利用受激布里渊散射实现在轨运动目标激光跟踪瞄准研究

利用受激布里渊散射相位共轭技术,补偿激光大气传输过程中由于大气湍流等因素所造成的激光波前畸变,并且引入速度补偿镜方法,对模拟运动目标进行激光跟踪瞄准。利用高斯光束的无限腔长相位共轭腔理论分析了这种跟瞄方法的可行性。在室外1．27km距离,进行了在轨运动目标跟踪瞄准的原理性实验研究,实验结果表明,利用受激布里渊散射相位共轭技术和速度补偿镜方法,可以实现对在轨运动目标的跟踪瞄准,并且通过此方法,可以把激光能量能较好地集中于目标上一个很小的区域内。到达目标的最大共轭光能量为24．0mJ。     

用SF6气体作SBS相位共轭镜的激光谐振腔

利用高压SF_6气体中的受激布里渊散射作相位共轭镜,将其用于Nd:YAG激光谐振腔,得到了能量在100mJ左右的脉冲激光输出.与利用液体介质的受激布里渊散射相位共轭腔的激光输出相比,其光斑的空间模式大大改善,基本达到TEM_(00)模,功率密度在150MW/cm~2输出能量的稳定性也有所提高.     

Twist phase-induced reduction in scintillation of a partially coherent beam in turbulent atmosphere

The scintillation index of a Gaussian Schell-model beam with twist phase (i.e., twisted GSM beam) in weak turbulent atmosphere is formulated with the help of a tensor method. Variations of the scintillation index of a twisted GSM beam on propagation in turbulent atmosphere are studied in detail. It is interesting to find that the scintillation index of a twisted GSM beam can be smaller than that without twist phase in weak turbulent atmosphere. Thus, modulation of the twist phase of a partially coherent beam provides a new way to reduce turbulence-induced scintillation.     

Non-Kolmogorov湍流大气中小尺度热晕效应线性理论

从小尺度热晕线性理论出发,在non-Kolmogorov谱的基础上,得到了non-Kolmogorov谱湍流下热晕相位补偿的Strehl比表达式,分析了湍流谱对高能激光的相位补偿的影响.研究结果表明湍流谱对湍流热晕效应的相位补偿有重要的影响.在相同的湍流菲涅耳数下,当谱指数越接近于3时补偿效果越差,谱指数接近于4时补偿效果越好.在相同大气相干长度条件下或在相同湍流折射率常量条件下,当谱指数接近于3时,Strehl比随热晕效应的增强而下降变快,当湍流谱指数逐渐接近于4时,Strehl比下降速度变慢.其原因是随着湍流谱指数的增大,湍流热晕相互作用引起的对数振幅起伏增长变慢.     

大气湍流对多抖动法相干合成技术中相位调制信号的影响

分析了大气湍流对采用多抖动法实现的相干合成阵列光束中相位调制信号的影响. 文章首先根据广义惠更斯-菲涅耳原理,采用折射率结构函数对大气湍流进行描述,推导了多抖动法相干合成中阵列光束通过大气湍流后相位调制信号的一般表达式. 在此基础上进行数值模拟,分析了传输距离、湍流强度、光束阵列占空比和光斑尺寸等因素对相位调制信号的影响. 研究发现随着传输距离的增大,相位调制信号强度会先增大后减小,存在一个极大值点;随着湍流强度的增强,相位调制信号强度极大值点的出现距离不断缩短;当光束阵列占空比一定时,随着光斑尺寸的增大 关键词： 大气湍流 相干合成 多抖动法 相位调制     

脉冲激光-铜靶等离子体产生及其演化过程的瞬态光谱研究

应用时间分辨光谱技术, 研究了高能量纳秒脉冲激光作用下铜靶表面等离子体产生及演化的物理过程. 实验中相互作用区固-气-液三相对激光能量的吸收明显地反映于激光反射强度随时间的演化中, 使得靶表面物质形态的改变导致激光反射强度随时间呈双峰分布.同时, 随着激光峰值功率密度的增加, 靶面等离子体(气)-固-液相变发生的时间相应提前.因此, 这些瞬态性质是诊断激光-固体靶相互作用中靶面物质相变时间的有效方法.     

Near-diffraction-limited dark hollow beam generated by using a hybrid control way

We propose and demonstrate the generation of dark hollow beam with plane wavefront in the near field based on a hybrid control way by using dual phase only liquid crystal spatial light modulators (LC-SLMs). One phase only LC-SLM redistributes the intensity to the target distribution based on refractive beam shaping system and the other phase only LC-SLM adaptively compensates the wavefront of the output beam by using stochastic parallel gradient descent (SPGD) algorithm. Compared with conventional refractive beam shaping system, the hybrid control way can not only improve the far-field energy concentration of the output beam, but also can correct the phase distortion of the system. Influences of phase distortion on laser beam shaping are analyzed in detail. The theoretical and experimental results show that the near-diffraction-limited dark hollow beam can be successfully generated by using this hybrid control way. The power in the main lobe of the airy disk pattern area in the far field is 2.3 times larger than that without being adaptively compensated.     

Light-beat measurement of phase fluctuations of a laser beam propagating through a turbulent atmosphere

Real-time processing of phase fluctuations of a laser beam has been considered in association with the phase of a beat signal of light. Two fine light beams, included in the expanded laser beam propagating through an artificially turbulent atmosphere, are shifted in frequency by two successive ultrasonic light modulators at slightly different frequencies, so that they can be photomixed to generate a beat signal whose phase is randomly modulated. The fluctuating phase difference of the two fine beams can be revealed in real-time from the phase of the beat signal. It is immediately processed by a conventional wave-height analyzer, from which a probability density and its variance are simply obtained. When the atmosphere is perturbed by the blower with a heater alone, the probability density takes the Gaussian form and the variance obeys approximately the 5/3-power law as the two beam separation is increased. When the turbulent atmosphere is further disturbed by some metallic mesh, the probability density does not always obey Gaussian statistics, but it depends greatly on the turbulent state of the atmosphere.     

Optimization studies of photo-neutron production in high-<Emphasis Type="Italic">Z</Emphasis> metallic targets using high energy electron beam for ADS and transmutation

Monte Carlo calculations have been performed using MCNP code to study the optimization of photo-neutron yield for different electron beam energies impinging on Pb, W and Ta cylindrical targets of varying thickness. It is noticed that photo-neutron yield can be increased for electron beam energies ≥100 MeV for appropriate thickness of the target. It is also noticed that it can be maximized by further increasing the thickness of the target. Further, at higher electron beam energy heat gradient in the target decreases, which facilitates easier heat removal from the target. This can help in developing a photoneutron source based on electron LINAC by choosing appropriate electron beam energy and target thickness to optimize the neutron flux for ADS, transmutation studies and as high energy neutron source etc. Photo-neutron yield for different targets, optimum target thickness and photo-neutron energy spectrum and heat deposition by electron beam for different incident energy is presented.      

Phase-Locked Fibre Array for Coherent Combination and Atmosphere Aberration Compensation

We report a fibre amplifier array that not only achieves coherent beam combination by compensation of phase noises of fibre amplifier, but also accomplishes correction of atmosphere aberration. It is of master-oscillatormultiple-amplifier （MOPA） configuration, which can be phase-locked by the multidither principle or heterodyne detection principle. First laboratory experiments of atmosphere aberration compensation of a three-element fibre amplifier array are reported. The atmosphere aberration is created by a phase screen in the experiment. The phase changes of the beam, which are introduced by the fibre amplifier and the phase screen, are both detected by the heterodyne detection method. Phase modulators are controlled to compensate for the phase in the three paths. No matter whether there is a phase screen producing atmosphere aberration or not, the dim dynamic interference fringes in the far field turn to a clear and stable pattern, and the peak intensity is maximized. It is indicated that the fibre amplifier array is phase-locked, and coherent combination of the three beams is achieved. It can be used not only to obtain high power fibre laser array but also in laser space communication.     

Simulation of anisoplanatism of adaptive optical system in inhomogeneous turbulent atmosphere

The goal of this study was to analyse anisoplanatism of adaptive optics under an inhomogeneous turbulent atmosphere over a pupil of finite size. By means of a numerical model with layers of turbulence software was proposed by which point spread function (PSF), optical transfer function (OTF) as well as system isoplanatic angle can be calculated. Atmospheric turbulence was simulated with the aid of a set of moving random phase screens with arbitrary statistics. Both reference and target are assumed to be the point light sources. To simulate atmospheric turbulence we applied the concept of a number of moving random phase screens with Kolmogorov spectrum. In my investigation I used the model of the Shack-Hartmann wave front sensor and the ideal model of a wave front adaptive mirror that is assumed to reproduce a given number of Zernike polynomials without time delays. The designed software allows calculation of instantaneous and average values of phase correction errors at different angles between a reference beacon and target source. Simulations can be made with a broad range of parameters of an adaptive system and atmospheric turbulence. The system of the model allows changing of the control algorithm of phase correction. Both common phase conjugation and weighted phase conjugation algorithm have been tested. This program is capable of calculating the effects of beam diffraction during propagation in the atmosphere.     

Beam Profile Improvement of a LD Array by an External Cavity with Photorefractive Phase Conjugate Mirror

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“之字形”光路薄管固体激光大气长程传输光束质量分析

“之字形”光路薄管固体激光是一种结构紧凑、增益高且利于发射的新型激光光源。针对薄管固体激光光源及其大气长程传输过程中的光束质量退化问题,提出了基于直角锥面变形镜的薄管激光校正方法,进而通过建立薄管激光校正模型以及大气长程传输模型,开展了薄管激光大气长程传输光束质量分析。首先,针对大遮拦比窄环宽环形光束与发射系统的匹配问题,提供了一种薄管激光环形光束整形变换方案,有效实现了薄管激光的整形和变换。然后,分析了薄管激光光源光束质量、大气湍流效应和热晕效应等对整形变换后的薄管激光大气长程传输特性的影响,进而明确了薄管激光大气长程传输光束质量退化机理。最后,分析了直角锥面变形镜对薄管激光的光源畸变、大气湍流的低频分量和热晕导致的离焦相位等的校正效果。结果表明,经过直角锥面变形镜的校正,薄管激光光源光束质量明显改善,大气长程传输后的远场光束质量有所提高。若进一步配合常规变形镜进行联合校正,薄管激光大气长程传输后的远场光束质量可得到显著提升。     

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The generation and control of microwave electron cyclotron resonance (ECR) plasma cathode electron beam is studied experimentally. A complete set of discharge, electron beam extraction, focusing and measuring system was set up. The characteristics and performance of microwave ECR plasmas as electron beam extraction source were studied by measuring the current of water cooling target and the beam spot size on the target. Experimental results indicated that both microwave input power and accelerating voltage are conducive to improving electron beam current. The influence of gas pressure on the electron beam current was complex. With the increase of gas pressure, the electron beam current is characterized by decreasing first and then increasing. The extracted electron current of microwave ECR plasma cathode can reach 75mA at gas pressure of 7×10⁻⁴Pa, and the energy of the electron beam can reach 9keV. The energy utilization can reach 0.6. By adjusting the current of the focusing coil, the diameter of electron beam spot is reduced from 20mm to 13mm and the electron beam current keeps the value unchanged.     

Coherent beam combining of pulsed fiber lasers with hybrid phase control

We demonstrate a scalable architecture for coherent combining of all-fiber pulsed lasers with hybrid phase control involving passive phasing and active phasing for the first time. Synchronized and passive phased pulsed laser array is built by intra-activity phase modulation. Active phase control on the passive phased pulsed laser array using stochastic parallel gradient descent algorithm provides stable in-phase coherent beam combining pattern in a turbulent atmosphere. The fringe visibility is increased from 0 two 0.43 and the power encircled in the main-lobe is 1.616 times increased when the system evolves from passive phasing to hybrid phasing. The architecture can be easily scaled up to high power by increasing power of each individual laser, number of laser elements and introduction of power amplifiers, which will lead a promising way for scaleable high power coherent beam combining of pulsed lasers.     

微波电子回旋共振等离子体阴极电子束的实验研究

介绍了实验室研制的微波电子回旋共振(ECR)等离子体阴极电子束系统及初步研究结果，该系统包括微波ECR 等离子体源、电子束引出极、聚焦线圈等。通过测量水冷靶电流和靶上的束斑尺寸，实验研究了微波ECR 等离子体阴极电子束的流强、聚束性能等随电子束系统工作条件的变化。结果表明：微波输入功率越高、引出电压越高，引出电子束流强越大；工作气压对电子束流强的影响较复杂，随气压增加呈现出先降低后升高的特点；在7×10⁻⁴Pa 的极低气压下电子束流强可达75mA，引出电压9kV；能量利用率可达0.6；调整聚焦线圈的驱动电流，电子束的束斑直径从20mm 减小到13mm，电子束流强未有明显变化。     

高能多脉冲辐射照相的复合靶物理分析

 介绍了电子束与钽靶相互作用的能量沉积解析理论和（钽-碳）复合靶的设计。单靶的某个区域内形成的高温等离子体沿轴的2个方向(±z)溅射而使单靶穿孔,大焦斑束形成较小的孔,小焦斑下靶孔较大而相对光滑。复合靶或修正复合靶可以经受2~3个束脉冲的连续照射。蒙卡模拟计算表明,复合靶或修正复合靶的焦斑尺寸与单靶相同,可用于多脉冲闪光照相。     

An Electron Beam Initiated Fusion Neutron Generator

An experimental scheme is proposed which seems to satisfy all the requirements for use of a high energy electron beam to initiate a thermonuclear plasma. One-dimensional expansion is utilized to obtain confinement times longer than the pulse length of the electron beams. A magnetic field is used to limit the radial heat conductivity, and this magnetic field also serves as a guiding field for the electron beams when they are in the vicinity of the target. Two opposing electron beams are employed and the forces produced by these counterstreaming currents in the overlap region of the beams are sufficient to stop the beams within the target. Estimates made of all the critical factors indicate that beams achievable with current technology can be focused and stopped in T-D targets 6 cm long with densities as low as 1021 cm-3. With a containing magnetic field of 750 kilogauss the containment time of the plasma is sufficiently long so that beam pulse lengths up to 8 × 10-9 sec can be used. Furthermore a positive fusion energy yield relative to the energy delivered to the target is predicted.     

Experimental set-up for irradiation of solid H2 and D2 with charged particles of keV energies

An experimental facility was built where films of solid deuterium (and hydrogen) may be made with known thickness and irradiated with pulsed beams of electrons (up to 3 keV) and light ions (up to 10 keV). Films are made on a target plate held at 2.5–3 K. Film growth rate is calibrated with a quartz crystal film thickness monitor. The target plate, which can be heated so that films are removable by evaporation, may be used both as a calorimeter and as a beam current collector. Methods for measurement of secondary electron emission coefficients were developed, and preliminary measurements were made with electrons and hydrogen ions. For electron bombardment, the secondary electron emission coefficient of solid deuterium was much smaller than one. It was shown possible to use the set-up to study beam desorption of very thin films. Furthermore the set-up could be used for measuring the energy-reflection coefficient γ (i.e. the fraction of beam energy reflected from the target) for protons impinging on a heavy target material by using the target as a calorimeter.     

Write-Once Medium with Fe-Doped BiOx Thin Films for Blue Laser Recording

Fe：BiOx films are fabricated on K9 glass substrates by rf-magnetron sputtering of a BiFeO target under argon atmosphere with increasing sputtering power from 80 to 200 W at room temperature. It is found that the thin films grown at the sputtering power of 160 W can be formed at an appropriate deposition rate and have an improved surface morphology. The XPS result reveals that the films investigated are comprised of Bi, Fe and O elements. A typical XRD pattern shows that no phase transition occurs in the films up to 400℃. The results of the blue laser recording test demonstrate that the Fe：BiOx films have good writing sensitivity for blue laser beam （406.7nm） and good stability after reading 10000 times. The recording marks of 200nm or less are obtained. These results indicate that the introduction of Fe into BiOx films can reduce the mark size and improve the stability of the films.