相关测速声呐阵元坐标估计算法研究

针对相关声呐接收阵元实际坐标与设计坐标不一致引起的测速误差,提出阵元坐标估计算法,以提高相关声呐的测速准确度。基于混响时空相关函数模型,对相关测速声呐时空相关函数特性进行了理论分析,提出了选择用延时0处的数据空间相关函数与理论空间相关函数进行阵元坐标估计的局域最小二乘拟合算法,并采用序列二次规划法解决了阵元坐标估计算法的最优化问题。海上试验数据的处理结果表明,该算法可以对阵元坐标进行有效估计,使用估计的阵元坐标后,相关测速声呐测速准确度提高了67%。      

相关测速声呐底混响时空相关函数与载体俯仰角的关系

由于载体在运动过程中存在姿态的变化,不考虑载体姿态的理论相关函数会影响相关声呐的测速精确度。考虑载体俯仰角对发射信号海底照射区域的影响,引入不同权重的多阶贝塞尔函数,得到改进后的理论相关函数。同时,根据相关测速声呐发射参数,给出了基于FOM模型的海底回波仿真。仿真结果表明,改进的理论相关函数将相关声呐的测速误差降至1%以下。载体的俯仰角对时空相关函数产生影响。考虑载体俯仰角的理论相关函数更贴近实际情况,与仿真结果的相关系数吻合的较好,能够更加准确的估计载体速度。      

声相关流体速度测量理论和信号处理方法

研究了测量流体速度的声相关测速理论和信号处理方法。获得了在声呐阵夫琅和费区域内适用的声呐阵时空相关函数,它是指数函数,这是相关测流速的理论模型。重点研究了时空声相关函数最大值附近的特性,它包含流速的主要信息。提出了局域最小二乘估计作为速度估计准则,采用序列二次规划作为最优化的方法,由此建立了声相关流速测量的信号处理方法。进行多次海上系统试验,验证了理论模型;给出了声相关海流剖面仪测得的流速、流向和流速剖面,与声多普勒海流剖面仪进行了对比,结果符合;最后给出了声相关海流剖面仪的测速均方差,稍大于理论值。     

声相关载体速度测量理论和信号处理方法

研究了测量水中载体相对于海底速度的相关测速理论和信号处理方法。在速度存在随机分量的情形下,获得了在夫琅和费区域内适用的声呐阵时空相关函数,它是由零阶、一阶和二阶贝塞尔函数组成,波形不变原理能良好地成立,这是相关测速的理论模型。提出了局域最小二乘估计作为速度估计准则,采用序列二次规划法作为最优化的方法,由此建立了声相关测速的信号处理方法。在深海进行了多次系统试验,实验数据与理论模型基本符合;检验了深海3560 m水深时的闭环试验测速误差;进行了变速试验和漂泊试验,上述性能均为优良。最后给出了声相关速度计程仪(CVL)与GPS的线性回归分析, 它们之间有良好的相关性。 CVL均方根误差不大于(1．4％v 3)cm／s,其中v为航速。     

载体姿态对海底混响时空相关特性的影响

讨论了载体姿态对海底混响时空相关特性的影响.考虑载体姿态对相关声呐信号发射的影响,推导理论时空相关函数,得到了时空相关特性与载体姿态之间的关系:载体在某一方向上的摇动越大,在该方向上的相关系数下降越快.将理论推导与仿真结果进行比较,发现在海底不存在大尺度起伏、表面粗糙度各向同性的情况下,二者的时空相关函数吻合得较好。实际海底通常具有大尺度起伏和各向异性的粗糙度,时空相关函数的形状不能由载体姿态和海底大尺度起伏完全确定,但海试数据证明了二者的联合影响。此外,讨论了载体姿态对载体垂向速度测量的影响。      

浅海运动噪声源的声场统计特性及其对噪声测距声呐信号处理的影响

本文研究了运动噪声源在分层统计不均匀的媒质中(并考虑随机起伏边界的影响)噪声场时空相关函数的性质。 理论与大量海上实验都证明了,传播的多径效应使相关函数拖散,媒质的折射率起伏与边界起伏引起相关函数的起伏。而噪声源的运动对实时相关器的输出的影响等效于低通滤波器并附加时空相关函数的漂移。相关函数的这些性质大大降低了噪声测距声呐系统的信号处理增益。 相关函数的起伏和畸变,使噪声测距难于实现。为此,本文提出了小间距大跨度的四点阵空间相关测距与二次相关信号处理技术,大大地克服了上述诸因素的影响。本文还对内波引起的长周期大时延起伏的二次相关函数的输出,提出了有限记忆类卡尔曼滤波处理方法,使噪声测距声呐最终实现有效的准确测距与跟踪。     

测深侧扫声呐差分相位估计

假设海底是一产生散射声波的薄层,获得了测深侧扫声呐(BSSS)的声呐阵时空相关函数的表达式。由此获得了两个重要结果:(1)获得了测深侧扫声呐差分相位估计的均值和方差的表达式;(2)在时空相关函数相位上除kdsin(θ-θm)外,附加了一项ξ(ξ被称为相位误差因子),此项在声呐正下方附近引起很大的测深误差。在上述基础上给出了差分相位法重要参数选择的标准,减小ξ的影响,使BSSS在相当宽的角度内获得好的结果。在上述理论指导下,研制了测深侧扫声呐,获得的实验数据与理论计算结果符合良好,证明了理论的正确性。     

主动声呐信息过程的实验研究——声呐信号综合分析仪在信道研究和声呐设计中的应用

本文介绍声呐信号综合分析仪(简称SZY)在主动声呐信道特性的实时测量和声呐设计中的应用原理和方法,并给出部分实验结果.内容包括:1.声呐信号分析:相关、模糊度和谱以及随机数据的统计测量;2.主动声呐信道(水声传输信道、目标散射和混响)特性的测量:时变谱和时变相关、时空相干性和散射函数;3.声呐检测和最佳设计:定位、跟踪、波形设计和信道匹配.     

格林函数解卷积处理的阵不变量浅海无源定位

水下声源无源定位是声呐技术重要的研究方向.针对水下声源无源定位问题,本文提出了一种基于格林函数解卷积处理的阵不变量无源定位方法.该方法使用盲解卷积算法从水平阵接收信号中提取时域格林函数,然后采用空域解卷积方法处理得到的时域格林函数,获得波束时间偏移,从波束时间偏移中计算得到阵不变量,解算目标距离,从而实现声源定位.区别...     

海洋噪声场的时空相关函数

本文借助于方向性点源的平面波展开式导出了海洋中噪声场的时空相关函数的普遍表式。用演绎法将该表式用于分层不均匀浅海与分层不均匀深海,建立了噪声场的时空相关函数与海洋环境参数的有机联系。文中利用接收器附近点(噪声)源的奇性条件简化了浅海中噪声场时空相关函数的计算。接着用简正波理论计算了均匀浅海中噪声场的时空相关函数。     

Two-particle correlation function and dihadron correlation approach

It is shown that, in the case of asymmetric nuclear interactions, the application of the traditional dihadron correlation approach to determining a two-particle correlation function C may lead to a form distorted in relation to the canonical pair correlation function _C². This result was obtained both by means of exact analytic calculations of correlation functions within a simple string model for proton–nucleus and deuteron–nucleus collisions and by means of Monte Carlo simulations based on employing the HIJING event generator. It is also shown that the method based on studying multiplicity correlations in two narrow observation windows separated in rapidity makes it possible to determine correctly the canonical pair correlation function C₂ for all cases, including the case where the rapidity distribution of product particles is not uniform.     

Non-zero total correlation means non-zero quantum correlation

We investigated the super quantum discord based on weak measurements. The super quantum discord is an extension of the standard quantum discord defined by projective measurements and also describes the quantumness of correlations. We provide some equivalent conditions for zero super quantum discord by using quantum discord, classical correlation and mutual information. In particular, we find that the super quantum discord is zero only for product states, which have zero mutual information. This result suggests that non-zero correlations can always be detected using the quantum correlation with weak measurements. As an example, we present the assisted state-discrimination method.     

相关阵在抑制局部相关噪声中的应用

本文提出用阵元间互相关作为基元加权求和形成波束(相关阵)，并给出用来抑制线阵局部强相关干扰的一种权向量实现方法。海上试验数据处理结果表明，利用本文提出的权向量实现相关阵比CBF阵有较高的信噪比增益和较好的抗噪声干扰能力。     

量子关联

量子纠缠是量子信息处理过程中的重要资源,也是量子力学与经典力学本质区别的一个重要特征.最近随着量子信息理论的不断发展,人们发现可分态中也可以存在非经典的量子关联,量子纠缠只是量子关联的一部分.而且这种非纠缠的量子关联可能在一些量子信息处理过程中起到重要的作用.文章介绍了量子关联最近所取得的一些研究进展,特别是量子关联在各种消相干环境下的演化规律等.     

Multifractional correlation

Multifractional correlation is proposed that is based on a new generalized fractional Fourier transform to which we refer as a multifractional Fourier transform. The multifractional correlation yields remarkable improvements in the correlation output peak intensity, peak sharpness, and light efficiency compared with convention correlation, which uses matched and phase-only filters, and still maintains better target discrimination capability and a reasonable robustness to noise. An optoelectronic hybrid system that can implement the multifractional correlation is also suggested.     

Dynamic correlation

From a knowledge of the Hartree-Fock and exact non-relativistic energies of atoms, the correlation energy E_c, as defined by Lowdin, may be calculated. For atoms this correlation is defined as dynamic correlation. The separate like-spin and unlike-spin contributions, E_cσσ, E_cαβ, may be calculated as a sum of pair energies from quantum chemistry; we have used the unrestricted M?ller-Plesset second-order algorithm, and then scaled them to give E_c. These three values may also be computed using dynamic correlation functionals, with the Stoll partitioning. The VWN, LYP and P91 functionals were studied for the atoms from H to Ar. Although the total correlation energies of LYP and P91 are similar, only P91 gives a semi-sensible breakdown into the E_cσσ, and E_cαβ components. It is immediately apparent that a new functional, OPTC, derived from the P91 components as 0.6625 x E_cσσ, + 1. 1015 x E_cαβ is an improvement (its mean absolute error is only 0.006 E_h). Using the recently introduced improved exchange functional OPTX (obtained through a fit to the HF energies of atoms), Kohn-Sham calculations were performed on the atoms using the OPT(=OPTX + OPTC) functional. The total energies have a mean absolute error of 0.006 E_h. The study then moves to molecules. First it is shown that the dynamic correlation energy contribution to the dissociation energies is very similar (within 2kcalmol^?1 in most cases), whether it is calculated with LYP, P91 or OPTC. A calculation is then made of the HF contribution, the dynamic contribution through OPTC and the left-right contribution through OPTX, to molecular binding. In many cases the sum agrees with the observed value, but in some cases the prediction is significantly in error, e.g. O₂ is overbound by 10 kcal mol^?1. Thus either OPTX or OPTC or both are inadequate. An attempt was made to determine improved local exchange and correlation functionals by fitting to both atomic and molecular data, but this was unsuccessful. The conclusion is that the method is close to the limit of accuracy achievable from separately optimized local exchange and correlation functionals. Finally, a new hybrid functional O3LYP, which is a substantial improvement on B3LYP, is presented.     

Accurate definition of correlation peak position by optical speckle-displacement correlation technique

An optical speckle-displacement correlator based on hybrid optical–digital joint transform correlator architecture with a digital first stage and an optical second stage has been used to determine the correlation peak position with subpixel accuracy, without the use of intricate interpolation algorithms. A thorough analysis and a calculation of the parameters of the second optical stage are performed in order to achieve the necessary magnification of the correlation peak, so as to obtain an accurate definition of the peak position. The experiment setup for the realization of the optical speckle-displacement technique was constructed with a digital Fourier processor as its basic component, making possible a joint power spectrum median and ring median binarization, and an optical Fourier processor. The results which were obtained demonstrate that a setup of this kind can produce sharp and narrow correlation peaks, and can provide the necessary magnification for finding the peak position with subpixel accuracy.     

Phase-restricted heterogeneous correlation

We introduce a new phase-restricted algorithm for producing a heterogeneous correlation filter that permits new in-class members to be added without changing the phase of the filter. This heterogeneous correlation filter uses amplitude modulation both to enhance in-class cross correlations and to suppress selected out-of-class correlations. This new algorithm should substantially improve the performance of existing class-associative correlators and improve their operation.