大流量涡流二极管内流仿真及高阻特性研究

文中采用雷诺应力模型(RSM)对涡流二极管泵内部流场进行三维数值模拟,阐述涡流二极管内部流场及高阻产生机理,将内部流动近似为Rankine涡并进行验证,分析了切向入口压力变化对流动特性的影响,结果表明,入口操作压力超过一特定限度后中心区域将出现较大的回流现象,这将有助于提高涡流二极管性能.     

涡流二极管内空化流动的实验研究

为了研究涡流二极管内空化流动的发展过程及对其性能的影响,对其空化现象的标志性现象—空气柱进行了试验研究,试验中捕捉了空气柱的形成过程,记录了不同雷诺数及不同出口背压下的空气柱尺寸,最后测量并对比了不同空气柱尺寸下的涡流二极管的性能。试验结果表明;空气柱是微气泡由于亨利定律在旋转流场形成的压力梯度下而发生的输运效应形成的;空气柱随雷诺数的增大而增大,不同雷诺数下的增大速度有所不同;相同流量下,出口背压越大,空气柱尺寸越小,涡流二极管的性能越高。上述结论对涡流二极管的设计及其指导工程应用具有重要的价值。     

涡流二极管泵输送系统性能研究

涡流二极管泵输送设备是一种新型的用于高危物料输送的无运动部件的免维修输送系统.为获得适应于该系统的设计准则并可用于准确预测输送系统的外特性,本文建立了一套理论数学模型,并通过实验方法检验理论的准确性.对比结果表明,数学模型能较准确表达系统的动态性能及时均性能,且可以反映操作参数对系统性能的影响规律.     

涡流二极管空化流动的数值计算

为了研究涡流二极管内空化现象的机理特性及对其性能的影响,我们假设流体为气液混相均质,并考虑不可凝结气相,采用基于组分输运方程,求解了涡流二极管全流道内气液混相均质流的雷诺平均N-S方程以及气相组分输运方程。数值计算结果显示了空化形成时涡流二极管入口、出口及旋流腔内的流场形态,研究表明:涡流二极管空化现象主要发生在流体切向进入时旋流腔和中心管的中心部位;空化流是由于液体在中心旋流场低压条件下汽化,同时不可凝结气体由于亨利定律在旋转流场形成的压力梯度下而发生的输运效应综合形成的;空化流由于强旋涡的原因对涡流二极管的性能产生明显的影响。上述结论对涡流二极管的设计及其指导工程应用具有重要的价值。     

液环泵内过压缩特性及排气口单向阀工作机理

针对液环泵内易发生的气体过压缩现象,采用VOF两相流模型对液环泵压缩机工况下的内部气液两相流动进行数值模拟,研究排气口前端单向阀的开启对液环泵流动结构及性能的影响,分析不同压缩比工况下泵内的压力分布以及相态分布等规律。结果表明,随着液环泵排气口压力的降低,液环泵排气口前端容易发生过压缩现象,过压缩现象会导致液环泵的功率损失增大,降低液环泵的效率。排出口压力越低,则过压缩现象越严重。在低压缩比工况下排气口前端的单向阀在压差的作用下自动开启,可以有效地避免发生过压缩现象,提升液环泵的效率及吸气量。为分析排气口前端单向阀面积变化规律对液环泵性能的影响,在原始设计的基础上提出三种不同面积变化规律的单向阀布置,对比分析发现,低压缩比工况下适当增大排气口前端单向阀的面积可以有效地提高液环泵的吸气量,降低阀孔流速,提升液环泵的性能。     

全回流模式下低温精馏分离氢同位素实验

全回流是低温精馏分离氢同位素的一种重要操作模式，由于此模式下系统不受外界进料等因素的扰动，可以方便地获得再沸器加热功率对系统分离性能和温度、压力、液位等重要参数的影响。在全回流模式下，再沸器加热功率提高后，精馏柱内气液两相传质充分，因此再沸器加热功率作为可调参数可改善系统分离性能，但再沸器加热功率提高后，精馏柱内气体线速度加大，造成床层压降加大，有可能带来液泛等问题。     

涡流管性能的热力学分析

涡流管是一种新型的能量分离装置,热力学参数和几何参数对其的性能影响很大。该文依据热力学第一、第二定律,建立了涡流管能量分离过程热力学模型,将不可逆过程可用能损失归结为热量火用收益和压力损失两部分,获得了一种基于热力学火用分析的涡流管性能优化新途径。结合不同进气压力、喷嘴数和冷端出口直径的涡流管能量分离性能实验,得到上述诸因素对涡流管能量分离过程中火用变化的影响,通过对能量分离过程中热量火用收益和压力损失的比较,实现了涡流管能量分离性能的优化设计。     

提高涡流二极管性能的数值仿真分析

本文数值仿真分析了涡流二极管正、反向流的阻力特性及其内部流场,提出可提高涡流二极管性能的结构优化方法.对比计算表明RSM模型和PRESTO!压力离散格式对涡流管反向流进行仿真的计算精度最好.基于对反向流涡量场和流场的分析,认为强涡旋是反向高阻的主要原因;且旋涡中心和涡流腔室中心不重合,造成涡流不稳定,提出利用螺旋腔室改...     

水力旋流器参数对高炉污泥分离的影响

本文采用简化的多流体多相流模型及雷诺应力湍流模型建立了水力旋流器内液固多相湍流流动的数学模型,对水力旋流器在不同结构参数和进口压力下的高炉污泥分离进行了数值模拟,获得了水力旋流器内高炉污泥不同情况下的颗粒分级效率曲线。数值结果表明,在高炉污泥颗粒分离的应用范围内,锥角增大,旋流器直径增大,分离粒径会增加, 进口压力增加,分离粒径降低。     

小型轴流式管路液力涡轮的试验研究

为获得小型管路液力涡轮的水力模型和工作特性,对不同参数下液力涡轮的水力性能进行了试验研究,分析了涡轮输出转速及扭矩的变化特性及影响因素,主要探讨了通过涡轮的流体流量、压力以及叶片安装角对涡轮水力性能的影响.多种工况的试验结果表明,液体流量是影响涡轮输出性能的主要动力参数,可以通过流量的变化调节涡轮的输出转速和输出扭矩;叶片安装角对涡轮工作效率的影响较大,不同安装角度涡轮的设计转速要与其最高效率点相对应.     

角管脉动热管的结构和尺度效应研究

根据角管毛细管中液体的分布以及汽液同向流动的特点,计算分析了正三角形和等腰直角三角形两种截面脉动热管中几种因素对热管传热性能的影响.计算结果表明,在充液率为 30% 时,两种角管脉动热管的热阻均在 0.1℃/W 以下;在相同加热功率和充液率时,等腰直角三角形截面脉动热管的传热性能优于正三角形截面的;截面形状相同时,水力直径较大的热管热阻值低于水力直径较小的热管;热管热阻值随接触角增大而减小.     

Performance of tuned liquid column dampers considering maximum liquid motion in seismic vibration control of structures

The optimum design of tuned liquid column damper (TLCD) is usually performed by minimizing the maximum response of structure subjected to stochastic earthquake load without imposing any restrictions on the possible maximum oscillation of the liquid within the vertical column. However, during strong earthquake motion, the maximum oscillation of vertical column of liquid may be equal to or greater than that of the container pipe. Consequently the physical behavior of the hydraulic system may change largely reducing its efficiency. The present study deals with the optimization of TLCD parameters to minimize the vibration effect of structures addressing the limitation on such excessive liquid displacement. This refers to the design of optimum TLCD system which not only assure maximum possible performance in terms of vibration mitigation, but also simultaneously put due importance to the natural constrained criterion of excessive lowering of liquid in the vertical column of TLCD. The constraint is imposed by limiting the maximum displacement of the liquid to the vertical height of the container. Numerical study is performed to elucidate the effect of constraint condition on the optimum parameters and overall performance of TLCD system of protection.     

Thermal hydraulic characterization of stainless steel wicks for heat pipe applications

Heat pipe design and manufacturing require the knowledge of the thermal hydraulic performance of the wicks. The aim of the present work is the thermal hydraulic characterization of stainless steel wicks (sintered porous media and gauzes) to be employed in our experimental water heat pipe. Commercial sintered porous media (able to capture 90 % of 90 μm particles and 99.9 % of 130 μm particles) and gauzes (nominal wire size 0.11 mm, square mesh opening 0.209 mm) have been used. Thermal hydraulic characterization of the wicks is obtained through the experimental measurement of: capillary height (through which the equivalent porous radius can be evaluated), liquid hydraulic head (through which the liquid pressure drop in the wick is evaluated) wick permeability is also evaluated from the hydraulic head (through Darcy's law), heat flux, wick mass flow rate during the evaporation (through which, from the knowledge of other measured wick parameters, the wick two-phase pressure drop is calculated) and wick porosity (through which the thermal conductivity of the wick saturated with liquid can be determined). Concerning the heat flux, it is found to be dependent on the distance between the liquid level and the evaporating zone, the evaporating zone length, the wall superheat and the water subcooling, the contact between the heater and the wick and the superficial boundary conditions of the wick.     

离心油泵输送粘性流体空蚀性能实验研究

本文通过实验研究了离心油泵输送粘性流体时的空蚀性能和油泵的空蚀性能与输送介质粘度的关系,研究了油泵的性能参数(流量、扬程、功率和效率)随进口真空度的变化规律,并与输送清水时的空蚀性能进行了对比,研究了进口真空度对油泵水力性能的影响。离心油泵的空蚀性能随输送介质的不同存在很大差异。实验结果表明:在相同的流量工况下,输送粘性流体比输送清水具有较高的临界空蚀余量。     

结构参数变化对内混式喷嘴雾化性能的影响作用

通过对比6种结构参数不同的环形内混式喷嘴的雾化平均直径的变化规律,研究了喷嘴结构变化对雾化性能的 影响规律。结果表明,混合腔宽度、内喷嘴缩进长度、出口流程均对喷嘴雾化性能造成明显影响,而不同的混合腔长度、 气体及液体的喷入方式则基本上不影响雾化性能。     

A Simplified Fractional Order PID Controller’s Optimal Tuning: A Case Study on a PMSM Speed Servo

A simplified fractional order PID (FOPID) controller is proposed by the suitable definition of the parameter relation with the optimized changeable coefficient. The number of the pending controller parameters is reduced, but all the proportional, integral, and derivative components are kept. The estimation model of the optimal relation coefficient between the controller parameters is established, according to which the optimal FOPID controller parameters can be calculated analytically. A case study is provided, focusing on the practical application of the simplified FOPID controller to a permanent magnet synchronous motor (PMSM) speed servo. The dynamic performance of the simplified FOPID control system is tested by motor speed control simulation and experiments. Comparisons are performed between the control systems using the proposed method and those using some other existing methods. According to the simulation and experimental results, the simplified FOPID control system achieves the optimal dynamic performance. Therefore, the validity of the proposed controller structure and tuning method is demonstrated.     

Thermo-Hydraulic Behavior of Microchannel Heat Exchanger System

This article presents an experimental study of thermo-hydrodynamic phenomena in a microchannel heat exchanger system. The aim of this investigation is to develop correlations between flow/thermal characteristics in the manifolds and the heat transfer performance of the microchannel. A rectangular microchannel fabricated by a laser-machining technique with channel width and hydraulic diameter of 87 μm and 0.17 mm, respectively, and a trapezoidal-shaped manifold are used in this study. The heat sink is subjected to iso-flux heating condition with liquid convective cooling through the channels. The temporal and spatial evolutions of temperature as well as total pressure drop across the system are monitored using appropriate sensors. Data obtained from this study were used to establish relationships between parameters such as longitudinal wall conduction factor, residence and switching time, and thermal spreading resistance with Reynolds number. Result shows that there exist an optimum Reynolds number and conditions for the microchannel heat exchanger system to result in maximum heat transfer performance. The condition in which the inlet manifold temperature surpasses the exit fluid temperature results in lower junction temperature. It further shows that for a high Reynolds number, the longitudinal wall conduction parameter is greater than unity and that the fluid has sufficient dwelling time to absorb heat from the wall of the manifold, leading to high thermal performance.     

Experimental Study of Wavy Fin Aluminum Plate Fin Heat Exchanger

An experimental study of the air-side thermal hydraulic performance of the aluminum wavy fin in heat exchanger was performed. A series of tests were conducted for 16 wavy fin samples with different geometry parameters. The experimental correlation equations of the wavy fin about the heat transfer and pressure drop are set up using the multiple regression method. The parametric study on the performance of the wavy fins is carried out using the Taguchi method. The study results show that the ratio of the wavy fin amplitude and wavy length is the most important factor that affects the overall thermal hydraulic performance.     

基于可变参数双向耦合映像系统的时空混沌Hash函数设计

在分析单向与双向耦合映像格子系统的初值与参数敏感性的基础上，提出了一种基于可变参数双向耦合映像系统的时空混沌单向Hash函数构造方案.该方案以耦合映像系统的部分初态作为密钥，在迭代过程中, 通过上一次的迭代值和线性变换后的不同位置的明文消息比特动态确定双向耦合映像系统模型参数，将明文消息多格点并行注入时空混沌轨迹中；取迭代序列中最后一轮迭代结果的适当空间项，线性映射为Hash值要求的128 bit值.由于耦合映像系统的双向扩散机理与混乱作用，迭代过程具有极强的不可逆性及初值与参数敏感性，Hash结果的每位都与明文及密钥有着敏感、复杂的非线性强耦合关系.仿真实验与分析结果表明，该算法达到了Hash函数的各项性能要求，安全性好，执行效率高. 关键词： Hash函数 时空混沌 耦合映像格子