基于2-可加模糊测度的NPD项目复杂性评价

针对NPD项目复杂性各因素间具有的关联性以及传统评价方法的局限性,提出一种基于关联多属性的2-可加模糊测度方法来对NPD项目复杂性进行评价。在界定项目复杂性内涵的基础上,从产品复杂性、环境复杂性、组织复杂性和技术复杂性四个方面构建了NPD项目复杂性评价指标体系。从模糊测度、默比乌斯变换和交互作用系数间的转化关系出发,基于最大Marichal熵原则,提出了一种确定2-可加模糊测度值的新方法。利用Choquet积分作为集结算子,自下而上计算各候选方案的综合评价值。最后,通过具体算例说明了该方法的可行性和有效性。     

Applying a direct multi-granularity linguistic and strategy-oriented aggregation approach on the assessment of supply performance

Supply performance has the active continuity behaviors, which covers the past, present and future of time horizons. Thus, supply performance possesses distinct uncertainty on individual behavior, which is inadequate to assess with quantification. This study utilizes the linguistic variable instead of numerical variable to offset the inaccuracy on quantification, and employs the fitting linguistic scale in accordance with the characteristic of supply behavior to enhance the applicability. Furthermore, the uniformity is introduced to transform the linguistic information uniformly from different scales. Finally, the linguistic ordered weighted averaging operator with maximal entropy applies in direct to aggregate the combination of linguistic information and product strategy to ensure the assessment results meeting the enterprise requirements, and then to emulate mental decision making in humans by the linguistic manner.     

The efficiency of joint decision making in buyer-supplier relationships

This paper examines the effectiveness of joint decision making within 87 pairs of buyer-supplier relationships in manufacturing. Joint decision making is an important attribute of a more cooperative supply chain relationship that may ultimately result in a better performance. Efficiency is modeled as a multiple criteria problem using Data Envelopment Analysis (DEA). Inputs of five kinds of joint decision making activity are examined relative to two measures of output based on the assessment of the buying firm. Three contingent constructs (product customization and innovation, media richness of the communication between buyer and supplier, and continuity in the relationship) are then examined for their impact on the relative performance of each pair. The implications for the management of supply chain relationships and benchmarking of best practice are then discussed.     

An axiomatization of entropy of capacities on set systems

We present an axiomatization of the entropy of capacities defined on set systems which are not necessarily the whole power set, but satisfy a condition of regularity. This entropy encompasses the definition of Marichal and Roubens for the entropy of capacities. Its axiomatization is in the spirit of the one of Faddeev for the classical Shannon entropy. In addition, we present also an axiomatization of the entropy for capacities proposed by Dukhovny.     

不确定条件下应急供应链可靠性评价模型

以应急供应链可靠性为评价对象,在对其影响因素进行分析的基础上,从保障机制、信息系统、网络结构、运作流程、资金保障五个方面构建了评价指标体系,考虑应急供应链可靠性评价信息受主客观因素影响难以精确测定,依据指标特点运用语言评价值,区间值,数值多种形式测定指标值,然后将语言评价值和数值转化为区间值,运用层次分析法、熵值法分别计算一、二级指标权重,再运用联系数对指标值和权重进行集结排序。最后设计算例验证了模型的有效性和适用性。     

基于双边犹豫模糊非均衡语言优先集成算子的应急响应预案评估方法

在应用多属性决策理论求解应急响应预案评估问题时,问题结构的复杂性往往使决策者评价信息存在高度不确定性且属性相对重要性仅能以优先级关系来表征。为此,本文首先提出了双边犹豫模糊非均衡语言集这种新型信息形式以使决策者能够灵活有效的表征复杂评价信息,并定义了运算法则、熵和距离测度;其次,基于熵测度开发了双边犹豫模糊非均衡语言优先加权集成算子,并构建了能够考虑属性优先关系的多属性决策方法;进一步针对属性相对重要性不能由定性分析获得的情况,设计了客观权重确定方法,并构建了另一种更具实际灵活性的VIKOR决策方法;最后,实例研究表明了方法的有效性与优势。     

授权制造下碳交易对制造/再制造影响及协调机制研究

在授权制造下,为分析碳交易对制造/再制造供应链影响和研究供应链协调机制,基于授权制造分别构建由一个原始制造商和一个再制造商参与的分散决策博弈模型和集中决策博弈模型,对比分析政府碳交易政策对两种决策模式最优解影响,并针对制造商分散决策导致的边际损失问题,给出固定授权费的协调机制。研究主要得到：无论分散决策还是集中决策,当碳交易价格大于某一阈值时,碳交易不仅可以降低两种产品对环境的影响,还增加消费者剩余;分散决策时,在碳交易下原始制造商可以通过降低单位授权再制造费用来增加利润;原始制造商和再制造商可以签订固定授权费的契约来协调供应链利润。     

基于相对熵的多粒度语言信息的多属性群决策方法

针对具有多粒度语言评价信息的多属性群决策问题,提出了一种基于二元语义信息处理和相对熵的群决策方法。该方法首先给出了多粒度语言评价信息一致化为由基本语言评价集表示的相同粒度二元语义信息的方法,然后对于属性权重信息不完全的情形,建立了基于相对熵的多目标规划模型获得相应的属性权重,并利用二元语义的集结算子对语言评价信息进行加权集成,从而获得各个决策方案的排序和择优结果;最后给出一个实例分析,说明了该方法的有效性和可行性。     

考虑政府约束的再制造闭环供应链差别定价博弈模型

本文考虑政府对废弃产品回收的奖惩约束措施,针对一类由制造商、零售商构成的再制造闭环供应链系统,基于博弈论方法研究了新产品和再制造品存在定价差别时集中决策和分散决策模式下的定价策略,得出了闭环供应链成员的最优定价策略和利润,并分析了政府约束措施对闭环供应链运作的影响。研究表明:集中决策下供应链效率高于Stackelberg博弈分散决策,为此设计了一个收益共享协调定价契约实现了闭环供应链的协调,进而分析了政府回收约束情况下再制造过程利润超过制造过程的再制造优先条件。算例分析验证了定价策略及协调机制的有效性。     

Optimized material requirements planning for semiconductor manufacturing

This paper describes a custom operational research algorithm, which is run nightly by IBM to create a material requirements plan for its semiconductor fabrication facility in Vermont, USA. To model alternative manufacturing processes and part substitutions, this application interweaves linear programming and heuristic methods to reap the benefits of each decision technology. At each level of the bills of materials supply chain with complex decision choices to be made, parallel linear programmes are invoked and their results are fed into a material requirements planning (MRP) heuristic, which processes parts through multiple iterations. The results from processing one level of the bills of materials supply chain are exploded to create demand for the next level and the interweaving of the two decision technologies continues. The algorithm creates recommended manufacturing releases and work-in-process priorities. These outputs point out opportunities for improvement in order to satisfy all demands on time. The output can be interpreted with well-known MRP assumptions.     

Interactive group decision-making using a fuzzy linguistic approach for evaluating the flexibility in a supply chain

With global competition rapidly intensifying and shifting to the supply chain level, the supply chain flexibility has become increasingly important. However, the literature addressing supply chain flexibility remains limited. This study thus builds a group decision-making structure model of flexibility in supply chain management development. This study presents a framework for evaluating supply chain flexibility comprising two parts, an evaluation hierarchy with flexibility dimensions and related metrics, and an evaluation scheme that uses a three-stage process to evaluate supply chain flexibility. This study then proposes an algorithm for determining the degree of supply chain flexibility using a fuzzy linguistic approach. Evaluations of the degree of supply chain flexibility can identify the need to improve supply chain flexibility, and identify specific dimensions of supply chain flexibility as the best directions for improvement. The results of this study are more objective and unbiased for two reasons. First, the results are generated by group decision-making with interactive consensus analysis. Second, the fuzzy linguistic approach used in this study has more advantage to preserve no loss of information than other methods. Additionally, this study presents an example using a case study to illustrate the availability of the proposed methods and compare it with other methods.     

A multi-phase mathematical programming approach for effective supply chain design

A supply chain is an alliance of independent business processes, such as supplier, manufacturing, and distribution processes that perform the critical functions in the order fulfillment process. Effective design and management of supply chains assists in production and delivery of a variety of products at low cost, high quality, and short lead times. Although the importance of supply chain design is emphasized in the literature, few formal decision models have been proposed for this purpose. This paper presents a multi-phase mathematical programming approach for effective supply chain design. More specifically, the methodology develops and applies a combination of multi-criteria efficiency models, based on game theory concepts, and linear and integer programming methods. Model application and insights are detailed through numerical illustrations.     

基于新型区间直觉三角模糊熵的多属性决策方法

在进行区间直觉模糊多属性决策时,有时属性权重是未知的,针对这一问题,提出一种新型区间直觉三角模糊熵的决策方法.首先,给出该新型区间直觉三角模糊熵定义和相关定理,应用该区间直觉三角模糊熵确定属性的权重.然后,基于逼近理想解排序法(TOPSIS)的思想,采用改进的加权欧几里得距离,进行区间直觉模糊群决策,并给出决策步骤.最后,将该方法应用在供应链选择的群决策问题中,通过算例实验验证了该方法的有效性与可行性.     

Entropy and Decision

This paper deals with the irrelevance of entropy to decision. The entropy measure fails to discriminate between states and their significance, as is indicated by a study of a reconnaissance example for which the entropy measure has been suggested. If the reduction of uncertainty is an explicit objective, then it is important to examine the properties of uncertainty measures, and it is queried as to whether some of those uniquely characterizing entropy are relevant. Other measures have some of the properties. The paper then discusses the concept of entropy in hypothesis selection, and the conflict with maximum-likelihood methods, and in Markovian processes, wherein there is some conflict with implied steady-state behaviour.     

企业绿色供应链管理实践与绩效关系统计分析

根据对314家制造企业的调查结果,使用SPSS统计软件,通过相关性分析和层次调解回归分析,研究绿色供应链管理与企业绩效之间的关系以及质量管理对其的影响。旨在说明统计分析在环境管理研究中的应用,并为企业绿色供应链管理提供决策支持。     

不确定环境下制造再制造供应链定价与协调问题研究

研究模糊不确定环境下制造/再制造供应链系统的定价与协调问题。通过考虑制造产品与再制造产品的差异性,利用模糊理论和博弈论理论等知识,在集中式和分散式决策方式下,分别给出了制造/再制造商和零售商关于制造产品和再制造产品的最优价格决策,以及分散决策方式下的系统协调策略,并且利用数值算例对所得结果进行了分析。     

A multiple attribute group decision making framework for the evaluation of lean practices at logistics distribution centers

In recent years, to adapt rapidly to changing market environments and outdo the competition more companies and organizations have adopted lean management practices. One problem that has arisen in these companies and organizations is the need to develop methods to accurately evaluate the lean practices performance. This study proposes a multiple attribute group decision making (MAGDM) framework to facilitate such evaluations. It deals with the consensus process and selection process for MAGDM problems based on the 2-tuple linguistic computation model. The similarity degree and consensus for the linguistic decision matrix are defined using an Euclidian distance function. An algorithm describing the consensus reaching process is presented and its properties analyzed. The entropy method is generalized to a linguistic setting to derive the importance weights for the attributes. One of the main ideas behind the entropy method is that attributes with quite different values are considered more important and therefore have higher weights. Finally, the developed MAGDM framework is applied to a lean practices evaluation problem for a commercial tobacco company’s logistics distribution centers in China.     

A single-stage supply chain system controlled by kanban under just-in-time philosophy

The production system using kanban was pioneered by Toyota Motor Company in Japan and subsequently it was adopted by numerous other Japanese and US companies for applying the just-in-time manufacturing principles. This research studies a single-stage supply chain system that is controlled by kanban mechanism. The supply chain system is modelled as a mixed-integer nonlinear programming (MINLP) problem. It is solved optimally by branch-and-bound method to determine the number of kanbans, batch size, number of batches, and the total quantity over one period. Meanwhile, the kanban operation between two adjacent plants is worked out considering the factors of loading and unloading time, and transport time. Coupled with plant-wide efforts for cost control and management commitment to enhance other measures of performance, a logistics system for controlling the production as well as the supply chain system is developed, which results in minimizing the total cost of the supply chain system. The results show that the improvements in reduction of inventory, wasted labour, and customer service in a supply chain are accomplished through the kanban mechanism.     

区间二型模糊集效用函数和熵在风险决策中的应用

针对以区间二型模糊集(IT2FS)为信息环境的多属性决策(MADM)问题,引入IT2FS效用函数,并提出基于IT2FS效用函数,熵和风险因子的风险决策模型。首先基于截集思想提出两种IT2FS效用函数公式,有效提取了IT2FS全部信息,比以往的序值型公式更加科学有效。其次基于已提出的IT2FS三种不确定度量存在的问题提出三种新型不确定度量,并基于此三种不确定度量提出IT2FS熵公式弥补原有熵度量的不足。再次引入风险偏好因子反映决策者不同的风险态度,并改进风险偏好因子范围。构造基于效用函数,熵和风险偏好因子的风险决策模型。最后利用一个实例分析结果表明,该风险决策模型中决策者风险偏好对属性权重以及方案的排序存在影响,该决策思想对风险投资决策和风险管理决策均有一定的参考作用。     

基于犹豫模糊二元语义的多属性决策方法

深入研究了犹豫模糊二元语义多属性决策问题。首先利用幂均算子给出了犹豫模糊二元语义集的均值函数,并基于均匀分布概率准则和二元语义的距离测度提出了犹豫模糊二元语义集两两比较的可能度公式,进一步给出了可能度排序公式的性质。针对属性值为犹豫模糊二元语义集的多属性决策问题,提出了一种基于熵权的多属性决策方法。最后结合实际问题,验证了该方法的有效性和可行性。