矿区土壤中含水率及重金属迁移转化的数值模拟

本文基于由连续性方程和达西定律所推出的土壤中水分运动基本方程,以一维垂向水分方程为研究对象,构造稳定收敛的有限差分格式,运用MATLAB数学工具,对地面饱水情况下土壤水分运动的一维垂向方程进行了数值模拟,得到了土壤中水分的迁移规律;同时,综合考虑对流扩散作用以及土壤对重金属的吸附解吸作用,利用非饱和土壤中重金属离子迁移转化模型,对锌离子在矿区土壤中的迁移转化进行了数值模拟,展示了锌离子在矿区土壤中的浓度分布规律．     

基于模糊综合评判方法的土壤重金属污染度研究

本文应用模糊综合评判方法对城区的土壤污染情况进行评估,根据土壤重金属污染等级标准,确定隶属度函数的类型,并把土壤污染分为低污染、中等污染和高污染三个级别。按照隶属度最大的原则,确定各功能区样本点的污染级别,进而对各功能区的污染情况进行分析。     

城市表层土壤重金属污染风险等级评价

利用MATLAB软件编写程序作图,直观得到重金属污染元素Hg,Cu,Zn,Cr,Pb,Cd,Ni,As在不同区域(生活区、工业区、山区、主干道路、公园绿地区)的空间分布,并且对同一区域各种重金属的含量浓度作图,直观得出了各个区的污染情况.为了从理论上进行说明,利用单因子指数法计算出土壤中各项污染因子的含量,然后用尼梅罗综合污染指数法对不同区域的污染程度进行定量分析,得出生活区、工业区、山区、主干道路、公园绿地区的综合污染指数依次为(3.1706,13.1887,1.2735,9.3696,2.7003),从而确定了某城区重金属的主要污染源.以此能够更为科学、综合的评价该区域内总体土壤质量状况.     

城市表层土壤重金属污染分析

重金属污染是环境污染的主要指标之一。本文利用某城市实际观测数据,对该城市的重金属污染状况进行推断。首先利用地积累污染指数衡量重金属污染程度,进而基于克里金插值法和ArcGIS软件分析各重金属元素污染指数的空间分布特征,据此对重金属污染离子分类,并基于污染负荷指数比较不同功能区的污染程度。其次,采用Pearson相关性分析和主要成分分析对所得分类进行合理性检验,并结合重金属来源分类的国家参考标准和污染物的分布特性,得出各类重金属离子的污染来源。最后,利用指数衰减模型,对所有样本的高程信息进行订正,并利用加权混合二元正态分布密度函数去拟合多污染源传播形成的浓度曲面,估计位置参数,确定出重金属污染源的具体位置。     

区间数排序法在土壤重金属生态风险分析中的应用

将土壤重金属含量以区间形式表示,并引入区间数排序法,建立了一种基于区间数排序法的土壤重金属生态风险分析模型,并对土壤重金属进行生态风险分析.结果表明,7种重金属的区间排序向量排序为PbCdAsZnCuCrNi,重金属Pb、Cd、As和Zn的生态风险较大.此分析结果符合当地的实际情况,同时与地积累指数法的结果相符,说明区间数排序法在土壤重金属生态风险分析的应用是合理的,其分析结果具有可靠性,也为土壤重金属的风险管理提供理论依据.     

垃圾焚烧厂周边污染物浓度的 传播模型和监测方案

主要分析垃圾焚烧厂污染物的排放问题,针对排放的气体污染物,建立污染物传播的对流扩散模型,考虑到风向、风速、降雨、混合层等多方面因素,对模型加以修正,利用迎风格式的有限元素法进行数值模拟;以深圳市某垃圾焚烧厂为例,模拟得到厂区周围方圆5 km区域内污染物浓度的分布情况,并对模拟数据进行聚类分析,根据季节性特征将监测点进行归并,得到全年的动态监测方案。     

城市表层土壤中重金属污染的传播模型

土壤是人类赖以生存的基础,土壤中各种化学元素的含量与人类生活环境息息相关,因此对土壤中化学元素进行异常查证是十分必要的,不仅有助于进行环境评分,而且能为环境治理提供有力的依据。本文主要研究重金属元素在表层土壤中的传播特征,建立相应的数学模型,给出求解方法。     

城市表层土壤重金属污染分析模型

本文先利用Matlab做出各种重金属元素浓度的空间分布图,初步得到土壤重金属污染的状况.接着用内梅罗污染指数法定量的确定土壤重金属污染最严重的地区,并用主成分分析法进行了验证.最后利用灰色-灾变与回归预测的组合模型解决了地质环境的演变问题.     

土壤重金属复合污染整体模型研究

在重金属迁移建模研究成果的基础上,考虑土壤对重金属的吸附特性,推导出土壤重金属复合污染物迁移转化整体模型.为求解该模型,分别引进Langmuir等温竞争吸附模型与土壤水分迁移模型.最后,以重金属Zn和Cd为例,数值模拟其在土壤中的垂向迁移过程,并利用MATLAB画出相关图形.     

数据规律分析法在曲线优化拟合中的应用

本文介绍了数据规律分析法所包含的公式体系和系数计算方法;在曲线拟合中,实际算例结果表明该方法优于常规方法,同时验证了降价法与回归分析法具有同等的计算精确度;作为一种数学方法,可为高等教材"数值分析"增添新的内容。     

Non-homogeneous solar models with metal enriched envelopes

Solar models with enhancement of heavy elements in the convective envelopes are investigated using the updated input physics. Unlike previous low-Z models that adopt quite low central metal abundance to considerably reduce neutrino fluxes, we investigate the effects of moderate enrichment of heavy elements in the solar convection zone on the solar structure and p-mode oscillations. It is found that the metal enriched models have less massive convection zones with deeper bottom boundaries, and their temperature profiles are systematically lower while the sound speed profiles are higher in the interior and lower in the envelope than that of the standard model. The contamination of heavy elements at different evolution phases is investigated, which results in little influence on the properties of the solar age models. The surface helium abundance is reduced considerably, and is able to approach the seismically determined value when the enhancement of heavy elements in the convection zone is carefully adjusted. The p-mode frequency patterns of our metal enriched models are systematically 10 μHz lower than those of the standard model, and are in better agreement with the results of observations.     

Multi-scale analysis for environmental dispersion in wetland flow

Presented in this work is a multi-scale analysis for longitudinal evolution of contaminant concentration in a fully developed flow through a shallow wetland channel. An environmental dispersion model for the mean concentration is devised as an extension of Taylor’s classical formulation by a multi-scale analysis. Corresponding environmental dispersivity is found identical to that determined by the method of concentration moments. For typical contaminant constituents of chemical oxygen demand, biochemical oxygen demand, total phosphorus, total nitrogen and heavy metal, the evolution of contaminant cloud is illustrated with the critical length and duration of the contaminant cloud with constituent concentration beyond some given environmental standard level.     

Abundances of heavy elements in ultra-metal-poor star CS 22892-052

Based on the heavy element nucleosynthesis theory, with the solar heavy-nuclide abundances and the observed abundances of three elements which are the representatives of the individul neutron-capture processes, a method to determine the relative contributions from the individul neutron-capture processes to the abundances of heavy elements in metal-poor stars is applied. With this method, the abundances of heavy elements in ultra-metal-poor star CS 22892-052 are calculated. It is found that the observed abundances of heavy elements in this star are well matched by our calculations in error limits, except for thorium Project supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (Grant No. 19673008). The visiting scholar of Shijiazhuang Teacher’s College.     

基于时间序列分析的北京地区PM2.5浓度研究

基于中国环境监测总站公布的实时空气质量监测数据, 利用时间序列模型对PM2.5指标的数据进行了平稳性、纯随机性检验, 同时进行了模型阶数、未知参数估计以及模型显著性检验与优化. 最终在此基础上建立了指标预测的数学模型, 并对未来三天的PM2.5浓度值进行预测. 进一步地, 基于向量自回归(VAR)模型, 对北京市万寿西宫站PM2.5数据进行相关性分析, 研究空气中污染物O_{2}、NO_{2}、CO、O_{3}、PM10与PM2.5的动态影响关系. 研究发现当天的PM2.5浓度会受到前几天PM2.5、PM10、O_{3}、SO_{2}等污染物浓度的影响,其中PM10对PM2.5的影响最为明显且持续时间最长, O_{3}、SO_{2}对PM2.5浓度的影响在二、三期最为明显.     

Modeling cadmium accumulation in radish,carrot, spinach and cabbage

Heavy metals like cadmium and arsenic have serious health consequences and ecosystem impacts. Due to various factors including the disposal of municipal and industrial wastes, application of fertilizers, atmospheric deposition and discharge of wastewater on land, has resulted in increase in the concentration of heavy metals in the soil. Crops and vegetables grown on such soil accumulate heavy metals, which leads to phyto-toxicity. For understanding and managing precious natural resources, mathematical models are increasingly being used. This paper describes a dynamic macroscopic numerical model for heavy metal transport and its uptake by vegetables in the root zone. The model is applied for simulating cadmium uptake by radish (Raphanus sativus), carrot (Daucos carota), spinach (Spinacia oleracea) and cabbage (Brassica oleracea) by using measured field data. The governing non-linear partial differential equations are solved numerically by an implicit finite difference method using Picard’s iterative technique and the source code is written in MATLAB.     

基于改进的基因表达式编程在重金属形态获取中的应用

本文研究了基因表达式编程在重金属形态获取中的应用问题.利用改进的基因表达式编程和Shannon信息熵方法,验证了算法的高效性,获得了重金属形态预测模型并从该模型中获取了重金属的形态知识的结果.该新模型方法还可广泛用于其他时间序列预测问题的研究.