质子化双氧/硫杂卟啉内氢原子迁移反应的理论研究

在确定各反应体系反应物、产物稳定构象的基础上, 采用B3LYP/6-31G**方法在Gaussian 03程序下, 对质子化的双氧/硫杂卟啉的内氢迁移(IHAT)反应进行研究, 寻找并优化相应的过渡态, 比较其迁移反应速率的差异. 计算结果表明, 质子化双氧/硫杂卟啉的构象稳定性仍然是由芳香性、空间位阻、静电作用共同决定的. 质子化后的双取代体系的内氢迁移反应速率大小差异显著, 内环取代对IHAT反应速率的影响主要来源于电子效应, 而非构象变化; 且双取代对体系IHAT反应速率的影响要远大于单取代.     

卟啉内氢迁移反应氟取代基效应的理论研究

The structures and energies of reactant, product, intermediate, transition and second order saddlepoint in the transfer reaction of inner hydrogen atoms in porphine(PH2), m-tetra-fluorine porphyrin(m-TFPH2), β-octa-fluorine-porphyrin (β-OFPH2) and m-tetra-fluorine, β-octa-fluorine-porphyrin(12FPH2) were calculated by using B3LYP/6-31G** method under certain symmetry restriction. In the transfer reaction of inner hydrogen atoms in all various matters, the comparison of structures and the energies shows that the probabilities of asynchronous mechanism are larger than that of synchronous mechanism via a second-order saddle-point, and substitutents to porphyrin in hydrogen migration have no influence on mechanism choice. But the substitutents can affect speed differences between the synchronous mechanisms and the asynchronous mechanisms. In addition, fluoro substitutents decrease speeds of positive and negative reactions in asynchronous mechanisms, which is in agreement with chemical intuition.     

杂原子取代卟啉的电子结构和光谱

用INDO/CI法计算了等电子氧杂、硫杂、氮杂卟啉的电子结构及低激发态电子跃迁.从前线轨道特征、电荷分布等与自由卟啉对比讨论了杂原子取代卟啉的电子结构.计算结果还预期了一些杂原子取代卟啉的低激发态电子跃迁光谱.     

卟吩内氢迁移反应的理论研究

用B3LYP/6-31G~(* *)方法计算卟吩内氢迁移反应中的反应物、产物、中间体 、过渡态及其二级鞍点的结构与能量、结果表明，分步反应历程的几率较大，与实 验的预测一致，同时对几种理论研究的结果进行了分析比较。     

高硫煤热解过程活性氢/氧对有机硫变迁行为影响研究述评

随着优质煤资源的消耗,高硫煤的清洁高效转化备受关注,尤其是高硫炼焦煤中有机硫的调控至关重要。煤热解过程中,有机硫的变迁始于煤大分子结构中C–S键的断裂和含硫自由基的稳定,活性氢/氧是影响其转化赋存形态的重要因素。研究表明,煤在富氢/氧氛围下热解或与生物质、含氧有机物共热解的体系中,含有的活性氢/氧可弱化有机硫的C–S键,促进其断裂并及时结合生成的含硫自由基,促进煤中硫分向气相变迁,减少了含硫自由基与煤基质的二次反应。同时,高挥发分煤与高硫煤共热解过程中,相对丰富的挥发分中的活性氢/氧也会影响高硫煤中有机硫的变迁,降低焦炭中的硫含量,这为煤中硫分定向调控提供了理论基础。     

几种常见氢迁移反应的理论新见解

氢迁移反应是常见的有机反应,氢迁移反应历程有不同的类型。通常认为大部分氢迁移反应发生在分子内。我们对几种典型氢迁移反应的研究结果发现,这些反应的分子间氢迁移明显比分子内氢迁移在能量上更占优势。     

阻燃剂9,10-二氢-9-氧杂-10-膦杂菲-10-氧化物合成中酯化反应和酰基化反应的优化

有机磷杂环化合物9,10-二氢-9-氧杂-10-膦杂菲-10-氧化物(DOPO)因性能优异而作为无卤阻燃剂得到广泛应用。为了提升和改进DOPO的合成,不少文献对合成中的4个反应,即酯化反应、酰基化反应、水解反应和关环反应进行了大量研究,但是由于缺少合适的分析方法和仪器,对酯化反应和酰基化反应仍没有得出明确的结论。本文则采用了核磁共振磷谱以及测量反应产物HCl吸收碱液的温度变化两种方法,精确地得到了酯化反应和酰基化反应的优化条件。首先采用核磁共振磷谱,讨论了酯化反应温度、原料配比和加料方式对酯化反应产物组成的影响,得出了邻苯基苯氧基二氯化磷(CC)含量高的工艺条件:反应温度80℃,PCl3过量25%~50%,采用邻苯基苯酚(OPP)加入PCl3的反滴法;并得出酯化反应产物的组成直接决定了6-氯-(6氢)-二苯并-(c,e)-氧磷杂己环(CDOP)在酰基化反应产物中的含量。另通过测量HCl吸收碱液的温度变化,间接表征酰基化反应的反应速度,由此得出合适的酰基化反应温度和催化剂用量。结果为:当催化剂固定为0.2 g时,酰基化反应在150℃几乎不反应,随温度升高,反应变快,180℃下4 h完全,190℃下1.5 h即可完成;温度180℃下,1~1.5 g/1 mol OPP的催化剂较为合适,酰基化反应在3~4 h结束。     

硅橡胶/正硅酸乙酯杂化膜的制备及其富氧性能

硅橡胶/正硅酸乙酯杂化膜的制备及其富氧性能;气体分离;硅橡胶膜;杂化膜;富氧性能     

杂元素冠醚研究(Ⅻ)──氧、硫、硒和碲杂冠醚的液膜迁移性能比较

报道了碲杂冠醚(TeB15C5)对Na⁺、K⁺、Ag⁺和Pb²⁺的液膜迁移能力,并与相应的全氧冠醚(B15C5)、硫杂冠醚(SB15C5)和硒杂冠醚(SeB15C5)作了比较;同时以SeB15C5对K⁺的迁移为例考察了冠醚浓度和盐浓度对迁移速率的影响,结果表明,TeB15C5对Na⁺、K⁺和Pb²⁺的迁移能力比SB15C5和SeB15C5强,但对Ag⁺的迁移速率比后两者慢;SeB15C5对Ag⁺的迁移速度比SB15C5快,两者对Ag⁺的选择性都相当高,可以用来分离和回收银等贵重金属。     

吸电子和亲水性Co-卟啉促进电催化氧还原反应的研究

研究影响电催化氧还原反应活性的因素对于合理设计高效的氧还原反应催化剂至关重要。调节催化剂电子结构通常被用于精确调控电催化氧还原反应活性。然而, 该反应发生在液/气/固界面, 很少有报道调控分子催化剂的亲疏水性来提高其催化活性。在此, 我们报道了两种钴卟啉NO₂-CoP（5,10,15,20-四（4-硝基苯基）钴卟啉）和5F-CoP（5,10,15,20-四（五氟苯基）钴卟啉）并研究了其电催化氧还原反应性能。通过同时调控meso-位取代基的电子结构和亲水性能, NO₂-CoP显示出比5F-CoP更高的电催化氧还原反应活性, 其半波电位向阳极方向移动近60 mV。NO₂-CoP比5F-CoP具有更好的亲水性。理论计算表明, NO₂-CoP比5F-CoP更容易有效地与O₂分子结合形成Co^III-O₂^·-。这项工作提供了一个简单而有效的策略, 通过使用吸电子和亲水取代基来提高钴卟啉的氧还原反应活性。该策略对于设计和开发其他用于电催化的分子催化剂体系也具有重要的启发意义。     

8-羟基喹啉单体及二聚体质子转移反应的理论研究

Density functional theory （DFT） of quantum chemistry method was employed to investigate proton transfer reactions of 8-hydroxyquinoline （8-HQ） monomers and dimers. By studying the potential energy curves of the isomerization, the most possible reaction pathway was found. The total energy of 8-hydroxyquinoline was lower than that of quinolin-8（1H）-one, whereas the order was reversed in dimers. The findings explained the contrary experimental phenomena. The minimum reaction barrier of intramolecular proton transfer was 47.3 kJ/mol while that in dimer was only 25.7 kJ/mol. Hence it is obvious that proton transfer reactions of 8-HQ monomer have a considerable rate but it is easier to proceed for 8-HQ dimer than monomers. It implied that the hydrogen bond played an important role in depressing the activation energy of reaction. The mechanism of the tautomerization was discussed on the basis of theoretical results.     

Theoretical Study on the NO2＋NO2^— Electron Transfer Reaction

The NO2 NO2^- electron transfer reaction was studied with DFT-B3LYP method at 6-311 G^* basis set level for the eight selected structures:four species favor the structure of “head to head”.The geometry of transition state was obtained by the linear corrdinate method.Three parameters,non-adiabatic activation energy(Ead),coupling matrix element(Hif) and reorganization energy(λ) for electron transfer reaction can be calculated.According to the reorganization energy of the ET reaction,the values obtained from George-Griffith-Marcus (GGM) method(the contribution only from diagonal elements of force constant matrix) are larger than those obtained from Hessian matrix method(including the contribution from both diagonal and off-diagonal elements), which suggests that the coupling interactions between different vibrational modes are important to the inner-sphere reorganization energy for the ET reactions in gaseous phase.The value of rate constant was obtained by using above three activation parameters.     

催化裂化过程中负氢离子转移反应和氢转移反应的不同特征

 基于重质油在酸性Y分子筛催化剂上的反应,区分了负氢离子转移反应和氢转移反应,认为负氢离子转移和氢转移是重质油催化反应过程中的两个不同过程. 确定了大庆减压蜡油在酸性Y分子筛催化剂上反应时,负氢离子转移反应主要发生在反应前期(转化率为5%～10%)至反应中后期(转化率为60%～70%)的转化深度区间,而氢转移反应主要发生在反应后期(转化率＞60%～70%). 负氢离子转移反应基本不产生焦炭,焦炭主要通过氢转移反应产生. Y分子筛上发生的主要是汽油烯烃和环烷烃之间的氢转移反应.     

Theoretical Study on the Excited-state Intramolecular Hydrogen Abstraction Reactions of Butanal

The excited-state intramolecular hydrogen abstraction reactions of butanal have been investigated using the CAS-MP2/6-311＋G^＊//CASSCF/6-31G^＊ methods. Calculated results show that the hydrogen transfer induced fluorescence quenching of the n,π^＊-excited state of covalent butanal with three paths： （1） The first path corresponds to direct S0-react reconstitution, which involves the first S1 decay by partial hydrogen atom transfer. （2） The second stepwise mechanism can be viewed as a full hydrogen atom transfer followed by a partial hydrogen atom back transfer, electron transfer （near S1/S0 or S0-TS） and finally a proton transfer to S0-react. （3） On the triplet surface, the surface crossing to the singlet state would be clearly much efficient at the T1/S0 region due to the large SOC value of 8.3 cm^-1. The S0-react decay route from T1/S0 was studied with an intrinsic reaction coordinate （IRC） calculation at the CASSCF level, resulting in the S0-React minimum.     

H原子与CO2分子碰撞的化学反应与能量转移

Collisions between hot H atoms and CO2 molecules were studied experimentally by time-resolved Fourier transform infrared emission spectroscopy. H atoms with three translational energies, 174.7, 241.0 and 306.2 kJ/mol respectively, were generated by UV laser photolysis to initiate a chemical reaction of H+CO2!OH+CO. Vibrationally excited CO (v≤2) was observed in the spectrum, where CO was the product of the reaction. The highly efficient T-V energy transfer from the hot H atoms to the CO2 was verified too. The highest vibrational level of v=4 in CO2 (v≤3) was found. Rate ratio of the chemical reaction to the energy transfer was estimated as 10.     

黄芩素激发态分子内质予转移耦合电荷转移反应的实验和理论研究

通过稳态光谱实验和量子化学计算相结合,研究了黄芩素激发态质子转移耦合电荷转移的反应. 实验和计算中S1态吸收峰的缺失表明S1态是暗态. S1暗态导致在实验中观察不到黄芩素在乙醇溶液中的荧光峰,且固体的荧光峰很弱. 黄芩素分子的前线分子轨道和电荷差异密度表明S1态是电荷转移态,然而S2态是局域激发态. 计算的黄芩素分子的势能曲线在激发态只有一个稳定点,这表明了黄芩素激发态分子内质子转移的过程是一个无能垒的过程.