Nd2O3对稻壳合成多孔堇青石陶瓷的影响

用稻壳为硅源和成孔剂,以Nd2O3为添加剂,在1350 ℃烧成了多孔堇青石陶瓷.利用XRD分析了试样在烧结过程中的物相变化,利用SEM观察了烧结试样的显微结构,并测定了烧结试样的抗弯强度、气孔率.结果表明:与未掺Nd2O3的试样相比,掺杂3 wt;Nd2O3后,烧结试样的气孔率无明显变化,但其抗弯强度增加了约4倍,且堇青石的形成温度显著降低.     

La2O3对氧化铝/高岭土复合定向多孔陶瓷性能的影响

以微米级α-Al2O3、陶瓷水体分散剂为主要原料,以La2O3-水洗高岭土为烧结助剂,采用冰模板法制备了一种具有高孔隙率和较高抗压强度的氧化铝/高岭土复合定向多孔陶瓷.研究了不同添加量的La2O3对多孔陶瓷的显气孔率、体积密度、抗压强度和微观形貌的影响.结果表明:添加适量的稀土La2O3能降低多孔陶瓷烧结温度、提高体积密度和抗压强度.通过高能机械球磨法添加La2O3,在1350℃烧结制备的多孔材料样品显气孔率为82;,样品的抗压强度达到10 MPa以上.当La2O3加入量达到3;时,可使多孔陶瓷抗压强度提高到15.2 MPa,较不掺加La2O3提高了约53;.     

不同碳硅比稻壳对原位制备多孔Si3N4陶瓷的影响

以不同C/SiO2的碳化稻壳为硅源、碳源和成孔剂,添加α-Si3N4和少量烧结助剂,利用碳热还原氮化法原位制备多孔氮化硅陶瓷,研究了不同C/SiO2和烧结温度对多孔陶瓷相组成、显气孔率、抗弯强度和微观结构等性能的影响.结果表明:当选用碳化稻壳C/SiO2(质量比)为0.5和0.7时,在1450 ～ 1500℃的试样中有α-Si3N4和β-Si3N4,在1550℃的试样中只有β-Si3N4.C/SiO2为0.7、1450～1550℃下制备出多孔氮化硅陶瓷,其气孔率为52.53; ～38.48;,抗弯强度为44.07～83.40MPa;1550℃制备的多孔β-Si3N4陶瓷中孔隙分布均匀,孔径约为2μm,β-Si3N4呈团簇状生长,长径比约为6～8.     

凝胶注模法制备吸声多孔陶瓷及其性能研究

以普通建筑陶瓷坯料为原料、天然植物胶为凝胶剂,通过凝胶注模工艺研制了吸声多孔陶瓷.研究了多孔陶瓷的显微结构以及多孔陶瓷的显气孔率、孔径和厚度对吸声性能的影响.结果表明:延长浆料搅拌时间可提高试样的显气孔率,而较大的显气孔率使吸声曲线的吸声峰向高频方向偏移,吸声峰值呈现先增加后降低的趋势;适当增加浆料固含量可减小孔径,孔径变小导致试样吸声峰向低频方向缓慢偏移,吸声峰值提高;增加厚度有利于试样吸声峰向低频方向偏移,而不同频率范围内吸声系数变化趋势不同.     

助熔剂法合成α-Al2O3片晶及其多孔陶瓷的制备及表征

实验首先以γ-AlOOH粉体为原料,KCl-Na2SO4复合盐为熔剂,采用助熔剂法合成了α-Al2O3片晶,通过对合成片晶成型烧成,制备具有片状晶体支撑的氧化铝多孔陶瓷材料.并对α-Al2O3片晶形成过程,多孔陶瓷显气孔率、抗折强度、微观结构以及孔径分布进行了研究.研究结果表明,在KCl与Na2SO4复合盐存在情况下,可在900℃条件下合成分散性好,颗粒大小均匀的六方形α-Al2O3片晶,片晶的直径大约在10μm,厚度为0.3～0.5 μm.合成的α-Al2O3片晶具有非常好的烧结活性,在无添加烧结助剂的情况下,1600℃保温2h得到了显气孔率为41.74;,抗折强度为115.34MPa,孔径分布范围窄的氧化铝多孔陶瓷.窄的孔径分布以及优异的机械性能使其成为一种很有前途的膜支撑体和精确过滤材料.     

Al2O3加入量对AlN-Al2O3复相陶瓷制备及性能的影响

以AlN和Al2O3为原料,Y2O3为烧结助剂,N2气氛下在1650 ℃下热压烧结制备出了AlN-Al2O3复相陶瓷;采用X射线衍射、扫描电子显微镜和透射电子显微镜等对复相材料的相组成、显微结构进行表征.研究了Al2O3加入量对AlN-Al2O3复相材料的强度、热导率和介电性能的影响.结果表明,Al2O3加入量的增加可促进材料的烧结致密化和抑制AlN基体晶粒的生长.Al2O3含量为20 wt;和30 wt;时可制得致密的AlN-Al2O3复相陶瓷.Al2O3利用其高强度和弥散强化作用对AlN基体起到了明显的增强效果.随着Al2O3加入量的增加,试样的抗弯强度显著提高,热导率和介电性能也得到改善.加入30 wt; Al2O3的复相陶瓷的抗弯强度和热导率达到最大值457 Mpa和57 W/(m·K),介电常数和介电损耗达到最低值9.32和2.6×10-4.当Al2O3含量达到40 wt;以后,材料中部分AlN与Al2O3反应生成AlON,从而使材料的抗弯强度、热导率和介电性能又明显下降.     

La2O3掺杂对BaTiO3-Nb2O5-Fe2O3陶瓷的晶体结构和介电性能的影响

研究了La2O3 掺杂对BaTiO3-Nb2O5-Fe2O3(BTNF)基陶瓷的晶体结构和介电性能的影响.XRD分析表明:La2O3掺杂陶瓷的(200)和(002)晶面衍射峰都发生了明显分裂,说明陶瓷均以四方相为主晶相.随着La2O3含量的增加,四方率先增大后减小.用SEM研究La2O3对BTNF基陶瓷微观结构的影响,结果表明:随着La2O3掺杂量的增加,试样的晶粒明显变小,La2O3显著的抑制了晶粒的生长.当La2O3掺杂量为0.15 mol;时,陶瓷晶粒生长比较均匀.陶瓷的室温介电常数大体上呈现出先增大后减小的趋势,当La2O3掺杂量为0.15 mol;时,有最大介电常数4562.     

不同粒度的Fe2O3对堇青石蜂窝陶瓷性能的影响

以高岭土、滑石粉、工业氧化铝和不同粒度的Fe2O3粉为原料,研究了Fe2 O3粉的粒度对堇青石蜂窝陶瓷相组成、微观形貌和孔径分布的影响.实验结果表明:随着外加Fe2O3粉粒度的减小,加快了离子扩散速率,固溶量增加,堇青石的固相反应速率增加.当Fe2O3粉粒度为5μm和50μm时试样的微观结构中有微裂纹产生,为降低材料的热膨胀系数打下了基础.随着加入Fe2O3粉粒度的逐渐增大,产生液相,填充了试样中微孔,使孔径尺寸减小,孔径数量减少.     

Y2O3添加对Nb2O5低膨胀陶瓷结构与性能的影响

采用高温固相烧结法制备了Y2O3改性Nb2O5低膨胀陶瓷材料.研究了Y2O3添加量对Nb2O5陶瓷的物相组成、微观结构、气孔率、热膨胀性能、抗弯强度和抗热震性能等的影响.结果表明,经1390℃保温2h烧成,纯Nb2O5陶瓷样品存在开裂现象,表现出低的抗弯强度和差的抗热震性能.添加2～ 10;Y2O3后,样品主晶相为单斜相Nb2O5,还生成了YNbO4晶相.通过添加适量Y2O3改性,可抑制Nb2O5陶瓷烧成过程中的晶粒增长和避免开裂现象,形成致密的微观结构,样品的抗弯强度和抗热震性能显著提高.Nb2O5陶瓷的热膨胀系数随Y2O3添加量的增加而逐渐增大.Y2O3添加量为6;时,样品的热膨胀系数和抗弯强度分别为1.9×10-6/℃和103.4 MPa,表现出良好的抗热震性能.     

纳米η-Al2O3无压烧结制备单相氧化铝陶瓷

采用99;纳米η-Al2O3为原料,无压烧结制备单相氧化铝陶瓷,通过TG-DSC、XRD和SEM等手段对试样进行分析和表征,并测试其力学性能.结果表明:纳米η-Al2O3 1084.8℃时转变为α-Al2O3,转变温度小于理论转变温度;晶型转变释放的能量能够降低氧化铝陶瓷的烧结温度,1550℃时试样的相对密度达91.48;,显气孔率为2.45;,断裂韧性较高.由于η-Al2O3的密度小于α-Al2O3,无压烧结时试样发生晶型转变产生体积收缩,致密性较低,直接用η-Al2O3制备致密的单相Al2O3陶瓷较为困难.     

CaO-MgO-Al2O3-Fe2O3-B2O3-SiO2系微晶釉的制备

通过引入B2O3以降低烧成温度,利用赤泥中的Fe2O3为着色剂,在1150℃左右低温烧成制备了CaO-MgO-Al2O3-Fe2O3-B2O3-SiO2系微晶釉.赤泥的加入量为20;左右时,釉面具有良好的装饰效果和显微硬度.利用XRD、SEM研究了釉的物相及显微组织.结果表明,釉中析出的微晶是普通辉石,微晶的含量随MgO及CaO的含量增加而增加,而提高Al2O3含量则抑制微晶的析出.     

Pr2O3对含Cr2O3辉石系矿渣微晶玻璃晶化行为的影响

以白云鄂博西尾矿和粉煤灰为主要原料,分别制备了添加0,2.0wt;,4.0wt;和6.0wt; Pr2O3的辉石系矿渣微晶玻璃;综合采用基于DSC/DTA结果的析晶活化能Ek、Avrami指数以及粘流活化能Eη和背散射电子SEM显微形貌分析研究了Pr2O3对析晶的影响.结果表明在所研究范围内,Pr2O3含量的提高在整体上抑制了辉石相的析出.其原因除了与富Pr颗粒相对辉石相在析晶过程中的“钉扎”有关外,还与Pr2O3含量提高后使基础玻璃网络聚合程度加大,从而增大了辉石相形成所需离子扩散的阻力有关.     

Fe2O3-CO3O4共掺杂MgO-Al2O3-SiO2体系的红外辐射性能研究

采用固相反应法制备Fe2O3-Co3O4共掺杂MgO-Al2O3-SiO2体系的复合陶瓷材料,并通过XRD、SEM、XPS以及红外辐射测试等方法研究了样品的结晶行为与红外辐射性能.结果表明:Fe2 O3和Co3 O4共掺杂MgO-Al2 O3-SiO2体系后离子分布改变并生成混合尖晶石,从而引起品格畸变,从而有效提高材料的红外辐射性能.材料的红外发射率与其晶格畸变程度具有相同的变化趋势,并随Fe2 O3与Co3O4质量之比(R)的增加呈非线性变化.当R=3∶2时,材料在8 ～ 14 μm波段的辐射率可达0.92.     

EPR and magnetic susceptibility studies of B2O3–Bi2O3–Gd2O3 glasses

Glasses of the xGd₂O₃ · (100 − x)[B₂O₃ · Bi₂O₃] system with 0.5 ⩽ x ⩽ 10 mol% were studied by electron paramagnetic resonance (EPR) and magnetic susceptibility measurements. Data obtained show that for low gadolinium oxide contents of the samples (x ⩽ 3 mol%) the Gd³⁺ ions are randomly distributed in the host glass matrix and are present as isolated and dipole–dipole coupled species. For higher gadolinium oxide contents of the samples (x > 3 mol%) the Gd³⁺ ions appear as both isolated and antiferromagnetically coupled species. The EPR spectra of the glasses reveal resonance sites with an unexpected high crystalline field in addition to the ‘U’ spectrum, typical for Gd³⁺ ions in disordered systems. This absorption line is due to Gd³⁺ ions that replace Bi³⁺ ions from the host glass matrix and could play the network unconventional former role in the studied glasses.     

Yb2O3-Y2O3-Gd2O3-ZrO2热障涂层制备及性能研究

以Yb2O3、Y2O3 、Gd2O3稀土氧化物粉末和ZrOCl2·8H2O粉末为原料,采用化学共沉淀法制备了Yb2O3-Y2O3-Gd2O3-ZrO2 (YYGZO)热喷涂用粉末,采用大气等离子喷涂技术制备了YYGZO涂层,利用场发射扫描电镜(FESEM)、X射线衍射(XRD)研究了YYGZO粉末及涂层的微观组织形貌、相结构.结果表明,制备的热喷涂YYGZO粉末大部分呈规则实心球体状,且球形度良好,颗粒粒径均匀,大部分颗粒粒径分布为30～60μm,流动性能较好,满足大气等离子喷涂的要求.YYGZO涂层具有较好的高温相结构稳定性.所制备YYGZO热障涂层组织结构比较致密,涂层各个界面结合紧密,孔隙率约为9.23;,结合强度为35.2 MPa.     

R2O-RO-SiO2-Al2O3-Fe2O3-P2O5系分相釉的研究

针对铁红分相釉的配方特点,采用L8(4 ×24)正交实验研究了钠长石、牛骨灰、滑石、方解石、石英加入量对R2O-RO-SiO2-Al2O3-Fe2O3-P2O5系统分相釉釉面效果的影响,采用扫描电子显微镜(SEM)和能谱分析(EDS)对釉层的微观结构进行了表征.研究发现:牛骨灰对釉面是否出现“柿红”效果影响最显著,而方解石影响最不明显.Si/P摩尔比对铁红色釉面的产生起关键作用,当Si/P摩尔比小于2O,出现铁红釉面效果的概率极高.随着滑石加入量从9份变化到18份,出现铁红色釉面的趋势反而降低.经SEM和EDS分析发现,“柿红色”、“酒红色”釉面效果的产生很大程度上是由于釉层液液分相促进Fe2O3富集或偏析造成,且特别容易在高钠、低镁、低铝处聚集,最终连成雪花状结晶.     

Thermal expansion and transition temperature of glasses in the systems BeO–Al2O3–B2O3 and MgO–Al2O3–B2O3

Researches were conducted for glasses in the systems BeO–Al₂O₃–B₂O₃ and MgO–Al₂O₃–B₂O. The following characteristics have been determined: thermal expansion coefficient within 20–300 °C, structural thermal expansion coefficient (STEC) and glass transition temperature. The discussed properties of Be-aluminoborate and Mg-aluminoborate glasses have been compared with those of Ca-, Sr- and Ba-aluminoborate glasses. TEC of studied glasses gets higher going from Be-aluminoborate glasses to Ba-aluminoborate ones, but T_g decreases under the same succession. The dependence of STEC on the nature of a given cation is more complicated. The pattern of dependence of the properties on composition is due to changing the boron coordination number with respect to oxygen, which is the main network-former, and to competition between the aluminium and boron for the oxygen brought by an ion-modifier. The difference between the effect of one ion-modifier and that of another is determined by decreasing the radius of an ion and increasing its electric field strength in the succession from Ba²⁺ to Be²⁺. The ions of Be and Mg can also act as network-former to some extent.     

Structural properties of Cr2O3–Fe2O3–P2O5 glasses,Part I

The structural properties of xCr₂O₃–(40 − x)Fe₂O₃–60P₂O₅, 0 ⩽ x ⩽ 10 (mol%) glasses have been investigated by Raman and Mössbauer spectroscopies, X-ray diffraction (XRD) and differential scanning calorimetry (DSC). The Raman spectra show that the addition of up to 5.3 mol% Cr₂O₃ does not produce any changes in the glass structure, which consists predominantly of pyrophosphate, Q¹, units. This is in accordance with O/P ≈ 3.5 for these glasses. The increase in glass density and T_g that occurs with increasing Cr₂O₃ suggests the strengthening of glass network. The Mössbauer spectra indicate that the Fe²⁺/Fe_tot ratio increases from 0.13 to 0.28 with increasing Cr₂O₃ content up to 5.3 mol%, which can be related to an increase in the melting temperature from 1423 to 1473 K. After annealing, the 10Cr₂O₃–30Fe₂O₃–60P₂O₅ (mol%) sample was partially crystallized and contained crystalline β-CrPO₄ and Fe₃(P₂O₇)₂. The SEM and AFM micrographs of the partially crystallized sample revealed randomly distributed crystals embedded in a homogeneous glass matrix. EDS analysis indicated that the glass matrix was rich in Fe₂O₃ (39.6 mol%) and P₂O₅ (54.9 mol%), but contained only 5.5 mol% of Cr₂O₃. These results suggest that the maximum solubility of chromium in these iron phosphate melts is 5.5 mol% Cr₂O₃.     

BaTiO3-Nb2O5-Fe2O3陶瓷介电性能的研究

利用传统方法制备了BaTiO3-Nb2O5-Fe2O3(BTNF)陶瓷,采用X射线衍射仪、电容测试仪、电滞回线测量仪等测试手段研究了不同添加剂(Fe2O3、Co2O3、Nb2O5)对陶瓷晶体结构、介电性能及铁电性的影响.结果表明:Nb2O5是施主掺杂,易引起晶格畸变,使四方率增大;而Fe2O3为受主掺杂,其可提高氧空位浓度,促进BaTiO3陶瓷晶粒生长.同时掺杂Fe2O3、Nb2O5时,可以相互补偿.当Fe2O3浓度约为0.15;摩尔分数,Nb2O5浓度为0.79;摩尔分数时,陶瓷的介电常数达到4443,温度特性≤±10;,可以满足Y5P瓷料的要求.     

In2O3 and tin-doped In2O3 nanocrystals prepared by glass crystallization

Glasses in the system Na₂O/B₂O₃/Al₂O₃/In₂O₃/(SnO₂) were melted and subsequently tempered in the range from 540 to 700 °C. This led to the crystallization of In₂O₃, besides also NaBO₂ and Na₂Al₂B₂O₇ were formed. The crystallite sizes were in the range from 12 to 34 nm, depending on the temperature of thermal treatment, as calculated from XRD-line broadening. Crystal sizes determined by TEM were in the same range. Particle size histograms show a narrow crystal size distribution. After crystallization, the glass matrices and the non indium-containing crystalline phases were dissolved in diluted acetic acid. Spectra of the obtained suspensions containing tin-doped In₂O₃ nanocrystals exhibited a sharp UV-cut off, high transmission in the visible range and strongly decreasing transmission at wavelengths >1000 nm.