New approach to quantum corrections in synchrotron radiation

Owing to a recent controversy over the importance of the second-order quantum corrections to the power spectrum of synchrotron radiation, we here reexamine this question by using a proper time method to calculate the forward Compton scattering of a real photon on a spin-0 charged particle in external magnetic fields. This approach, aside from being the simplest method found so far, has the feature that it resembles the classical procedure so that the quantum corrections can be identified at every stage of the computation. The option of being able to perform first the angular integration before doing the proper time integral enables us to simplify the calculation and to obtain the quantum corrections unambiguously. We find that the criterion for the quantum corrections to be important is the same as that found more than two decades ago.     

The excitation spectrum of quantum antidots

Source-drain bias measurements of transport across quantum antidots reveal a ladder of excited states analogous to the excitation spectrum of quantum dots. The antidot excitation spectrum provides an unambiguous method of determining the Coulomb-blockade charging energy and the energy difference between antidot single-particle states. The energy-level spacings and the presence of strong Kondo resonances in this regime cannot be explained within a non-interacting model.     

Acousto-optical effect in the luminescence excitation spectrum of HgI2

A study of the photoluminescence excitation spectrum in a crystal of mercury diiodide is reported. Each of the two luminescence bands peaking at 543 and 572–575 nm investigated was found to have its own excitation spectrum. The excitation spectrum of the 575-nm line in the long-wavelength doublet band has been observed to be sensitive to strong ultrasound vibrations and preliminary irradiation of the sample by 590-nm light. This line is associated with radiative recombination of photocarriers at intrinsic point defects (vacancies or iodine and mercury interstitials) located close to dislocations. The binding energy of the photosensitive center to a dislocation was estimated from the change in the excitation spectrum. Fiz. Tverd. Tela (St. Petersburg) 41, 1965–1968 (November 1999)     

Emission spectrum of intraband luminescence for single parabolic band under excitation of wide-band-gap insulators by ionizing radiation and particles

Emission spectrum and intensity of picosecond intraband luminescence for single parabolic band approximation of electron conduction band in insulating crystals are calculated. It is shown that the spectral intensity of this intraband emission increases approximately as (?ω)^?1/2 with decrease in photon energy, while the spectral density of photons increases as (?ω)^?3/2. The intensity of this emission is inversely proportional to the longitudinal optical phonon frequency. The total emission yield in this approximation is low, less than 10 photons in the spectral window of silicon photomultipliers per MeV of ionizing particle energy.     

Standard radiation spectrum of relativistic electrons: beyond the synchrotron approximation

Radiation emitted by an electron in arbitrary, extreme relativistic motion, has been described for the first time in terms of a standard spectrum of nonsynchrotron type. Ultimately, such a nonsynchrotron spectrum is dependent not only on instantaneous trajectory curvature, but also upon its first two time derivatives and helicity, to provide a basic correction to the synchrotron approximation (SA). A strong deviation from SA has been predicted for above GeV electrons in oriented crystals.     

Luminescence and excitation spectra of YAG:Nd excited by synchrotron radiation

The low-temperature 4f²5d→4f³ fast emission of Nd³⁺ from YAG:Nd³⁺ has been studied under excitation by synchrotron radiation. Additionally, 4f³→4f³ luminescence of Nd³⁺ has been observed and assigned to transitions from the ²F(2)_5/2 and ⁴F_3/2 multiplet terms. The observed experimental spectra of Nd³⁺ d-f emission and f-d excitation are well simulated by crystal-field calculations.     

Mid-gap luminescence and its excitation spectrum in trigonal selenium single crystals

Trigonal selenium shows in addition to the narrow “band-edge” luminescence due to the decay of free excitons a broad photoluminescence band in the i.r. region very similar to the luminescence in amorphous selenium. This mid-gap luminescence arises at low temperature from the excitation of a defect and at higher temperature from the trapping of free excitons, both processes involving considerable relaxation of the defect. The excitation spectra exclude photoluminescence via the excitation of free carriers.     

Three-center Auger effect and the quantum yield of the luminescence of ZnS-based phosphors

In this communication, the luminescence properties of ZnS luminophors are characterized. The effect of concentration quenching of the photo- and cathodoluminescence (PL, CL) is discussed. An appropriate mechanism of nonradiative recombination is proposed, and its efficiency is estimated. It is shown that the three-center Auger effect can be responsible for the cathodoluminescence saturation observed under increased current density.     

Mechanisms and absolute quantum yield of upconversion luminescence of fluoride phosphors

Mechanisms of upconversion luminescence(UCL) of SrF_2:Er phosphors corresponding to the ~4G_(11∕2)→~4I_(15∕2),~2H_(9∕2)→~4I_(15∕2),~4F_(5∕2)→~4I_(15∕2),~4F_(7∕2)→~4I_(15∕2),~2H_(11∕2)→~4I_(15∕2),~4S_(3∕2)→~4I_(15∕2),~4F_(9∕2)→~4I_(15∕2), and ~4I_(9∕2)→~4I_(15∕2) transitions upon excitation of the ~4I_(11∕2) level of Er~(3+)ions were investigated. Energy transfer upconversion processes are responsible for the populating of the ~2H_(9∕2),~2H_(11∕2),~4S_(3∕2), and ~4F_(9∕2) levels. Cooperative process is the dominant mechanism of luminescence from ~4S_(3∕2) and ~4F_(9∕2) levels for SrF_2:Er with high concentrations of Er~(3+)ions. The UCL from ~4G_(11∕2) and ~4F_(5∕2) is explained by excited-state absorption. Cross-relaxation processes take part in the population of ~4F_(9∕2) and ~4I_(9∕2) levels. For quantifying material performance, the Er~(3+)-concentration dependence of UCL and the absolute quantum yields of SrF_2:Er were studied. The most intensive visible luminescence was obtained for SrF_2:Er(14.2%) with 0.28% maximum quantum yield.     

Fluorescence spectrum and quantum yield of DNA in solution

Spectrum and quantum yield in fluorescence are reported for DNA as functions of pH. DNA shows fluorescence in neutral and alkaline media.     

Luminescence of gadolinium gallium garnet epitaxial films under excitation by synchrotron radiation

The luminescence excited by synchrotron radiation in gadolinium gallium garnet single-crystal films grown by liquid-phase epitaxy from lead-and bismuth-containing solution melts on Gd₃Ga₅O₁₂ substrates is investigated. It is shown that the luminescence intensity in the visible range of the spectrum depends on the type and concentration of impurity ions passing from the solvent into the film.     

Dependence of effective spectrum width of synchrotron radiation on particle energy

In the classical theory of synchrotron radiation, for the exact quantitative characterization of spectral properties, the concept of effective spectral width is introduced. In the first part of our work, published in EJPC 75 (2015), the effective spectral width as a function of the energy E of the radiating particle was obtained only in the ultra-relativistic approximation. In this article, which can be considered as a natural continuation of this work, a complete investigation is presented of the dependence of the effective width of the synchrotron radiation spectrum on energy for any values of E and for all the polarization components of the radiation. Numerical calculations were carried out for an effective width not exceeding 100 harmonics.     

Spectral distribution of the relative and absolute luminescence quantum yield of some organic luminophors

The dependence of the relative luminescence quantum yield on the wavelength of the exciting light has been measured for seven substances in the region from 158 nm to the longwave decrease. The absolute quantum yield has also been measured for exciting wavelengths of 254 and 313 nm by two different methods. Measurements were made on easily reproducible, infinitely thick layers; reabsorption was not taken into account. Sodium salicylate, Lumogen no. 2 and Lumogen Red 640 had the most stable quantum yield and the highest light resistance; they should be considered most suitable for use as standards in luminescence work.Presented at the 13th Conference on Luminescence in Kharkov, June 1964.