二阶声场波动方程的非分裂完全匹配层算法

在声场仿真中,完全匹配层(Perfectly Matched Layer,PML)是一种十分有效的吸收边界并得到广泛应用。为了解决基于二阶声场波动方程数值仿真中的吸收边界问题,提出了一种非分裂PML算法。首先,基于伸缩坐标变换,推导了PML算法的频域表达式。然后,通过构造辅助微分方程,得到了非分裂PML的时域表达式。最后,进行了相关理论分析和数值仿真,结果表明:相对于已有的声场分裂PML算法,该算法在保持相同的吸收效率的同时,能较大地节约存储空间,提高计算效率,且更易于实现。     

A novel unsplit perfectly matched layer for the second-order acoustic wave equation

When solving acoustic field equations by using numerical approximation technique, absorbing boundary conditions (ABCs) are widely used to truncate the simulation to a finite space. The perfectly matched layer (PML) technique has exhibited excellent absorbing efficiency as an ABC for the acoustic wave equation formulated as a first-order system. However, as the PML was originally designed for the first-order equation system, it cannot be applied to the second-order equation system directly. In this article, we aim to extend the unsplit PML to the second-order equation system. We developed an efficient unsplit implementation of PML for the second-order acoustic wave equation based on an auxiliary-differential-equation (ADE) scheme. The proposed method can benefit to the use of PML in simulations based on second-order equations. Compared with the existing PMLs, it has simpler implementation and requires less extra storage. Numerical results from finite-difference time-domain models are provided to illustrate the validity of the approach.     

Unsplit perfectly matched layer for acoustic field simulation based on second-order wave equation

The Perfectly Matched Layer(PML) is an effective absorbing boundary and has been widely used in acoustic simulation.In order to develop an absorbing boundary condition for numerical simulation based on the second-order acoustic wave equation,an Unsplit PML algorithm is proposed.Firstly,frequency-domain expression of this method is formulated based on the complex stretching coordinate schema.Then,its time-domain expression is derived by formulating auxiliary differential equations.Finally,relative theoretical analysis and numerical simulations are carried out,the results of which demonstrate that compared with the existing Split PMLs,the proposed method has the same absorbing efficiency and can reduce storage greatly.It can also increase calculation efficiency with easier implementation.     

有耗介质完全匹配层在时域多分辨分析中的应用

 对无耗和有耗介质中的完全匹配问题进行了研究,将广义完全匹配吸收层(GPML)应用到时域多分辨分析（MRTD）中。GPML是在扩展坐标系下由Maxwell方程得到的,在MRTD中实现对GPML的求解,并在频域对GPML进行了有效性分析,得出了GPML在不同空间步长和不同吸收层厚度情况下入射波由真空入射到吸收层的反射系数在频域的分布,并给出了有耗介质中GPML吸收效果的例子。结果表明,GPML的反射系数在一定频率范围内小于-40 dB,且随着计算空间步长的减小和吸收层厚度的增加而减小。GPML既可以用来截断无耗介质也可以用来截断有耗介质,为时域多分辨分析方法提供了一种较为通用的吸收边界。     

有耗介质完全匹配层在时域多分辨分析中的应用

对无耗和有耗介质中的完全匹配问题进行了研究,将广义完全匹配吸收层(GPML)应用到时域多分辨分析（MRTD）中。GPML是在扩展坐标系下由Maxwell方程得到的,在MRTD中实现对GPML的求解,并在频域对GPML进行了有效性分析,得出了GPML在不同空间步长和不同吸收层厚度情况下入射波由真空入射到吸收层的反射系数在频域的分布,并给出了有耗介质中GPML吸收效果的例子。结果表明,GPML的反射系数在一定频率范围内小于-40 dB,且随着计算空间步长的减小和吸收层厚度的增加而减小。GPML既可以用来截断无耗介质也可以用来截断有耗介质,为时域多分辨分析方法提供了一种较为通用的吸收边界。     

常规分裂和非分裂完全匹配层吸收边界比较研究

分别对常规分裂和非分裂完全匹配层吸收边界在完全弹性介质和孔隙介质的应用效果进行了比较研究。比较了两种吸收边界应用于完全弹性介质和孔隙介质所需计算量、存储量大小以及吸收效果。为比较吸收效果,首先给出两种吸收边界下声场快照图的比较,然后利用吸收边界附近的接收点波形,计算和分析了两种吸收边界在固定入射角度处随时间变化的边界反射幅度,以及对不同入射角度声波的边界反射系数。研究结果表明,无论是完全弹性介质还是孔隙介质,常规非分裂完全匹配层吸收边界比分裂完全匹配层吸收边界对垂直入射乃至一般入射角度的声波都有更好的吸收效果,但需要更大的存储量和计算量。     

常规分裂和非分裂完全匹配层吸收边界比较研究

分别对常规分裂和非分裂完全匹配层吸收边界在完全弹性介质和孔隙介质的应用效果进行了比较研究。比较了两种吸收边界应用于完全弹性介质和孔隙介质所需计算量、存储量大小以及吸收效果。为比较吸收效果,首先给出两种吸收边界下声场快照图的比较,然后利用吸收边界附近的接收点波形,计算和分析了两种吸收边界在固定入射角度处随时间变化的边界反射幅度,以及对不同入射角度声波的边界反射系数。研究结果表明,无论是完全弹性介质还是孔隙介质,常规非分裂完全匹配层吸收边界比分裂完全匹配层吸收边界对垂直入射乃至一般入射角度的声波都有更好的吸收效果,但需要更大的存储量和计算量。     

截断各向异性等离子体的修正各向异性完全匹配层吸收边界

基于磁化等离子体本构方程,提出了一种截断各向异性色散介质的修正的各向异性完全匹配层(M-UPML)吸收边界算法。通过等效相对介电常数,将UPML推广到截断各向异性等离子体介质的情形,并推导了其时域有限差分方法(FDTD)迭代式。用该方法计算了半空间磁化与非磁化等离子体的反射系数,计算结果与解析解相一致,表明该吸收边界具有良好的吸收效果。     

截断各向异性等离子体的修正各向异性完全匹配层吸收边界

 基于磁化等离子体本构方程,提出了一种截断各向异性色散介质的修正的各向异性完全匹配层(M-UPML)吸收边界算法。通过等效相对介电常数,将UPML推广到截断各向异性等离子体介质的情形,并推导了其时域有限差分方法(FDTD)迭代式。用该方法计算了半空间磁化与非磁化等离子体的反射系数,计算结果与解析解相一致,表明该吸收边界具有良好的吸收效果。     

Application of convolution perfectly matched layer in finite element method calculation for 2D acoustic wave

A method was presented to extend the Convolution Perfectly Matched Layer(CPML), which bases on the complex coordinates transformation and complex frequency shifted stretched-coordinate metrics,to the 2D acoustic equation calculated with the method of Finite Element Method(FEM).This non-physical layer is used at the computational edge of a FEM as an Absorbing Boundary Condition(ABC) to truncate unbounded media.In this paper,the CPML equations have been presented in frequency domain and in time domain,respectively,and the calculations have been realized in the FEM software of COMSOL.The main advantage of CPML over the classical PML layer is that it is based on the unsplit components of the wave field leading to a more stable,highly effective absorption and a more facility to realize.The results of numerical simulation demonstrate that CPML has better absorbability than PML and it absorbs the outgoing energy more effectively.     

卷积完全匹配层在两维声波有限元计算中的应用

将基于复坐标变换和复频移扩展坐标变量的卷积完全匹配层Convolution Perfectly Machted Layer(CPML)引入到两维声波方程的有限元(FEM)计算中,该匹配层作为一种吸收边界条件Absorbing Boundary Condition(ABC)应用在有限元计算的边界截断上。文中分别给出了频域和时域的CPML方程的表达形式,并在有限元计算软件COMSOL中完成数值计算。相对于经典的PML,CPML最大的优势在于它不需要把场分裂开,这使其具有更好的稳定性和更高的吸收性能,且更易于实现。数值计算结果表明,CPML边界层有着比PML更好的吸收效果,其更有效的吸收了进入其中的声场能量。     

A perfectly matched layer approach to the nonlinear Schrödinger wave equations

Absorbing boundary conditions (ABCs) are generally required for simulating waves in unbounded domains. As one of those approaches for designing ABCs, perfectly matched layer (PML) has achieved great success for both linear and nonlinear wave equations. In this paper we apply PML to the nonlinear Schrödinger wave equations. The idea involved is stimulated by the good performance of PML for the linear Schrödinger equation with constant potentials, together with the time-transverse invariant property held by the nonlinear Schrödinger wave equations. Numerical tests demonstrate the effectiveness of our PML approach for both nonlinear Schrödinger equations and some Schrödinger-coupled systems in each spatial dimension.     

Drift motion of domain boundaries in garnet ferrites in an acoustic wave field

The drift motion of a 180° domain boundary in garnet ferrites with two nonequivalent sublattices is studied in an elastic stress field induced by an acoustic wave propagating in the domain boundary plane. The dependences of the drift velocity on the amplitude and polarization of the acoustic wave are obtained, and the drift motion conditions for a strip domain structure are determined.     

A non-uniform basis order for the discontinuous Galerkin method of the 3D dissipative wave equation with perfectly matched layer

In this study a discontinuous Galerkin method (DG) for solving the three-dimensional time-dependent dissipative wave equation is investigated. In the case of unbounded problems, the perfectly matching layer (PML) is used to truncate the computational domain. The aim of this work is to investigate a simple selection method for choosing the basis order for elements in the computational mesh in order to obtain a predetermined error level. The selection method studied here relies on the error estimates provided by Ainsworth [M. Ainsworth, Dispersive and dissipative behaviour of high order discontinuous Galerkin finite element methods, Journal of Computational Physics 198(1) (2004) 106–130]. The performance of the non-uniform basis is examined using numerical experiments. In the simulated model problems, a feasible method choosing the basis order for arbitrary sized elements is achieved. In simulations, the effect of dissipation and the choices of the PML parameters on the performance of the DG method are also investigated.     

有耗介质空间完全匹配层吸收边界条件及其应用

针对Gedney提出的完全匹配层(PML)无法用于有耗各向同性计算域的截断及其对倏逝波的衰减不理想等问题,提出了一种扩展方法。扩展的PML的主要思想是在各向异性的PML中引入与有耗介质空间相一致的复介电常数和复磁导率,使之可以与有耗介质计算域相匹配。通过给PML的张量介电常数、张量磁导率增加衰减因子以加速倏逝波的衰减。构造了PML吸收效果验证模型,数值结果证明了扩展的PML在处理有耗介质计算域截断问题中的有效性。利用该吸收边界条件,采用时域有限差分法计算了电磁脉冲作用下地面铺设电缆的电磁脉冲响应,计算结果和试验结果取得了较好的一致。     

Frequency/time domain modeling of a direct drive point absorber wave energy converter

Two different methods to model a point absorber wave energy converter(WEC)with direct drive linear power take-off(PTO)are proposed in the present study:the frequency domain(FD)method and the time domain(TD)method.In the FD analysis,the frequency response function(FRF)of the WEC device is obtained via the equation of motion,and the expressions of power capture width in regular and random waves are derived as well.In the TD modeling,based on a state space approximation of the convolution term in the motion equation,both regular wave and random wave simulations are carried out.The regular wave simulation results indicate that the state space approximation is sufficiently accurate and the capture width reaches the maximum in the vicinity of the natural frequency.In the random wave simulations,the effects of buoy size,the PTO damping and wave climate on the power capture width are discussed in detail,which leads to the conclusion that the capture widths are influenced by the natural frequency of the WEC device,peak frequency of the wave spectrum,the amplitude of FRF and PTO damping.Furthermore,the increase of the capture width is at the cost of a relatively large buoy size and PTO damping when control is not included.     

基于辅助差分方程的完全匹配层在时域多分辨率分析算法中的应用与性能分析

将基于辅助微分方程的完全匹配层(ADE-PML)吸收边界条件引入到基于Daubechies尺度函数的时域多分辨率分析算法中. 与目前广泛应用的Berenger完全匹配层(PML)和各向异性介质完全匹配层(APML) 相比, 该吸收边界条件的实现更加容易且更节省内存. 数值结果表明, ADE-PML在吸收传播模和低频凋落模方面均优于PML和APML.     

Optical modelling of photonic crystals and VCSELs using eigenmode expansion and perfectly matched layers

We present a modelling approach for photonic crystal structures and vertical-cavity surface-emitting lasers (VCSELs). This method is based on vectorial eigenmode expansion combined with perfectly matched layer (PML) boundary conditions. Compared to other methods, a relatively small computational effort is required, while at the same time accurate results are obtained, even in the presence of strong scattering and diffraction losses.     

Fast analysis of transient acoustic wave scattering from rigid bodies using the multilevel plane wave time domain algorithm

The analysis of transient wave scattering from rigid bodies using integral equation-based techniques is computationally intensive: if carried out using classical schemes, the evaluation of the velocity potential on the surface of a three-dimensional scatterer, represented in terms of Ns spatial basis functions for Nt time steps, requires O(NtNs2) operations. The recently developed plane wave time domain (PWTD) algorithm permits the rapid evaluation of transient fields that are generated by bandlimited source distributions. It has been shown that incorporation of the PWTD algorithm into integral equation-based solvers in a two-level setting reduces the computational complexity of a transient analysis to O(NtNs1.5 logNs). In this paper, it is shown that casting the PWTD scheme into a multilevel framework permits the analysis of transient acoustic surface scattering phenomena in O(NtNslog2Ns) operations using O(NtNs) memory. Numerical examples that demonstrate the efficacy of the multilevel implementation are also presented.     

Rigorous and approximate methods for modeling wave scattering from a locally perturbed perfectly conducting surface

Rigorous and approximate methods are considered for solving the problem of harmonic plane wave scattering from a plane surface arbitrarily perturbed along one dimension on a finite interval. This problem is treated using the Fredholm integral equations of the second kind and the Kirchhoff and Rayleigh approximations. The estimates of the computational efficiency of the integral equation method and the Rayleigh approximation are compared by calculating fields scattered from random rough surfaces in the resonance region (i.e., when the roughness height is comparable to or smaller than the incident wavelength) for an arbitrary incidence of a plane wave. Scattering patterns calculated using the integral equations and the Kirchhoff approximation are discussed in the case of large-scale random rough surface scattering. Particular attention is paid to scattering at near-grazing incidence.