全氟和多氟烷基磺酸的研究 Ⅺ.全氟3-氧杂戊磺酸全氟苯酯的合成及其和亲核试剂的反应

本文报道全氟3-氧杂戊磺酸全氟苯酯(1)的合成及其和一系列亲核试剂的反应.它比全氟磺酸苯酯更易和多种亲核试剂作用,而且亲核试剂的共轭酸的pK_a值越大则反应越容易.除C_6H_5Se外,所有试剂均进攻硫原子.例如:1和KF:Et_2NH、C_6H_5ONa及p-ClC_6F_4ONa作用时均发生S—O键断裂而得到R_FSO_2Y.(Y=F、NEt_2、OC_6H_5及OC_6F_4Cl-p).1和其他一取代五氟苯的亲核取代反应不同,在所有反应中均未能得到对位或邻位的二取代产物R_FSO_3C_6F_4Nu.     

全氟和多氟烷基磺酸的研究 XI: 全氟3-氧杂戊磺酸全氟苯酯的合成及其和亲核试剂的反应

Pentafluorophenyl and p-chlorotetrafluorophenyl-3- oxaperfluoroalkanesulfonates XCF2CF2OCF2CF2SO3C6F4Y (1) (Y=F, p-Cl) were synthesized by the reaction of 3-oxaperfluoroalkanesulfonyl fluoride with the corresponding sodium phenoxide in good yield. 1 reacted with various nucleophilic reagents more readily than phenyl perfluoroalkanesulfonates. The reactivity of nucleophiles toward 1 is parallel to the pKa values of their corresponding acids. All nucleophiles used (except C6H5S^-) attacked sulfur of 1 giving RfSO2Nu. Treatment of 1 with CH3CO^-2 produced perfluorophenyl acetate. When equivalent amount of KF was added to the reaction mixture the yield of the acetate decreased and main product was acetyl fluoride. This showed that the reaction followed the course of intermediary mixed anhydride formed through the attack of CH3CO^-2 on sulfur of 1. But when 1 was treated with ArS^- the only reaction occurred was C-O scission of the sulfenate by the nucleophilic attack of ArS^- on the fluorinated benzene ring to give the totrasubstituted perfluorobenzene, 1, 2, 4, 5-C6F2 (SAr)4. In contrast to the nucleophilic reaction of the mono-substituted pentafluorobenzene it was shown that in all reactions with nucleophiles para or ortho di-substituted compounds such as ReSO3C6F4Nu were not found.     

由2-三氟甲基-3-氧杂八氟己酸酯产生全氟碳负离子的研究

将一个全氟烷基引入有机分子是有机氟化学的基本任务之一。氟烷基化的方法很多,其中应用较广泛的途径是利用全氟或多氟碳负离子中问体。     

合成黑索今中副产物3, 5-二硝基-1-氧-3, 5-二氮杂环己烷的晶体结构及热分解动力学

直接法硝解乌洛托品制备黑索今的过程中合成了一种新型的环形副产物,采用硅胶柱层析法分离得到3, 5-二硝基-1-氧-3, 5-二氮杂环己烷,洗脱剂为:丙酮/二氯甲烷,梯度洗脱.以丙酮为溶剂培养得到了3, 5-二硝基-1-氧-3, 5-二氮杂环己烷单晶,用元素分析、傅里叶变换红外(FTIR)光谱、核磁共振氢谱(NMR)以及质谱(MS)对其结构进行了表征,用X射线单晶衍射仪测定了其晶体结构.结果表明,晶体C₃H₆N₄O₅分子量为178.12,属于单斜晶系,空间群P121/n1,晶胞参数: a = 0.58128(13) nm, b = 1.72389(14) nm, c = 0.71072(6) nm, β =112.056°, V = 0.66006(16) nm³, Z = 4, D_C= 1.792 g·cm^-3, μ = 0.17 mm^-1, F(000) = 368.0,最终偏差因子R =0.0397.用同步热分析仪技术研究了3, 5-二硝基-1-氧-3, 5-二氮杂环己烷的热行为, DSC曲线上在383.15和519.05 K分别有一个尖锐的熔化吸热峰和分解放热峰.另外,根据Kissinger方程及Flynn-Wall-Ozawa方程和不同升温速率下的TG曲线计算得到了该化合物的热分解动力学参数(活化能和指前因子),利用Coats-Redfern法研究了该物质的热分解机理.结果表明: 3, 5-二硝基-1-氧-3, 5-二氮杂环己烷是一种低熔点、热稳定性好的化合物. Kissinger方程计算其活化能为212.32 kJ·mol^-1,指前因子为6.20×10²⁰ s^-1, Flynn-Wall-Ozawa方程计算其活化能为210.39 kJ·mol^-1,该物质的热分解动力学方程为G(α) = (1-α)^-1-1,反应级数为2.     

全氟和多氟烷基磺酸的研究——全氟3-氧杂烷烃磺酸酯与亲核试剂反应中的单一的硫-氧键断裂

在R_FSO₃CH₂R'_F(1)与亲核试剂反应中,我们曾报道除Et0^-产生少量的进攻硫的产物外,亲核试剂仅按式(1)的S_N2机理进攻碳。     

甲基丙烯酸3—磺酸钾丙酯—苯乙烯共聚物与N,N,N—三甲基十六烷基化铵相 …

两亲分子由于具有自组装性质,如表面活性剂分子自组装形成胶束,囊泡,天然的磷脂分子自组装形成脂质体,继而参于生物膜的形成,这是大家所熟悉的．高分子两亲分子尤其是两亲性两嵌段高分子具有自组装性质,并形成规整性好的聚集体［１～３］．聚电介质表面活性剂体系...     

全氟和多氟烷基磺酸的研究 Ⅸ.5-卤-3-氧杂-全氟戊磺酰氟的化学转化

5-卤-3-氧杂-全氟戊磺酰氟(1)依次用苛性钾、浓硫酸和五氧化二磷处理可顺利地得到相应的磺酸和磺酸酐.在吡啶存在下,[I(CF_2)_2O(CF_2)_2SO_2]_2O(3)与醇反应得磺酸酯(6).1在发烟硫酸作用下,可转化成酰氟9.随着反应温度的不同,9水解为酸10和/或二元酸11.氟羰基全氟甲磺酰氟的水解也有类似现象.醇与9的酰氟基反应得羧酸酯,而不与磺酰氟基反应.但可进一步转化为磺酸酯.由9与F~-生成的全氟烷氧基阴离子-O(CF_2)_2O(CF_2)_2SO_2F与活泼的卤代烷作用得醚.还研究了5-卤-3-氧杂-全氟戊磺酰氟与三氯化铝的作用,在无水三氯化铝存在下对9进行了芳烃的Friedel-Crafts酰基化,以四氯化碳为溶剂并改变加料顺序,可提高酮的产率.     

N,N,N‘,N’—四异丁基—3—氧—戊二酰胺萃取铀钍的研究

放射性废液中含有大量的钢系和铜系元素,众多学者作了大量研究工作。如焦荣洲等［’］用三烷基氧磷（ＴＲＰＯ）、赵沪根等［’］用ＤＨＤＥＣＭＰ从放射性废液中分离啊系和湖系元素进行了系统研究。但所用革取剂均为含磷化合物,使用后被放射性污染的革取剂最终处置困难。为此面临寻求革取效率高、价廉,又便于最终处置的新型革取剂的任务。文章ｐｌ合成了二酚胺类化合物（Ｒ‘ＲＺＮＣＯ）。Ｒ３系列车取剂,它能有效地从放射性废液中革取分离回收钢系与调系元素。本文探讨了其中的Ｎ,Ｎ,Ｍ,ＮＷ四异了基一３一氧一戊二酚胺（简写为Ｌ…     

全氟和多氟烷基磺酸的研究 IX. 5-卤-3-氧杂-全氟戊磺酰氟的化学转化

5-Halo-3-oxa-perfluoropentanesulfonic acids 2,4 were obtained in high yields by treating the corresponding sulfonyl fluorides successively with KOH and concentrated H2SO4: Treatment of the acids with P2O5 gave corresponding anhydrides 3, 5. 3 reacted with various alcohols in the presence of pyridine to yield sulfonates 6. 5-Iodo-3-oxa-perfluoropentanesulfonyl fluoride (1) was converted to the acyl fluoride 9 by fuming sulfuric acid. Depending on the reaction temperature 9 can be hydrolyzed to fluorosulfonyl perfluoroalkanoic acid 10 and/or mixed dibasic acid 11. A similar phenomenon was also observed in the case of hydrolysis of fluorocarbonyl-perfluoromethanesulfonyl fluoride(13). Alcohol reacted readily with the acyl fluoride group but not with the sulfonyl group in 9 giving carboxylic esters, which can be further transformed to the corresponding sulfonates. Perfluoroalkoxide ion -O(CF2)2O(CF2)2SO2F prepared from 9 and F- reacted with active alkyl halides yielding the corresponding ethers. The interaction of 5-halo-3-oxa-perfluoroalkane-sulfonyl fluoride with AlCl3 was investigated. Friedel-crafts acylation of aromatic compounds with 9 in the presence of anhydrous AlCl3 is also reported. The yields of the desired ketones can be improved by using CCl4 as a solvent and changing the order of addition of reactants.     

四甲基二硅桥联二(3-叔庚基-环戊二烯基)四羰基二铁及其热重排反应产物的晶体结构

1，2-二（3-取代环戌二烯）四甲基二硅烷与五炭基铁反应生成二铁配合物，它的热重排反应形成硅铁交互排布的同分异构体。X-射线单晶衍射测定结果表明化合物三斜晶系，P1空间群，（3），是单科晶系，P21／a空间群，（3），这对同分异构体有着完全不同的构象：化合物（Ⅰ）由于两个构象不等同的叔庚基而失去了C2对称性，是具有顺式构型的Fe－Fe双核配合物；而化合物（Ⅱ）为Fe－Si交替排布的反式中心对称构型。     

全氟和多氟烷基磺酸的研究 Ⅹ.在亲核取代反应中全氟烷基3-氧杂全氟烷烃磺酸酯的唯一的硫-氧键断裂

以3-氧杂多氟烷烃磺酰氟XCF_2OCF_2CF_2SO_2F为原料,合成了全氟烷基3-氧杂全氟戊烷磺酸酯XCF_2OCF_2CF_2SO_3CF_2CF_2OCF_2X(1)[X=ICF_2(1a),X=ClCF_2(1b),X=HCF_2(1c),X=Cl_2CF(1d)].1极易和多种亲核试剂反应,其中催化量的卤离子和硫氰根离子即能将1分解成相应的磺酰氟和酰氟.所有的亲核试剂和1作用时均进攻硫原子而只得到硫-氧键断裂的产物.可能的解释是由于烷醇基α碳原子上两个氟原子的屏蔽作用,使亲核试剂难于进攻碳,只能进攻硫,从而导致唯一的硫-氧键断裂.     

用新试剂2[—5‘—氟—2’—砷酸基苯）偶氮]—1,8—二羟基—3,6—萘二磺酸荧光法

研究了试剂２－」５’－氟－２’－－砷酸基苯）偶氮「－１，８－二羟基－３，６－萘二磺酸与硼的荧光性能。硼与试剂形成１：２的强荧光配合物，其λｅｘ／λｅｍ＝２３４ｎｍ／３８０ｎｍ，Ｂ（Ⅲ）含量在０－３６０μｇ／Ｌ范围内呈良好线性关系，检测限为２．０６μｇ／Ｌ，据此建立了测定微量硼的新方法。     

全氟和多氟烷基磺酸的研究 X:在亲核取代反应中全氟烷基3-氧杂全氟烷基磺酸酯的唯一的硫-氧键断裂

Perfluoroalkyl 3-oxaperfluoralkanesulfonates XCF2OCF2CF2SO3CF2OCF2X (1) (X=CF2I (1a), CF2Cl (1b), HCF2 (1c), Cl2CF (1d)) reacted readily with various mucleophiles leading to S--O seission exclusively, thus 1 -- XCF2OCF2CF2SO2Y+XCF2OCF2COZ In the presence of a catalytic amount of halide (F-, Cl-, Br-, I-) and thiecyanate in diglyme 1 decomposed to give the corresponding sulfonly fluoride 2 (X=F) and acyl fluoride 3(Z=F). At room temperature 1 did not react with excess ethanol, but under refluxing for 12.5h, 1 was converted to 2 (Y=F) and 3 (Z=OEt). More powerful nucleophile ethoxide ion reacted readily with 1 at-60 - -50`C yielding Et2O and 3 (Z=OEt) but no 2 (Z=F). When the reaction was carried out at 80`C the yields of the products varied with the order of mixing of the reactants i.e. when 1 was added to excess ethoxide in ethanol, products are 3(Z=OEt), Et2O and 2(Y=F), but with ethoxide adding to 1 the yield of 2 (Y=F) was increased and that of ether decreased whereas the yield of 3 (Z=OEt) remained constant. Carboxylates (CF3CO2-, CH3CO2-) also caused S--O cleavage of 1 to give acetyl fluoride, 2 (y=F) and 3 (Z=F) as a result of decomposition of the intermediary mixed anhydride by the fluoride ion. In the same manner R2NH, C6H5NH2 reacted with 1 giving the products of S--O cleavage. In contrast to the nucleophilic reactions of α, α-di-H-perfluoroalkyl perfluoroalkanesulfonates (mainly C--O cleavage) it has been found that all nucleophies attack the sulfur atom of 1 exclusively. A possible interpretation is that the SN2 attack at sp3 carbon atom in highly fluorinated system is made impossible by the shielding effect of the two fluorine atoms in the alcoholic moiety and leaving the attack on the sulfur as the only alternative.