Effect of a planar magnetic field on the domain wall dynamics in a double-layer uniaxial magnetic film

Motion of an isolated domain wall in a double-layer uniaxial magnetic film, where the film layers differ in characteristic length, saturation magnetization and damping parameter, is investigated by solving the Slonczewski equation. A planar magnetic field is applied normal to the domain-wall plane. The dependences of the threshold field and limiting velocity of disruption of the steady-state motion of the domain wall on the planar magnetic field value are obtained. Translated from Izvestiya Vysshikh Uchebnykh Zavedenii, Fizika, No. 12, pp. 60–63, December, 2008.     

Nonlinear dynamic structure rearrangement of vortexlike domain walls in magnetic films with in-plane anisotropy

The nonlinear dynamic behavior of vortexlike domain walls in magnetic uniaxial films having an in-plane anisotropy was investigated within a rigorous micromagnetic approach in the framework of a two-dimensional magnetization distribution by numerically solving the Landau–Lifshitz equations (with the Gilbert damping parameter) with allowance for all the main interactions, including the dipole–dipole one. The studies were carried out on magnetic soft films with an anisotropy axis lying in their plane in a dc magnetic field parallel to an easy axis and a pulsed magnetic field normal to it. New possibilities for controlling the nonlinear dynamic rearrangement of the internal structure of domain walls and their velocities in fields both above and below the critical field are established. The wall motion in the field above the critical one is nonstationary.     

Breather states in magnetic domain wall racetrack memory samples

Magnetic domain wall racetrack memory samples allow for the controlled motion of isolated magnetic domain walls in a quasi one-dimensional geometry. Here we consider the possibility of the dynamical formation of bound states of domain walls that can be prepared via a suitably chosen external field. Upon switching off the external field, these domain walls oscillate around their common center of mass, with a frequency depending on the relative initial handedness of the domain wall. Such breather states may be observed by detecting the resulting magnetization oscillations.     

利用扫描透射X射线显微镜观测磁涡旋结构

利用上海光源软X射线谱学显微光束线站(STXM)并结合X射线的磁圆二色效应, 我们对方形、圆形和三角形的Ni₈₀Fe₂₀薄膜微结构中的磁涡旋结构进行了定量实验观测, 并利用同步辐射光源的元素分辨特性, 分别在Fe和Ni的L₃吸收边对涡旋磁结构进行了观测. 我们还对磁涡旋中磁矩的分布进行了定量分析, 发现实验结果与微磁学模拟结果完全符合.     

Imaging excitations in magnetic thin film microstructures

We show how a photoemission electron microscope (PEEM) installed at a synchrotron can be used to image magnetic objects with very high spatial and temporal resolution. Sub-nanosecond magnetic field pulses are used to excite the fundamental magnetic modes of micron sized permalloy particles. The time evolution of the magnetization is imaged using a pump-probe technique where the magnetic contrast is given by X-ray magnetic circular dichroism (XMCD). Depending on the shape and size of the magnetic object we can observe modes related to either the homogenously magnetized domains, to the domain walls or to the vortex. All of these can be analyzed quantitatively yielding their frequencies, amplitudes and damping time constants. For objects with controlled defects we show that the magnetic vortex can be switched between defects using magnetic field pulses.     

Gyroscopic force acting on the magnetic vortex in a weak ferromagnet

The gyroscopic (Magnus) force in weak ferromagnets acting on magnetic vortices when the domain walls move in the external magnetic field has been investigated. The general expressions for the gyroscopic force in weak ferromagnets are obtained. The particular calculation of the gyroscopic force in rhombic weak ferromagnets is performed using the method that allows one to calculate it neglecting the internal structure of a vortex in the domain wall. It is shown that the gyroscopic force for most types of domain walls is nonzero and is determined by the mean sublattice magnetization, the Dzyaloshinsky interaction constant, and the constant of the exchange interaction between the sublattices.     

Electric polarization of magnetic textures: New horizons of micromagnetism

A common scenario of magnetoelectric coupling in multiferroics is the electric polarization induced by spatially modulated spin structures. It is shown in this paper that the same mechanism works in magnetic dielectrics with inhomogeneous magnetization distribution: the domain walls and magnetic vortexes can be the sources of electric polarization. The electric field driven magnetic domain wall motion is observed in iron garnet films. The electric field induced nucleation of vortex state of magnetic nanodots is theoretically predicted and numerically simulated. From the practical point of view the electric field control of micromagnetic structures suggests a low-power approach for spintronics and magnonics.     

Quantitative analysis of magnetic excitations in Landau flux-closure structures using synchrotron-radiation microscopy

We have measured the excitation spectrum of six micron magnetic squares using x-ray magnetic circular dichroism. We observe all three excitations expected in a Landau flux-closure pattern. High temporal and spatial resolution allows quantitative analysis of the excitations. A short magnetic in plane pulse excites the magnetic element and we observe precessional motion of the magnetization within the domains as well as a domain wall mode and vortex motion. The vortex moves perpendicular to the excitation field and relaxes without showing a circulating orbit.     

消磁场对纳米铁磁线磁畴壁动力学行为的影响

为了实现基于磁畴壁运动的自旋电子学装置, 掌握磁畴壁动力学行为是重要争论之一.研究了在外磁场驱动下L-型纳米铁磁线磁畴壁的动力学行为. 通过微磁学模拟,在各种外磁场的驱动下考察了纳米铁磁线磁畴壁的动力学特性; 在较强外磁场的驱动下, 在不同厚度纳米线上考察了纳米线表面消磁场对磁畴壁动力学行为的影响. 为了进一步证实消磁场对磁畴壁动力学的影响, 在垂直于纳米线表面的外磁场辅助下分析了磁畴壁的动力学行为变化. 结果表明, 随着纳米线厚度和外驱动磁场强度的增加, 增强了纳米线表面的消磁场的形成, 使得磁畴壁内部自旋结构发生周期性变化, 导致磁畴壁在纳米线上传播时出现Walker崩溃现象. 在垂直于纳米线表面的外磁场辅助下, 发现辅助磁场可以调节消磁场的强度和方向. 这意味着利用辅助磁场可以有效地控制纳米铁磁线磁畴壁的动力学行为.     

Dynamic origin of vortex core switching in soft magnetic nanodots

The magnetic vortex with in-plane curling magnetization and out-of-plane magnetization at the core is a unique ground state in nanoscale magnetic elements. This kind of magnetic vortex can be used, through its downward or upward core orientation, as a memory unit for information storage, and thus, controllable core switching deserves some special attention. Our analytical and micromagnetic calculations reveal that the origin of vortex core reversal is a gyrotropic field. This field is induced by vortex dynamic motion and is proportional to the velocity of the moving vortex. Our calculations elucidate the physical origin of the vortex core dynamic reversal, and, thereby, offer a key to effective manipulation of the vortex core orientation.     

Nonequilibrium domain pattern formation in mesoscopic magnetic thin film elements assisted by thermally excited spin fluctuations

The dynamic behavior in the evolving pattern of thermally assisted, nonequilibrium domains in magnetic thin-film elements undergoing ultrafast 180 degrees magnetization reversal was studied. Magnetization reversal enters a fully dynamic regime when the external field conditions are changed much faster than the sample is able to respond. The dynamic pathway develops a complexity not seen in quasistatic reversal but still retains a high level of order with well-developed dynamic domain patterns formed in response to subnanosecond transitions of the external applied magnetic field.     

Dipolar interactions in ferromagnetic thin films

We introduce a discrete model describing the motion of a zigzag domain wall in a disordered ferromagnet with in-plane magnetization, driven by an external magnetic field. The main ingredients are dipolar interactions and anisotropy. We investigate the dynamic hysteresis by analyzing the effects of external field frequency on the coercive field by Monte Carlo simulations. Our results are in good agreement with experiments on Fe/GaAs films reported in literature, and we conclude that dynamic hysteresis in this case can be explained by a single propagating domain wall model without invoking domain nucleation.     

Mechanism of the motion of domain walls with spin wave radiation in uniaxial magnetic films

It is shown, using the example of epitaxial ferrite—garnet films with (111) orientation whose dimensionless damping parameter was varied over a wide range, that for uniaxial magnetic films the mechanism of the motion of the domain walls is universal and includes local rotation of the magnetization ahead of the moving domain wall. The threshold field for the transition to this mechanism of motion of the domain walls is proportional to the uniaxial magnetic anisotropy field. On the curve of the dependence of the domain wall velocity on the acting magnetic field, this mechanism corresponds to the section with increased differential mobility of the domain walls. Magnitooptoelktronika Joint Self-Financing Laboratory, N. R. Ogarev Institute of General Physics, Russian Academy of Sciences, Mordovian State University. Translated from Izvestiya Vysshikh Uchebnykh Zavedenii, Fizika, No. 7, pp. 9–14, July, 1997.     

Nonlinear domain-wall dynamics in a system of two magnetic layers

The nonlinear dynamics of the magnetization in a spin-valve structure is investigated. Equations describing the dynamics of the magnetization in such a structure are obtained. The stability of the solution corresponding to a motionless flat domain wall is investigated. The nonlinear domain-wall dynamics are investigated in the approximation of a strong exchange interaction between the magnetic layers and in the approximation of a large magnetostatic energy. In the former case the nonlinear dynamical equations are shown to be similar to the equations describing the dynamics of the magnetization in a weak ferromagnet, and in the latter case they are similar to the equations of motion of a magnetic vortex (i.e., a vertical Bloch line) in a domain wall. Zh. éksp. Teor. Fiz. 116, 1365–1374 (October 1999)     

Investigation of micromagnetism and magnetic reversal of Ni nanoparticles using a magnetic force microscope

Isolated Ni nanoparticles were studied in situ by atomic and magnetic force microscopy in the presence of an additional external field up to 300 Oe. By comparing topographic and magnetic images, and also by computer modeling of magnetic images, it was established that particles smaller than 100 nm are single-domain and easily undergo magnetic reversal in the direction of the applied external magnetic field. For large magnetic particles, the external magnetic field enhances the magnetization uniformity and the direction of total magnetization of these particles is determined by their shape anisotropy. Characteristics of the magnetic images and magnetic reversal of particles larger than 150 nm are attributed to the formation of a vortex magnetization structure in these particles. Fiz. Tverd. Tela (St. Petersburg) 40, 1277–1283 (July 1998)     

矩形磁性纳米点动力学反磁化过程的微磁学研究

采用微磁学模拟方法研究了初始态为C形磁结构的矩形CoFe纳米点在方波脉冲场作用下的动力学反磁化过程.研究发现,随着脉冲场强的增强,磁体的反磁化模式发生了改变.当场强较弱时反磁化过程通过畴壁移动-单涡旋的形成和移动来完成;当场强较大时反磁化过程模式转变为畴壁移动-双涡旋的形成与移动;在更强的场强下反磁化过程通过畴壁的移动-多涡旋的形成与湮没来实现.由于反磁化模式随场强的变化而改变,反磁化时间随场强的增大出现振荡变化现象. 关键词： 动力学反磁化过程 反磁化时间 微磁学模拟     

Phenomenology of current-induced dynamics in antiferromagnets

We derive a phenomenological theory of current-induced staggered magnetization dynamics in antiferromagnets. The theory captures the reactive and dissipative current-induced torques and the conventional effects of magnetic fields and damping. A Walker ansatz describes the dc current-induced domain-wall motion when there is no dissipation. If magnetic damping and dissipative torques are included, the Walker ansatz remains robust when the domain wall moves slowly. As in ferromagnets, the domain-wall velocity is proportional to the ratio between the dissipative torque and the magnetization damping. In addition, a current-driven antiferromagnetic domain wall acquires a net magnetic moment.     

Regular and chaotic precession of magnetization in magnetic films with a stripe domain structure

Based on a numerical solution of the equations of motion found over a wide range of frequencies of an alternating magnetic field, the nonlinear precession dynamics of magnetization are studied in thin-film structures of the (100) type with a stripe domain structure in a perpendicular bias field. The conditions are determined under which high-amplitude regular and chaotic dynamic regimes occur. Bifurcational variations in the precession of coupled magnetic moments and dynamic-bistability states are detected. The specific features of the spectrum of Lyapunov exponents and of time analogs of Poincaré cross sections of trajectories in chaotic regimes are considered.     

Influence of three-dimensional inhomogeneities of the magnetic parameters on the dynamics of vortex-like domain walls

The interaction of a vortex-like domain wall moving in an external magnetic field with a three-dimensional periodic chain of cubic volumes with high values of the saturation magnetization and magnetic anisotropy constant has been investigated theoretically. It has been found that the result of the interaction depends on the initial distance between the wall and the region of inhomogeneity of magnetic parameters at the moment of turning on the external magnetic field. The pinning of domain walls near the regions with high values of the saturation magnetization and magnetic anisotropy constant has been investigated, and the anisotropy of the corresponding depinning fields has been revealed. The method of investigation is the numerical micromagnetic simulation.     

Effects of damping constant on gyrotropic motion and switching of vortex core in permalloy disk

We investigate the influence of damping constant on the dynamics process of the magnetic vortex in submicron-size permalloy disks by micromagnetic simulations and analytical calculations. Both of them reveal that damping constant influences the trajectory of vortex core gyrotropic motion strongly. Comparing with the case of no damping constant, the steady-state trajectory of vortex core motion becomes ellipse as the amplitude of the oscillating magnetic filed is small. The ellipse becomes more slab-sided and tilting with increasing of damping constant, and the tilting direction is also dependent on the vortex core polarization. As the amplitude of the magnetic field increases to a value, the polarization of the vortex core will reverse and a new vortex with opposite polarization will be produced. With increasing of damping constant, the minimum oscillating magnetic field amplitude H_S0 that can reverse the polarization of the vortex core increases proportionally.