层数对梯度自润滑陶瓷刀具材料Al2O3/TiC/CaF2残余应力的影响

针对陶瓷减摩性能与耐磨性能不能在自润滑刀具中合理兼顾的难题,本研究将梯度功能材料设计思想引入Al2O3/TiC/CaF2自润滑陶瓷刀具材料的设计和制造中,并建立了该梯度自润滑陶瓷刀具材料的物理模型、组成分布模型和物性参数模型.采用有限元方法计算分析了层数对对称型梯度自润滑陶瓷刀具残余应力的影响,确定了最佳层数为7层.以本设计模型和有限元分析结果为基础,制备了分布指数为1.8的7层梯度自润滑陶瓷刀具材料Al2O3/TiC/CaF2.试验结果表明:所制备的梯度自润滑陶瓷刀具材料具有良好的力学性能.     

Al2O3／（W，Ti）C纳米复合陶瓷材料的显微结构

使用纳米、亚微米级的α-Al2O3粉体和微米级的(W,Ti)C粉体为原料,采用热压烧结工艺制备了Al2O3/(W,Ti)C纳米复合陶瓷材料.对热压后材料的硬度、断裂韧性和抗弯强度进行了测试和分析,利用透射电镜、扫描电镜及X衍射仪对Al2O3/(W,Ti)C纳米复合陶瓷材料的微观组织和结构进行了研究.结果表明,增强相(W,Ti)C与基体Al2O3互相穿插、包裹,界面结合良好,形成了典型的骨架结构;球磨后的(W,Ti)C颗粒粒度分布广泛,热压烧结后与基体材料形成了内晶/晶间型结构;断裂模式的改变、内部残余应力场、位错机制、裂纹分叉和偏转等促进了材料强度和韧性的提高.     

稀土强化Al2O3/Ti(C,N)陶瓷材料的组分设计及其使用性能研究

以稀土强化Al2O3/Ti(C,N)陶瓷材料为基础,进行了基于抗冲击性能、抗热震性能和耐磨性能的组分设计.结果发现,与最佳的抗冲击性能、抗热震性能和耐磨性能相对应,弥散相Ti(C,N)的最优体积含量分别为27.7;、26.5;和30.7;,其最优性能分别比纯Al2O3陶瓷提高约71.4;、40.4;和28.9;.在此基础上,实验研究了稀土强化Al2O3/Ti(C,N)陶瓷材料用于刀具时的切削特性.表明该材料具有良好的耐磨性能,可以作为刀具材料使用.     

自润滑Al2O3/TiC/CaF2复合陶瓷材料摩擦特性

为了探索自润滑陶瓷材料的开发及应用,采用冷压烧结工艺制备Al2O3/TiC/CaF2自润滑复合陶瓷材料。在摩擦磨损实验机上对其进行摩擦磨损实验,并对其摩擦磨损行为及自润滑效应进行分析。结果表明:在实验过程中,Al2O3/TiC/CaF2复合陶瓷材料物理机械性能优于同条件下制备的Al2O3/TiC复合陶瓷材料,且具有较低的摩擦因数和磨损率,其减摩抗磨效果明显,具有一定的自润滑效应,其减摩抗磨机理为摩擦驱动下CaF2存在于摩擦副表面,形成减摩抗磨层,在表面形成一层平整、光滑的自润滑层,增加摩擦表面实际接触面积,起到自润滑效应。     

以Ni/Al为助剂的TiB2-B4C陶瓷刀具制备及其切削钛合金性能研究

以Ni/Al为助剂在1800℃热压烧结制备了Ni/Al含量分别为0vol;(TB)、5vol;(TBNA5)和10vol;(TBNA10)的TiB2-B4C刀具材料,研究了其致密化机理、显微结构、力学性能和切削削钛合金(Ti6Al4V)的性能.结果表明,5vol;Ni/Al助剂的引入将TiB2-B4 C的相对密度从80;提高到96;,所制备的TBNA5刀具的抗弯强度、断裂韧性和维氏硬度分别为711 MPa、4.6 MPa·m1/2和22.7 GPa,Ni/Al助剂的引入显著改善了TiB2-B4 C陶瓷的致密化和抗弯强度,但是进一步增加Ni/Al助剂的含量(10vol;),将降低其抗弯强度和硬度.切削性能研究表明,与硬质合金刀具相比,TiB2-B4 C陶瓷刀具切削Ti6Al4V的初期磨损较快,但由于更好的高温性能,其后期磨损更慢,且磨损速率更加稳定,其主要磨损机理为粘结磨损和微崩刃,其中含5vol;Ni/Al助剂的TiB2-B4 C陶瓷刀具有相对较好的切削性能.     

添加MWCNTs陶瓷拉拔模具材料的摩擦特性研究

通过真空热压烧结方法制备了添加多壁碳纳米管(MWCNTs)的Al2 O3/TiC/MWCNTs陶瓷拉拔模具材料,研究了其摩擦磨损性能、机械性能,并对其磨损机理进行了分析.研究表明:MWCNTs能够减小Al2O3/TiC陶瓷拉拔模具材料的摩擦系数,当MWCNTs含量为5;时,Al2O3/TiC/MWCNTs陶瓷的摩擦系数最小;随着MWCNTs含量的增加,磨损量呈现先下降后上升趋势,当MWCNTs含量为4;时,Al2O3/TiC/MWCNTs陶瓷的磨损量最小.摩擦过程中,MWCNTs被拖覆到摩擦表面,具有自润滑效果,起到减摩抗磨作用.     

c-BN含量对(Ti,W)C/WC/Co金属陶瓷刀具材料力学性能的影响

采用真空热压烧结工艺制备了(Ti,W)C/WC/c-BN/Co金属陶瓷刀具材料,分析了(Ti,W)C/WC/c-BN/Co金属陶瓷刀具材料的微观结构、元素成分和物相组成,研究了不同含量c-BN对(Ti,W)C/WC/c-BN/Co金属陶瓷刀具材料微观结构和力学性能的影响.研究结果表明:适量添加c-BN 能有效细化颗粒,减少气孔等缺陷,提高材料的相对密度,(Ti,W)C/WC/c-BN/Co金属陶瓷刀具材料的断裂模式为穿/沿晶混合断裂模式;当c-BN含量为1wt;时,(Ti,W)C/WC/c-BN/Co金属陶瓷刀具的综合力学性能最优,其抗弯强度、断裂韧性和维氏硬度分别为769.32±10.21 MPa、6.69±0.18 MPa·m1/2和22.83±0.46 GPa.     

添加纳米Ti(C7N3)的ZrO2基纳米陶瓷模具材料

本文针对模具对陶瓷材料的要求,从提高陶瓷模具材料的综合力学性能出发,采用纳米复合方法制备出具有较高综合力学性能的纳米陶瓷模具材料.研究了纳米Ti(C7N3)和Y2O3的组分含量对纳米陶瓷模具材料微观结构和力学性能的影响,结果表明添加纳米Ti(C7N3)和Y2O3的氧化锆纳米陶瓷模具材料的力学性能优于纯氧化锆陶瓷材料,纳米颗粒的添加改善了材料的微观结构和力学性能.当纳米Ti(C7N3)和Y2O3的添加量分别为17.15vol;和5 mol;时,材料的综合性能最好,其抗弯强度为814MPa、断裂韧性6.35 MPa· m1/2、维氏硬度11.87 GPa.     

Al2O3加入量对AlN-Al2O3复相陶瓷制备及性能的影响

以AlN和Al2O3为原料,Y2O3为烧结助剂,N2气氛下在1650 ℃下热压烧结制备出了AlN-Al2O3复相陶瓷;采用X射线衍射、扫描电子显微镜和透射电子显微镜等对复相材料的相组成、显微结构进行表征.研究了Al2O3加入量对AlN-Al2O3复相材料的强度、热导率和介电性能的影响.结果表明,Al2O3加入量的增加可促进材料的烧结致密化和抑制AlN基体晶粒的生长.Al2O3含量为20 wt;和30 wt;时可制得致密的AlN-Al2O3复相陶瓷.Al2O3利用其高强度和弥散强化作用对AlN基体起到了明显的增强效果.随着Al2O3加入量的增加,试样的抗弯强度显著提高,热导率和介电性能也得到改善.加入30 wt; Al2O3的复相陶瓷的抗弯强度和热导率达到最大值457 Mpa和57 W/(m·K),介电常数和介电损耗达到最低值9.32和2.6×10-4.当Al2O3含量达到40 wt;以后,材料中部分AlN与Al2O3反应生成AlON,从而使材料的抗弯强度、热导率和介电性能又明显下降.     

Al2O3-TiC/Al2O3-TiC-CaF2叠层陶瓷拉拔模具坯体的叠层结构优化分析

采用真空热压烧结的方式制备出Al2O3-TiC/Al2O3-TiC-CaF2叠层陶瓷拉拔模具坯体.通过显微压痕强度实验,研究Al2O3-TiC层和Al2 O3-TiC-CaF2层的叠层厚度和层厚比对陶瓷材料硬度和断裂韧性的影响,并且用有限元方法对叠层陶瓷材料烧结过程中的残余应力进行分析.结果表明:Al2O3-TiC/Al2O3-TiC-CaF2叠层陶瓷拉拔模具坯体具有良好的层间界面,晶粒结合紧密;在模具坯体叠层部分总高度不变的情况下,当叠层数目为5,层厚比(Al2O3-TiC层:Al2O3-TiC-CaF2层)为1∶1时,叠层陶瓷拉拔模具坯体的硬度值和断裂韧性值达到最大,分别为18.2 ±0.3 GPa和5.7 ±0.2 MPa·m1/2;在烧结冷却过程中,由于不同材料层的热膨胀系数和弹性模量而引起的残余应力是该叠层陶瓷拉拔模具坯体具有良好机械性能的原因.     

Ultraviolet Absorption of Hg2Cl2-and Hg2Br2 Single Crystals

The optical unpolarized absorption spectra of Hg₂Cl₂ and Hg₂Br₂ single crystals were measured in the spectral range 230–400 nm. A sharp exciton peak and other absorption bands of both halides were observed near the fundamental absorption edge. The absorption peaks due to the splitting of the halogen doublet were also observed. Positions of the exciton peaks are characteristic for the Frenkel (localized) type of excitons. Possible interpretations of the other observed bands are discussed.     

Crystal structure of Rb2[GeO2(OH)2]·2H2O

Single crystals of Rb₂[GeO₂(OH)₂] · 2H₂O are studied by X-ray diffraction. The crystals belong to the orthorhombic system, sp. gr. Pna2₁, a = 13.523(6) Å, b = 8.143(4) Å, c = 13.407(6) Å, Z = 8, R ₁ = 0.0506. In [GeO₂(OH)₂]^2? anions, the Ge-O distances (1.71–1.73(1) Å) are shorter than the Ge-OH distances (1.76–1.80(1) Å). Anions are linked to each other by pairs of hydrogen bonds to form infinite chains. The chains are linked by hydrogen bonds involving water molecules to form a 3D structure. The assignment of the bands in the IR spectrum of the compound under study is performed.     

Optical Properties of MnIn2S2Se2 Single Crystals

Optical transmittance and reflectance spectra of MnIn₂S₂Se₂ single crystals are measured in the wavelength range from 0.5 to 30 μm. The interference method is used to determine the refractive index of the compound for wavelengths between 0.8 and 12 μm. From an analysis of the absorption spectrum it follows that the fundamental edge is due to forbidden indirect transitions between parabolic bands for the polarization E ⊥ c with a gap energy of 1.50 eV at room temperature.     

Identification of a new family of diphosphate compounds, AI2BII3(P2O7)2: Structures of Ag2Co3(P2O7)2, Ag2Mn3(P2O7)2, and Na2Cd3(P2O7)2

Syntheses and single-crystal X-ray structural results are reported for three new mixed diphosphates of the family A^I ₂B^II ₃(P₂O₇)₂; Ag₂Co₃(P₂O₇)₂ (I), Ag₂Mn₃(P₂O₇)₂ (II), and Na₂Cd₃(P₂O₇)₂ (III). All crystallize in the triclinic system, space group P1 bar: (I) a = 5.351(4), b = 6.375(4), c = 16.532(4) Å, = 80.83(6) = 81.45(4), = 72.87(5)°, V = 528.9(6) ų, Z = 2, D _calc = 4.649 mg/m³, R/Rw = 0.0428/0.0548 for 3949 obs. reflns; (II) a = 5.432(7), b = 6.619(6), c = 16.51(3) Å, = 80.78(8) = 82.43(9), = 72.82(7)°, V = 557.7(13) ų, Z = 2, D _calc = 4.338 mg/m³, R/Rw = 0.0679/0.1303 for 2100 obs. reflns and (III) a = 5.67(3), b = 7.08(4), c = 7.90(4) Å, = 77.0(2), = 82.5(2), = 67.8(2)°, V = 286(3) ų, Z = 2, D _calc = 4.249 mg/m³, R/Rw = 0.0307/0.0342 for 1945 obs. reflns. (I) and (II) are isostructural but (III) is of a different type. All three structures are characterized by layers of P₂O₇ groups alternating with layers of mixed metal atoms. Differences are seen in the conglomerate bonding patterns of B atoms and in the irregular geometry of Ag in (I) and (II) compared to the octahedral bonding seen for Na in (III). The differences in structure may be understood in terms of the ratios of the ionic radii of A and B atoms.     

Dissociation of LiAlO2 and LiGaO2

The thermodynamic calculations of dissociation of LiAlO₂ and LiGaO₂ as function of temperature and oxygen pressure are presented. It has been found that LiGaO₂ evaporates congruently at the melting point under the oxygen pressure equal to 1 · 10^—5 atm. LiAlO₂ evaporates incongruently, the equilibrium oxygen partial pressure at the melting point is equal to 9.6 · 10^—5 atm and the partial pressure of Li and Al oxides decrease with increasing of oxygen pressure.     

The Improvement of Superconductivity in PbxBi2-xSr2CaCu2Oy

In this paper we present the results of recent studies on the improvement of superconductivity in Pb_xBi_2-xSr₂CaCu₂O_y single crystals by preventing impurities incorporation, employing ZrO₂ crucible for crystal growth and post annealing the as-grown crystals in vacuum or argon. It is realized that the superconductivity of as-grown crystals is improved.     

Ru掺杂MoS2对SO2F2和H2S气体吸附的第一性原理研究

本文基于第一性原理探讨了Ru掺杂的单层MoS₂(Ru-MoS₂)的结构及其对SF₆绝缘设备中的两种主要分解气体SO₂F₂和H₂S的传感和吸附行为。Ru原子进入硫空位从而产生Ru-MoS₂,结果表明,Ru-MoS₂对SO₂F₂和H₂S气体的吸附能(E_ad)分别为-1.52和-2.11 eV,属于化学吸附。通过能带分析(BS)和态密度(DOS)分析进一步证明了两个体系的吸附性能,并阐述了Ru-MoS₂用于电阻式气体传感器时的气体吸附传感机制。除此之外,本文在理论上探索了不同温度下Ru-MoS₂解吸附SO₂F₂和H₂S的恢复时间,在598 K温度下,SO₂F₂吸附体系的恢复时间为6...     

Synthesis and characterization of (NH4)2CuBr2Cl2·2H2O crystals

Single crystals of a new compound, (NH₄)₂CuBr₂Cl₂.2H₂O, were grown from saturated aqueous solution at room temperature by slow evaporation method. The grown crystals were characterized through elemental, powder XRD, thermal and DSC analyses and FTIR and far IR spectra. The elemental analysis and the decomposition pattern formulated using the TG‐DTG studies confirm the stoichiometry of the compound. The crystallinity of the compound is confirmed from the powder XRD pattern. A preliminary single crystal X‐ray diffraction structural analysis reveals that the title compound belongs to the orthorhombic system with a = 7.7466 Å, b = 7.783 Å and c = 8.1211 Å. The low temperature DSC shows thermal anomalies at –161.1, –156.5, –152.4, –145.2, –134, –18.5, and 1.4°C during the heating run and at –4.3, –54.8, –66.1, –90.6, –109.7 and –147.2 °C during the cooling run. The thermal hysterses indicate first order phase transitions in the title compound at these temperatures. The FTIR spectra were used to assign the characteristic vibrational frequencies due to NH₄⁺, CuX₄^2– ions and other chemical bonds. The effect of substitution of two bromine atoms on the phase transitions of a closely related crystal, diammonium tetrachloro cuprate dihydrate is also discussed. (© 2005 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)     

Optical properties of the germanate melilites Sr2MgGe2O7, Sr2ZnGe2O7 and Ba2ZnGe2O7

Refractive indices and their dispersion in the wavelength range from 365 nm to 2325 nm and transmission ranges of the tetragonal melilite‐type germanates Sr₂MgGe₂O₇, Sr₂ZnGe₂O₇ and Ba₂ZnGe₂O₇ were determined. The uniaxial positive crystals Sr₂MgGe₂O₇ and Ba₂ZnGe₂O₇ both offer the possibility for phase matched second harmonic generation, a detailed analysis of phase matching conditions is given. The refractive indices of Sr₂ZnGe₂O₇ show an isoindex (isotropic) point at 467 nm. The investigation was performed on Czochralski grown large single crystals. The crystal structure of all three germanates were determined by means of X ‐ray diffraction. The results corroborate unmodulated melilite‐type structures at room temperature. (© 2009 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)     

Structure of {Pb[S2CN(C2H5)2]2(1,10-phenanthroline)}2

Lead (II) nitrate reacts with 1,10-phenanthroline and sodium diethyldithiocarbamate in water to produce yellow bisdiethyldithiocarbamata 1,10-phenanthroline lead(II). Crystals from water are triclinic, space group $P\bar 1$ (#2),a=10.53(2) Å,b=11.050(12)Å,c=24.74 (3) Å, α=94.71 (9)⁰, β=98.15(11)^o, γ=114.11(9)^o,V=2569(6) ų,Z=2. Each lead atom has approximate pentagonal pyramid coordination geometry through the nitrogens of a phenathroline and sulfurs of two dithiocarbamates. Additionally, complexes form loose dimers in which lead atoms are weakly coordinated to a sulfur in an adjacent complex. IR and proton nmr spectrum of the complex are consistent with the solid state structure.