japan in the National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology (NMIJ/AIST) for the determination
of polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs) and organochlorine pesticides (OCPs). The raw materials of the CRMs were collected from
a bay near industrial activity in Japan. Characterization of these CRMs was conducted by NMIJ, where the sediments were analyzed
using multiple analytical methods such as pressurized liquid extraction (PLE), microwave-assisted extraction (MAE), saponification,
Soxhlet extraction, supercritical fluid extraction (SFE), and ultrasonic extraction; the target compounds were determined
by one of the primary methods of measurements, isotope dilution–mass spectrometry (ID-MS). Certified values have been provided
for 14 PCB congeners (PCB numbers 3, 15, 28, 31, 70, 101, 105, 138, 153, 170, 180, 194, 206, 209) and 4 OCPs (γ-HCH, 4,4′-DDT,
4,4′-DDE, 4,4′-DDD) in both CRMs. NMIJ CRM 7304-a has concentrations of the contaminants that are a factor of 2–15 greater
than in CRM 7305-a. Both CRMs have information values for PCB homolog concentrations determined by collaborative analysis
using a Japanese official method for determination of PCBs. The total PCB concentrations in the CRMs are approximately 920
and 86 μg kg−1 dry mass respectively.
Electronic supplementary material Supplementary material is available in the online version of this article at and is accessible for authorized users. 相似文献
13.
Katherine M. Phillips Wayne R. Wolf Kristine Y. Patterson Katherine E. Sharpless Karen R. Amanna Joanne M. Holden 《Accreditation and quality assurance》2007,12(3-4):126-133
Certified reference materials (CRMs) play a critical role in validating the accuracy of nutrient data for food samples. A
number of available food CRMs of differing matrix composition have assigned concentrations for various nutrients, along with
associated uncertainty intervals (UIs) for those values. These CRMs have been used extensively in the United States Department
of Agriculture’s (USDA) ongoing National Food and Nutrient Analysis Program (NFNAP) to monitor the accuracy of assays of key
foods and nutrients consumed in the United States. A total of 690 assigned values for individual nutrients, including proximates,
vitamins, macroelements, microelements, fatty acids, amino acids, and selected phytochemicals (e.g., carotenoids), were compiled
from the certificates of analysis for 63 CRMs, and the specified UI in each case was expressed as a percentage of the assigned
certified or reference concentration. Across all nutrients, 63.5% of the UIs were less than 10% of the assigned value, 25.5%
were 10–20%, and 11% were greater than 20% of the assigned value. The UIs for proximates, minerals, and trace elements were
most consistently less than 10% of the assigned value. The relative uncertainties were significantly higher for vitamins,
suggesting greater challenges in measuring and certifying these components. These high UIs (greater than 10% assigned value)
in the best available reference materials are likely to be indicative of the precision and accuracy that can be obtained by
current measurement systems for these components. These data suggest that care must be taken in choosing CRMs to monitor food
composition analysis, including evaluating what levels of uncertainty are required in assigned values and which analytical
measurement systems for food components need closer examination and improvement.
Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (doi:) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
Presented at ‘BERM-10’, April 2006, Charleston, SC, USA. 相似文献
14.
Metrological designs of experiment for proficiency testing (PT) with a limited number of participants are discussed. The designs are based on development of in-house reference materials (IHRMs) with traceable assigned values and fit-for-purpose uncertainties, used in a PT scheme as the measurement standards. When adequate certified reference materials (CRMs) are available, a comparative approach for IHRM development, using simultaneous analysis of IHRM and CRM test portions in pairs, is proposed for PT objectives. In the case where adequate CRMs are not available – for example, in the field of analysis of unstable aqueous systems – the function of the measurement standard for PT can be fulfilled by a synthetic IHRM prepared gravimetrically using non-adequate, non-aqueous CRMs or pure substances. The CRM or the pure substance is used as a spike for fortification of a natural water sample, while the natural water sample is used as a working IHRM for the spike determination. In this case the traceability chain is longer, since two IHRMs are added for one quantity determination, but it remains unbroken.Presented at the Second International Conference on Metrology –Trends and Applications in Calibration and Testing Laboratories, 4–6 November 2003, Eilat, Israel 相似文献
15.
Reference materials have been applied widely to ensure the traceability, comparability and reliability of measurement results.
To achieve this purpose, the quality of reference materials (RMs) themselves is surely an important aspect to be pay attention
to. A quality evaluation system of RMs has been established through the project “The National Sharing Platform of Reference
Materials” in China to give a reliable assessment on the quality of RMs from various sources including the accuracy and comparability
of their property values, which is very useful to promote the appropriate selecting and using of RMs in China. Through the
application of National Metrology Institute calibration and measurement capabilities on the basis of the international mutual
recognition arrangement, it can also provide a powerful supplement to the current activities such as the accreditation of
RM producers in the construction of a global harmonized quality control and assurance system of RMs. 相似文献
16.
Adriaan M. H. van der Veen Thomas P. J. Linsinger Andree Lamberty Jean Pauwels 《Accreditation and quality assurance》2001,6(6):257-263
To serve as a measurement standard, a (certified) reference material must be stable. For this purpose, the material should
undergo stability testing after it has been prepared. This paper looks at the statistical aspects of stability testing. Essentially,
these studies can be described with analysis of variance statistics, including variant regression analysis. The latter is
used in practice for both trend analysis and for the development of expressions for extrapolations. Extrapolation of stability
data is briefly touched upon, as far as the combined standard uncertainty of the reference material is concerned. There are
different options to validate the extrapolations made from initial stability studies, and some of them might influence the
uncertainty of the reference material and/or the shelf-life. The latter is the more commonly observed consequence of what
is called ’stability monitoring’.
Received: 6 October 2000 Accepted: 4 December 2000 相似文献
17.
Kil Jae Lee Yeo Jin LeeYoung Rak Choi Jeong Sook KimYoun Sung Kim Soo Bong Heo 《Analytica chimica acta》2013
Reference materials for quantitative determination of Cd, Cr, Hg and Pb in polycarbonate were developed. Reference materials with two concentration level of elements were prepared by adding appropriate amounts of chemicals to a blank polycarbonate base material. It was shown that ten bottles with triplicate analysis are enough to demonstrate the homogeneity of these candidate reference materials. The statistical results also showed no significant trends in both short-term stability test for four weeks and long-term stability test for twelve months. The certification of the four elements was carried out by isotope-dilution-inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry (ID-ICP-MS) with microwave-assisted digestion. Certification of candidate reference materials in a single laboratory was confirmed with interlaboratory comparison participated by a certain number of well-recognized testing laboratories in Korea. The certified values and expanded uncertainties (k = 2) for the candidate reference material with low level and the one with high level were (51.7 ± 2.1) mg kg−1 Cd, (103.8 ± 2.9) mg kg−1 Cd, (98.8 ± 4.5) mg kg−1 Cr, (1004 ± 49.8) mg kg−1 Cr, (107.4 ± 4.6) mg kg−1 Hg, (1133 ± 50.7) mg kg−1 Hg, (94.8 ± 3.7) mg kg−1 Pb and (988.4 ± 53.6) mg kg−1 Pb, respectively. The reference materials developed in this study demonstrated their suitability for the quality assurance in Cd, Cr, Hg and Pb analysis for the implementation of RoHS Directive. 相似文献
18.
There are a wide variety of spectrophotometric devices nowadays used in health services with various qualities of manufacture
methods of measurement and metrological characteristics for performing the necessary measurements. Therefore, to meet the
accuracy and repeatability requirements needed in medical diagnosis and treatment, the validation of the performance of such
systems by clinical chemistry laboratories is essential. However, the validation of a spectrophotometric system for clinical
analyses requires several reference materials, according to the end use of the measurement results. This paper discusses some
characteristics required of the clinical reference materials needed and used by Romanian Institute of Metrology for validation
work. Types of clinical reference materials developed in the national area for this purpose are also presented.
Received: 23 April 1997 · Accepted: 7 July 1997 相似文献
19.
Hendrik Emons 《Accreditation and quality assurance》2006,11(1-2):101-102
The two reference material symposia of the last AOAC Annual Meeting are summarized. 相似文献
20.
Besides their role as an external quality control tool, PT results or samples could be used as an alternative to fulfil some of the quality assurance requirements such as analytical precision, uncertainty assessment, and internal quality control. This additional use of proficiency testing could help laboratories to reduce the financial impact of their quality assurance process. The purpose of this paper is to highlight some practical uses of PT results or samples in the environmental analytical field, which have been implemented at ISSeP (Institut Scientifique de Service Public), either for method validation or for internal quality control.Presented at the Eurachem PT Workshop September 2005, Portorož, Slovenia 相似文献