2024铝合金激光多次冲击诱导残余应力状态分布规律

采用高功率激光器多次冲击2024铝合金,用X射线衍射技术分析了冲击区域的残余应力,研究了冲击残余应力状态分布规律,并用其评价激光冲击强化效果。研究表明,随着冲击次数增加,塑变量及塑性应变梯度逐渐减小,测点是双向压应力状态,而4次冲击时,塑性应变梯度增大,光斑中心是单向压应力状态,其他点是双向压应力状态。当激光功率密度为2.8 GW/cm2时,3次冲击强化效果最佳,材料是二向压应力状态,残余最大主应力及应力强度的均值最大,方差最小,分布基本均匀,塑性应变梯度较小。     

大尺寸纳米晶磁环的动态磁性能测量

 在感应型速调管调制器中使用了纳米晶磁性材料制作大尺寸磁环,使用伏安向量法对材料试样的磁性能进行测量,得到频率为20.03 kHz和50 kHz时的动态磁化曲线、磁导率、磁场损耗等参数。使用脉冲法对成型的大尺寸磁环动态磁性能进行测量,励磁方式和工作中完全一致,在测量脉冲脉宽3.5~4.0 μs,重复频率50 Hz,初次线圈均为1匝,外径220 mm,内径80 mm,高60 mm,截面积4 200 mm²时,得到磁环实际能够达到的伏秒数为0.007 V·s,此时所需的偏磁电流大小为8 A。     

聚乙二醇对溶胶-凝胶SiO2增透膜激光损伤行为的影响

采用溶胶-凝胶工艺制备了聚乙二醇（PEG）改性SiO2单层增透膜,用输出波长1.06 μm,脉宽3 ns的调Q激光系统产生的强激光进行辐照实验。观察了添加PEG前后的膜层的微结构、表面形貌以及激光损伤行为的变化,讨论了PEG对薄膜激光损伤行为产生影响的机制。结果表明：添加的PEG可以修饰、导向溶胶簇团的生长和交联,并使之有序,由此制备的薄膜结构规整,微缺陷减少,这就提高了膜层的激光损伤阈值;在激光辐照过程中,膜料吸收激光能量,膜层温度升高,膜层的PEG分子受热逐步分解挥发,膜层产生损伤。     

大尺寸纳米晶磁环的动态磁性能测量

在感应型速调管调制器中使用了纳米晶磁性材料制作大尺寸磁环,使用伏安向量法对材料试样的磁性能进行测量,得到频率为20.03 kHz和50 kHz时的动态磁化曲线、磁导率、磁场损耗等参数。使用脉冲法对成型的大尺寸磁环动态磁性能进行测量,励磁方式和工作中完全一致,在测量脉冲脉宽3.5~4.0 μs,重复频率50 Hz,初次线圈均为1匝,外径220 mm,内径80 mm,高60 mm,截面积4 200 mm2时,得到磁环实际能够达到的伏秒数为0.007 V·s,此时所需的偏磁电流大小为8 A。     

聚乙二醇对溶胶-凝胶SiO2增透膜激光损伤行为的影响

 采用溶胶-凝胶工艺制备了聚乙二醇（PEG）改性SiO₂单层增透膜,用输出波长1.06 μm,脉宽3 ns的调Q激光系统产生的强激光进行辐照实验。观察了添加PEG前后的膜层的微结构、表面形貌以及激光损伤行为的变化,讨论了PEG对薄膜激光损伤行为产生影响的机制。结果表明：添加的PEG可以修饰、导向溶胶簇团的生长和交联,并使之有序,由此制备的薄膜结构规整,微缺陷减少,这就提高了膜层的激光损伤阈值;在激光辐照过程中,膜料吸收激光能量,膜层温度升高,膜层的PEG分子受热逐步分解挥发,膜层产生损伤。     

基于荧光透射谱和高光谱图像纹理的茶叶病害预测研究

为了实现对茶叶病害的准确预测,避免病害特征提取过程中对茶叶的二次破坏,利用荧光透射技术对茶叶赤叶病叶片的荧光透射光谱特性展开研究。实验采集了健康茶叶叶片样本45个、赤叶病初期叶片样本60个及赤叶病中期叶片样本60个,并按照2∶1的比例划分成训练集和预测集样本数,通过荧光透射手段利用高光谱仪器采集这些叶片的原始荧光透射光谱。通过对这3组叶片样本平均光谱强度曲线的分析,证实了利用荧光透射光谱信息对这3种病害类型叶片进行分类的可行性。然后使用多项式平滑（savitzky-golay, S-G）方法对原始光谱进行平滑和降噪处理。最后采用竞争性自适应重加权抽样法（competitive adaptive reweighted sampling, CARS）对预处理后的光谱数据进行特征波长的选取。经过50次加权采样后,最终选取出4个特征波长,分别为：463,512,586和613 nm。为了最大化提取样本的病害特征信息,强化分类器输入病害特征值的典型性,使用高光谱反射技术,采集4个特征波长下的高光谱图像,分别使用2种不同的纹理提取算法提取病害叶片图像的纹理信息进行对比分析。首先利用灰度共生矩阵（GLCM）提取4幅图像的纹理信息,分别计算4个方向的灰度共生矩阵(0°,45°,90°及135°),然后计算5个共生矩阵的均值和方差。为了提高鲁棒性,取4幅图像纹理信息的平均值作为该叶片的纹理特征值,最终得到10个特征值。利用LBP（local binary patterns）算法获取特征波长下高光谱图像的纹理信息,并使用Uniform模式对LBP模型进行降维,最终每幅图像得到944个维度的LBP特征值,同样取4幅图像的平均值作为该叶片的LBP纹理特征值。最后通过极限学习机（ELM）分别建立特征光谱联合灰度共生矩阵纹理信息及LBP算子纹理信息的预测模型,由于模型的输入特征值不在一个量纲,首先对输入特征值进行归一化处理,然后再定义模型的输出标签,即健康叶片的预测模型输出为1,赤叶病早期为2,中期为3。实验测得基于CARS-GLCM-ELM模型的预测准确率为81.82%,基于CARS-LBP-ELM模型的预测准确率为85.45%,说明利用荧光透射光谱联合LBP算子纹理信息预测效果更好。由于没有达到预期效果,利用Softplus函数对ELM的隐含层激活函数进行了优化,替换掉原来的Sigmod函数,优化后的模型预测分类正确率达到92.73%,基本达到了预期效果。该研究将病害叶片的荧光光谱信息和对应特征波长下高光谱图像的纹理信息进行了融合,研究结果可为茶叶病害的快速、准确预测提供一定的参考价值。     

非制冷铁电混合式焦平面探测器新研究

本文报道一种128×128元铁电非制冷混合式焦平面探测器，涉及该器件的混合式结构.分析了影响器件性能的关键因素，给出器件所采用的铁电材料的基本物理和电学特性参数，器件的热隔离技术和相应参数，读出电路的基本结构和性能.对实验数据所涉及的原理进行了讨论，最后给出了利用该器件得到的清晰红外热像.     

2024铝合金激光多次冲击诱导残余应力状态分布规律

采用高功率激光器多次冲击2024铝合金,用X射线衍射技术分析了冲击区域的残余应力,研究了冲击残余应力状态分布规律,并用其评价激光冲击强化效果。研究表明,随着冲击次数增加,塑变量及塑性应变梯度逐渐减小,测点是双向压应力状态,而4次冲击时,塑性应变梯度增大,光斑中心是单向压应力状态,其他点是双向压应力状态。当激光功率密度为2.8 GW/cm2时,3次冲击强化效果最佳,材料是二向压应力状态,残余最大主应力及应力强度的均值最大,方差最小,分布基本均匀,塑性应变梯度较小。     

不同类型土壤的FTIR和ICP-MS分析

利用傅里叶变换红外光谱(FTIR)和电感耦合等离子体质谱(ICP-MS)法对不同地区六种类型的农田土壤进行了研究,FTIR结果显示,其红外光谱主要是由黏土矿物、有机质及碳酸盐、磷酸盐、锰酸盐等无机盐类的振动吸收带组成,六种土样的红外光谱均属于蒙脱石型图谱。ICP-MS测试结果表明不同类型、不同颜色土样的速效元素含量不同,各地区土样中速效钙的含量均处于极缺状况,仅葫芦岛市土样中速效镁的含量处于中等水平,其他地方土样均处于缺乏状况,六地区土样中仅白银土样中速效锰、速效锌的含量处于缺乏状况,仅呈贡县土样中速效铁的含量处于缺乏状况,各地区土样中速效铜的含量均比较丰富,济宁市农田土样中速效磷的含量丰富,洛阳市、葫芦岛市农田土样中速效磷的含量处于中等水平,呈贡县、白银市及陆良县农田土样中速效磷的含量处于缺乏状况。洛阳市、呈贡县、济宁市农田土样中速效钾的含量均比较丰富,陆良县土样中速效钾的含量处于中等水平,葫芦岛市、白银市农田土样中速效钾的含量处于缺乏状况,可以看出,速效微量元素镁、铜、铁、锰和锌的含量基本上随土样颜色的加深而增加。根据全国土壤普查土壤养分含量分级标准,分析了各地区土壤速效元素含量的丰缺状况,并对各地区土样速效元素的缺乏制定了相应的补救措施。     

The experimental studies of thermoacoustic cooler

The experimental studies of thermoacoustic cooler consisting of acoustic loop-tube were carried out. The loop-tube was filled with the mixture of air and helium gas or air at atmospheric pressure. The dimensions of the loop-tube were 3.3 m of length, 44 mm of inner diameter and 4 mm of thickness. A pair of stacks (stack 1 and stack 2) which were sandwiched between two heat exchangers was placed symmetrically in the loop-tube. Stack 1 was employed as a prime mover and stack 2 as a heat pump. The self-sustained sound generated by the thermoacoustic effect and the cooling phenomena at the stack 2 were observed. The distribution of the sound pressures and the waveforms in the loop-tube were measured, and the frequency component of the self-sustained sound was investigated at the starting phase. The fundamental frequency component was confirmed and it was developing as the sound pressure increasing. The higher harmonics frequency components were generated and they were also developing.     

The Study of Radiation Damage Mechanism on Ultra-Structures of Leukocytes and Platelets in Rat Cells

The principal objective of this study was to assess the mechanisms relevant to radiation-induced damage to multicore leukocytes and platelets, using a Transmission Electron Microscope (TEM). In this study, in the group subjected to 5 Gy irradiation, platelet size was reduced by 25%, and the cell membranes were thick and not clearly visible. On the 20-day and 30-day observations, passed leukocytes and mitochondrial damage were shown to be increased. The mass of glycogen granules was also reduced. In the 7 Gy irradiation group, platelet size was even more profoundly reduced. In the erythrocytes, most echinocytes, which generally exhibit burrs, were irregularly shaped, and sickle cells were observed. In the observation of leukocytes, no evidence of radiation damage was detected in the primary or secondary granules. Damage to the nuclear membrane and cell membrane was increased. The outline of the centrosome was somewhat dim. In the 7 Gy irradiation group, no damage was detected in specific granules of the basophil. Phagocytosis of amoebal movement was observed. In some parts of the lymphocyte, nuclei were divided or formed a space between the nucleus and cytoplasm and were sensitive to radiation.     

Segregation of concurrent sounds. I: Effects of frequency modulation coherence

Frequency modulation coherence was investigated as a possible cue for the perceptual segregation of concurrent sound sources. Synthesized chords of 2-s duration and comprising six permutations of three sung vowels (/a/, /i/, /o/) at three fundamental frequencies (130.8, 174.6, and 233.1 Hz) were constructed. In one condition, no vowels were modulated, and, in a second, all three were modulated coherently such that the ratio relations among all frequency components were maintained. In a third group of conditions, one vowel was modulated, while the other two remained steady. In a fourth group, one vowel was modulated independently of the two other vowels, which were modulated coherently with one another. Subjects were asked to judge the perceived prominence of each of the three vowels in each chord. Judged prominence increased significantly when the target vowel was modulated compared to when it was not, with the greatest increase being found for higher fundamental frequencies. The increase in prominence with modulation was unaffected by whether the target was modulated coherently or not with nontarget vowels. The modulation and pitch position of nontarget vowels had no effect on target vowel prominence. These results are discussed in terms of possible concurrent auditory grouping principles.     

基于可见-近红外光谱的可乐品牌鉴别方法研究

提出了一种采用可见-近红外光谱分析技术快速鉴别可乐品牌的新方法。采用美国ASD公司的便携式光谱仪对三种不同品牌的可乐进行光谱分析,各获取55个样本数据。将样本随机分成150个建模样本和15个预测样本,采用平均平滑法和标准归一化方法对样本数据进行预处理,再用主成分分析法对光谱数据进行聚类分析并获得各主成分数据。将建模样本的主成分数据作为BP网络的输入变量,可乐品牌作为输出变量,建立三层人工神经网络鉴别模型,并用模型对15个预测样本进行预测。结果表明,预测准确率为100%,实现了可乐品牌快速、准确的鉴别。     

带触发网络的多重火花间隙触发器的研制

提出了一种基于Tesla变压器且带触发网络的多重火花间隙触发器设计方案。阐述了多重火花间隙在直流和脉冲信号下电压分布特性,并给出了其在脉冲电压作用下电压分布的主要影响因素。仿真分析了触发频率、分压电容和均压电阻对多重火花间隙电压分布的影响,确定了触发网络的最佳参数配置。以10级火花间隙为例,从触发器设计三要素,即脉冲陡度、输出幅值、带载能力出发,确定了Tesla型脉冲触发器的关键设计参数,当脉冲变压器的耦合系数为0.7,初级电感为2500 nH,次级电感为400 mH,初级电容为60F,初级电容充电电压为2.0 kV时,次级直接输出的触发高压可实现10级火花间隙的触发导通。结合多重火花间隙导通实验,对作用于多重火花间隙的触发器的工作过程进行实验验证。     

乙酸对DNA空间结构微观损伤的Raman光谱特征

利用Raman光谱技术从分子水平研究了乙酸对鲱鱼精DNA空间结构微观损伤的特征。实验结果表明,鲱鱼精DNA被乙酸浸润处理后,Raman特征频率与强度均发生了不同程度的变化。证明了乙酸对DNA的损伤是整个分子,包括骨架磷酸基团、脱氧核糖及碱基。不仅是DNA的构象,而且其构型也发生了变化：氢键断裂,B型构象被修改,DNA单、双链断裂,碱基也受到了严重损伤。其碱基损伤严重程度依次为胞嘧啶、胸腺嘧啶、鸟嘌呤和腺膘呤。     

中药白芍的HPLC含量测定及指纹图谱研究

建立白芍商品药材指纹图谱,并测定芍药苷含量评价药材质量。采用高效液相色谱分析,HypersilODS C18柱(4.6mm×250mm,5μm),乙腈-0.08%磷酸溶液梯度洗脱,柱温30℃。测定了市售17批白芍药材的HPLC指纹图谱,建立了白芍药材的总共有模式,计算得到各批药材的相似度,其中8批药材的相似度介于0.902—0.985。以相似度0.90为界,大于0.90认定为合格药材,小于0.90为不合格药材。本评价方法的结果与根据药典标准的划分结果一致,但更直观,可操作性更强,尤其对白芍药材中硫化物进行有效监控,还可对熏硫药材的质量控制起到示范作用。     

A study of the fluorescent properties of spin-coated sodium salicylate thin films

Thin films of sodium salicylate were deposited by spin coating from a solution prepared by dissolving sodium salicylate in methanol. The films were characterized by X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy, X-ray diffraction, scanning electron microscopy, UV-visible spectroscopy and spectrofluorometry. The films were crystalline with a strong blue fluorescence peak at an emission wavelength of 419.3 nm. The influence of solution concentration, spin speed and annealing temperature on the fluorescence intensity was studied. Optimum results were obtained with a solution whose concentration was 2.5 M. It was found that lower spin speed resulted in higher fluorescence intensity. Moreover, the fluorescence intensity decreased as the annealing temperature was increased. The durability of the films over a period of 30 days was also investigated, and films annealed at higher temperatures were found to be less degraded with time.     

L-半胱氨酸-金属离子配合物的表面增强拉曼光谱研究

利用拉曼光谱仪测定L-半胱氨酸(L-Cys)的常规拉曼光谱(NRS)和表面增强拉曼光谱(SERS),发现L-Cys在纳米银棒上有明显的拉曼增强效应,对分子特征峰进行了归属,研究L-Cys在银纳米棒基底表面吸附机理,在固体NRS中在2 576 cm-1出处有明显的S-H伸缩振动峰,而SERS中没有出现,实验表明纳米银棒与L-Cys巯基上的S原子形成了Ag-S键,C-O和C-N伸缩振动有明显的增强。在不同pH值条件下,分析了L-Cys的拉曼光谱差异,探讨吸附行为的变化。在pH值为6时,S-H的伸缩振动峰基本消失,形成了稳定的S-Ag键;随着pH值增加趋于碱性时,羧基易失去H原子形成-COO-易与银发生吸附作用且振动峰增强。在pH值为7时,S原子与Ag形成稳定的S-Ag键,C-O和C-N的振动峰也最稳定。选择在pH值为7的条件下,在L-Cys溶液中加入Na+,Mg2+和Cu2+ 等10种金属盐,发现Al3+,Cu2+,Zn2+,Cd2+和Hg2+ 使L-Cys分子的结构发生了改变,金属离子与L-Cys另一端羧基发生作用,其中Cu2+,Zn2+,Cd2+和Hg2+随半径增大与S原子的孤电子发生作用越大。探讨了在不同pH值、不同比例和不同浓度下,金属离子与L-Cys作用SERS的变化,随着pH值、比例和浓度的增大,峰的强度有减小趋势。Cu2+与L-Cys作用的SERS信号很弱,Hg2+与L-Cys作用只出现了一个C-O的振动峰,说明Hg2+完全破坏了L-Cys的空间构型。该研究对蛋白质变性等的研究提供了重要参考信息。     

Time Evolution of Vibration-Induced Excited State Decay

A simple model consisting of two electronic levels and one vibrational mode (phonon) was theoretically studied. The electronic-vibrational interaction was linear in the vibrational displacement. The vibrational mode was taken in the harmonic approximation and was attached to the thermal bath formed by the ambient environment. The kinetic constants of the vibrational dissipation were of the second order in the vibrational-bath coupling and were taken in the Markovian limit. Although, depending on the parameters of the model, different curves of the non-radiative vibration-induced excited state decay were obtained, in general, three time intervals, corresponding to different physical behaviour, were found. In the short-time interval, small oscillations superimposed on the excited state decay were observed. They were determined by the vibrational frequency and influenced by electronic-vibrational coupling. In the middle-time interval, almost quasi-exponential decay was detected; its rate constant increased with stronger electronic-vibrational interaction and speed of vibrational relaxation. In the long-time interval, the decay was very slow and, under special conditions, even an asymptotic non-zero excited state population was observed. Its value increased with the strength of the off-diagonal electron-vibrational coupling. Links of the parameters of the model with quantum chemical terms were estimated.     

带触发网络的多重火花间隙触发器的研制

提出了一种基于Tesla变压器且带触发网络的多重火花间隙触发器设计方案。阐述了多重火花间隙在直流和脉冲信号下电压分布特性,并给出了其在脉冲电压作用下电压分布的主要影响因素。仿真分析了触发频率、分压电容和均压电阻对多重火花间隙电压分布的影响,确定了触发网络的最佳参数配置。以10级火花间隙为例,从触发器设计三要素,即脉冲陡度、输出幅值、带载能力出发,确定了Tesla型脉冲触发器的关键设计参数,当脉冲变压器的耦合系数为0.7,初级电感为2500 nH,次级电感为400 mH,初级电容为60F,初级电容充电电压为2.0 kV时,次级直接输出的触发高压可实现10级火花间隙的触发导通。结合多重火花间隙导通实验,对作用于多重火花间隙的触发器的工作过程进行实验验证。