An improved method for analysis of oxygen isotope in organic matter

Conclusions  

The summer monsoon evolution recorded by carbon isotope of organic matter from the Yuanbao loess section during the Last Interglaciation

Based on the carbon isotope record of organic matter from the Yuanbao loess section, northwestern China, five enhanced summer monsoon events were observed at this area during the Last Interglaciation. Such events were also recorded by the paleosol layers, pollen assemblage and magnetic susceptibility. It is suggested that the enhanced summer monsoon leads to the shift of vegetation type, which results in the change of δ¹³C value of organic matter in the paleosol layer. It appears that the δ¹³C of organic matter is a good indicator for the summer monsoon variation. Among these five events, the first, second and the fifth reached their maximum smoothly, but the other two had experienced a less cold stage before reaching their peaks, which suggests that the mechanisms of such events may be different.     

聚硅酸铁对溶解性有机物与浊度的去除

采用透射电镜法及光子相关光谱法对自制的氧化性聚硅酸铁(PSF)与聚合硫酸铁(PFS)进行微观表征,同时以254 nm的吸光度A(UV_(254))溶解性有机碳质量浓度c(DOC)、色度及比紫外吸光值A(SUV_(254))作为溶解性有机物(DOM)的检测指标,对PSF降低以上各指标与浊度去除效果及相关性进行研究.结果表明:PSF由很短的链节样物种及枝状结构组成,形态尺寸及分维数较大,并且较稳定;PSF具有良好的混凝效果,对浊度及色度的去除率超过95%,对A(UV_(254)),A(SUV_(254)),c(DOE)的去除率分别达到85%,80%,60%;用于评价PSF去除DOM性能的各指标间及其与余浊之间均具有良好的相关性.     

有机物添加对山西太岳山油松林土壤呼吸及碳组分的影响

【目的】 探讨添加不同类型有机物对油松林土壤有机碳组分及土壤呼吸的影响,为预测山西太岳山油松林生态系统中土壤的碳收支平衡提供参考。【方法】 采用随机区组设计,以山西太岳山油松林地表的平均自然凋落物量为标准,向油松林地0~20 cm土壤中分别添加生物炭(BC)、玉米秸秆(JG)、辽东栎叶(LD)和油松叶(YS)等4种类型有机物,使用LI-8100 CO₂通量全自动测量系统对有机物添加条件下的土壤呼吸速率进行连续测定,并对各处理的土壤有机碳(SOC)、微生物生物量碳(MBC)、易氧化碳(ROC)、可溶性有机碳(DOC)含量进行监测,结合土壤呼吸与土壤有机碳及其组分之间的关系,探讨添加有机物对山西太岳山油松林土壤呼吸及碳组分的影响。【结果】 ①向土壤中添加BC显著降低了土壤呼吸速率,添加JG后土壤呼吸速率较CK显著提高了11.67%。,其余处理与CK差异不显著。在2014年7—11月和2015年5—10月,不同添加物处理间土壤呼吸速率从大至小表现为JG>LD >YS>CK。②有机物添加下土壤SOC含量随时间的增加有上升的趋势,在2014年8月,添加JG后显著提高了土壤SOC、MBC、ROC、DOC含量,添加BC显著提高了土壤MBC含量,添加LD和YS显著提高了土壤SOC和MBC含量。在2014年10月,添加JG显著提高了土壤SOC、MBC、ROC、DOC含量,添加LD显著提高了土壤MBC和ROC含量,添加YS显著提高了土壤SOC、MBC含量。在2015年3月,添加JG显著提高了土壤SOC、MBC和ROC含量,添加LD显著提高了土壤ROC含量。2015年5月,添加JG显著增加了土壤MBC含量。③与对照相比,添加BC后土温10 ℃时的土壤呼吸速率(R₁₀)显著降低了18.01%,添加YS后R₁₀显著增加了30.88%,添加其他有机物对温度敏感性系数(Q₁₀)和R₁₀没有显著影响。④土壤呼吸速率与土壤温度、SOC、MBC、ROC和DOC含量显著正相关。【结论】 添加有机物显著影响土壤碳动态和土壤温湿度,这些都会对土壤CO₂排放产生显著影响,添加JG对土壤有机碳及其碳组分的提高效果最显著,但土壤呼吸速率最高,不利于碳的储存;添加LD可增加土壤活性有机碳含量,短期内可明显改善土壤有机碳库质量;添加BC可在短期内提高土壤微生物生物量碳含量,并显著降低土壤呼吸速率,减少土壤CO₂排放的效果最好。     

土壤阳离子交换量与有机质、机械组成的关系

为了探究南通市土壤阳离子交换量变化特征及影响因素,通过野外采集南通地区土壤样品,室内分析pH、有机质、阳离子交换量(CEC)、机械组成分布特征及相关性。结果表明：南通土壤pH值大于6.89,碱性为主;有机质含量介于1.22%~3.70%,CEC值介于2.71 cmol kg-1~13.9 cmol kg-1,土壤肥力较弱;机械组成以粉砂粒为主,肥力易流失。进一步探究阳离子交换量、有机质、机械组成的变化关系,结果表明土壤有机质含量、粉粒及粘粒含量与阳离子交换量呈现较为明显的正相关,相关系数R分别为0.84、0.58、0.70,土壤的砂粒含量则与阳离子交换量呈现负相关,相关系数R为0.65。土壤有机质、粉粒、粘粒含量的增加均可显著提高阳离子交换量值,相较而言,通过改善有机质来增加土壤阳离子交换量最为容易获得。因此,对于土壤肥力中等的南通地区,可以通过施加有机质肥来改善土壤质地,增加土壤肥力。     

Pb, Sr isotopes in organic matter of Lower Tertiary hydrocarbon source rocks in Liaohe Fault Depression

The Pb, Sr isotopic compositions in organic matters (kerogen and soluble organic matter) of Lower Tertiary hydrocarbon source rock in Liaohe Fault Depression is first reported. There is a great variable rang of Pb isotopic compositions in kerogen, 206Pb/204Pb = 17.488-18.656, 207Pb/204Pb= 15.388-15.692, 208Pb/204Pb = 37.656-37.484. And soluble organic matters have a very stable Pb isotopic composition, that is 206Pb/204Pb = 17.424-17.601, 207pb/204pb= 15.376-15.448, 208Pb/204Pb = 37.620-37.870. Sr isotopic composition varies in the range of 0.747 59-0.716 79 in kerogen and of 0.709 67-0.747 59 in soluble organic matters that have a great range. It is shown that mantle fluid can influence organic matters and make them form hydrothermal hydrocarbon in the geoglogic environment of rift basin.     

用射频低温氧化法去除未熟烃源岩中的有机质方法研究

利用GP0 2 A高频感应加热设备产生高频磁场 ,等离子体在高频磁场中激活氧气形成活性氧 ,活性氧在低温低压下氧化烃源岩中的有机质 ,从而达到去除有机质并确定其含量的目的。采用射频低温氧化法对我国 7个盆地未熟烃源岩进行了有机质去除的实验 ,结果表明 ,在最佳条件下用 2 0～ 4 0h可把未熟烃源岩中的有机质去除 ,我国 7个盆地未熟烃源岩中有机质的质量含量为 1.5 3%～ 3.17%。     

黄土高原西缘末次盛冰期以来古气候演化的有机碳同位素记录

综合CaCO3含量、碳酸盐碳、氧同位素资料，并结合研究区的区域特征，对兰州红咀寺剖面有机碳同位素气候指示意义进行了研究．结果表明，在黄土高原西缘，有机碳同位素δ^13Corg波动反映C3／C4植物比例改变，指示温度变化．δ^13Corg值偏正时，表明C4植物含量较大，反映温度较高．有机碳同位素和CaCO3含量、碳酸盐碳、氧同位素共同揭示了兰州地区末次盛冰期气候较全新世明显偏低，在11．5kaBP，13．9kaBP存在两次明显的降温；进人全新世以后，兰州气候开始逐渐变暖，但仍存在8．8kaBP、5．0kaBP和3．2kaBP的三次突然升温以及8．0kaBP、6．8kaBP和5．3kaBP的降温事件，说明了兰州地区气候变化的复杂性和不稳定性．     

Degradation of organic matter in the sediments of Hongfeng Reservoir

In this work, the distribution of organic carbon, DNA and lipids in the sediments of Hongfeng Reservoir were described in addition to SO4^2- profile in pore water. The contents of organic carbon in the sediments range from 23.3 to 76.8 mg·g^-1, with the peak value appearing at the depth of 8 cm bellow the sediments water interface （SWI）, and tend to decrease gradually with sedimentation depth. The concentrations of SO4^2- decreased from 40.50 mg·L^-1 to 12.00 mg·L^-1 at SWI in top 4 cm sediment, and was kept at 12.0 mg·L^-1 bellow that depth. Newly produced organic carbon can be conserved as long as 14 years in the sediments. The contents of DNA were relatively high in top 9 cm surface sediments, as revealed by agarose gel images, close to those of organic carbon and sulphate reduction index （SRI）. This study shows that bacteria played an important role in organic matter degradation; SO4^2- is the primary electron acceptor under anaerobic condition in this reservoir; DNA in the lake sediments can provide important information for the study of cycling of nutrient elements in the lake.     

The relationship between dolomitization and organic matter occurrence in Lower Paleozoic carbonate in the Ordos Basin

Based on observations on the core and surface sections of Lower Paleozoic carbonate in the Ordos Basin, petrography research and measurements of TOC, TOS , Ro, XRD, and comparative study with dolomite in modern Coorong Lake, it has been revealed that: (i)dolomitization may occur in micrite limestone, gypsum-halite and argillaceous sandstone, and it can be divided into three types: sedimentary penecontemporaneous-early diagenesis, late diagenesis of deep burial and catagenesis of uplift period. However, the crystal cell of the second type less than 35 μ m in size is most closely associated with gas pool; (ii) the highest content of organic matter (OM) is produced in samples from the argillic dolomite which may be formed by argillaceous fluid through gypsum-halite; (iii) in the evolution process from penecontemporaneous dolomite into stoichiometric dolomite, the crystal order of dolomite and the porosity of its host rock tend to increase, which is favorable to the formation of an available migration network. When the power of the fluid is high enough, the network is mainly favorable to the migration and transport of heat, but when the power of the fluid goes down, the network system is favorable, due to its large space, to OM deposition in it.     

高级氧化技术去除拜耳液中有机物的研究进展

高级氧化技术具有速度快、效率高、可控性好、适用范围广且环境友好等优点,在有机物脱除方面受到广泛关注。本文概述了高级氧化技术的原理与特点,综述了臭氧氧化法、湿式氧化法、光催化氧化法、其他高级氧化技术及复合高级氧化技术在拜耳液中有机物去除方面的研究进展,以期为高级氧化技术在相关方面的工业化应用提供一定的参考。     

Relationship between fluorescence characteristics and molecular weight distribution of natural dissolved organic matter in Lake Hongfeng and Lake Baihua, China

Dissolved organic matter (DOM) in natural waters is a mixture of organic compounds with complicated chemical composition and structure, originating from animal and plant debris in soils and aquatic environ- ments. It is well known that DOM usually consist…     

辽西金羊盆地北票组烃源岩分布及有机质丰度

为了更好地评价金羊盆地石油地质条件，采取综合分析的方法，通过资料收集、野外实测剖面以及具有代表性岩样的采集和分析。得出如下结论。金羊盆地北票组分布广泛，是盆地主要烃源岩，为盆地油气生成提供了物质基础；北票组烃源岩属差—中等烃源岩，其有机质丰度虽然不高，但具有一定的生烃能力：金羊盆地发育的凹陷中，章吉营于—巴图营子凹陷面积最大，北票组沉积厚度大，保存条件相对较好，是找油气的最有利地带。     

Quantification and implications of two types of soluble organic matter from brackish to saline lake source rocks

Two types of soluble organic matter, the free and adsorbed, were obtained and quantified from the brackish to saline lake source rocks. The adsorbed type was extracted with chloroform, solvent mixtures of methanol：acetone：chloroform （MAC） and CS2：N-methyl-2-pyrrolidinone （CSz/NMP）. The total amounts of the two types of soluble organic matter from some immature source rocks are 〉830 mg/g TOC, more than 63% of the total organic matter in these samples. This result indicates that the majority of the organic matter in the immature source rocks in the brackish to saline lake basin is soluble, and is significant for study of petroleum formation and helpful for petroleum exploration in the brackish to saline lake basin.