A solid-state frequency source for radio astronomy in the 100 to 1000 GHz range

A compact Gunn oscillator-multiplier combination can provide the for SIS receivers necessary LO power up to 1000 GHz. Frequency multiplication factors of 2 to 8 are accomplished in a single step using a Schottky mixer diode in the varistor mode.     

Mapping quantum many-body system to decoupled harmonic oscillators: General discussions and examples

We present a class of quantum systems that can be mapped to decoupled harmonic oscillators through appropriate similarity transformations. We will take advantage of these similarity transformations to discover hidden ladder operators, such that the eigenstates of the system can be constructed like those of harmonic oscillator. We also provide five systems belonging to this family as examples.     

Generation of Submillimeter-Wave Radiation with GaAs Tunnett Diodes and InP Gunn Devices in a Second or Higher Harmonic Mode

Efficient second-harmonic power extraction was demonstrated recently with GaAs tunnel injection transit-time (TUNNETT) diodes up to 235 GHz and with InP Gunn devices up to 325 GHz. This paper discusses the latest theoretical and experimental results from second-harmonic power extraction at submillimeter-wave frequencies and explores the potential of using power extraction at higher harmonic frequencies to generate continuous-wave radiation with significant power levels at frequencies above 325 GHz. Initial experimental results include output power levels of more than 50 W at 356 GHz from a GaAs TUNNETT diode in a third-harmonic mode and at least 0.2–5 W in the frequency range 400–560 GHz from InP Gunn devices in a third or higher harmonic mode. The spectral output of these submillimeter-wave sources was analyzed with a simple Fourier-transform terahertz spectrometer and, up to 426 GHz, with a spectrum analyzer and appropriate harmonic mixers. Initial experimental results from a GaAs/AlAs superlattice electronic device at D-band (110–170 GHz) and J-band (170–325 GHz) frequencies are also included.     

不同质量和频率的耦合谐振子体系哈密顿量的对角化

讨论了耦合项为λ１Ｘ１Ｘ２和λ２ｐ１ｐ２的两个不同质量和频率的耦合谐振子哈密顿量的对角化。     

Investigation of chlorine-based etchants in wet and dry etching technology for an InP planar Gunn diode

Mesa etching technology is considerably important in the Gunn diode fabrication process. In this paper we fabricate InP Gunn diodes with two different kinds of chlorine-based etchants for the mesa etching for comparative study. We use two chlorine-based etchants, one is HCl-based solution (HCl/H 3 PO 4 ), and the other is Cl 2 -based gas mixture by utilizing inductively coupled plasma system (ICP). The results show that the wet etching (HCl-based) offers low cost and approximately vertical sidewall, whilst ICP system (Cl 2 -based) offers an excellent and uniform vertical sidewall, and the over-etching is tiny on the top and the bottom of mesa. And the fabricated mesas of Gunn diodes have average etching rates of ～ 0.6 μm/min and ～ 1.2 μm/min, respectively. The measured data show that the current of Gunn diode by wet etching is lower than that by ICP, and the former has a higher threshold voltage. It provides a low-cost and reliable method which is potentially applied to the fabrication of chip terahertz sources.     

A new formula to calculate Franck-Condon factors for displaced and distorted harmonic oscillators

A new formula has been derived to calculate Franck-Condon factors for two harmonic oscillators with different equilibrium positions and different vibrational frequencies. The derivation is simple and straightforward, and a new expression for calculating the matrix element 〈v|xⁿ|v′〉 has also been derived.     

Emergence of a multidomain regime and spatiotemporal chaos in Gunn diodes under impact ionization conditions

Nonlinear spatiotemporal dynamics of carrier densities in Gunn diodes under impact ionization conditions is numerically investigated using a set of model partial differential equations. Numerical results show that a multidomain regime emerges as a result of the decrease in domain size caused by impact ionization, and that the spatiotemporal evolution of the domains becomes chaotic in the presence of strong impact ionization.     

Rain induced attenuation for 3mm wave band and its measurement system

In this paper, the effect of rain induced attenuation for millimeter wave is discussed. The theory of multiple scattering is used to obtain the solution for the plane wave propagation through a plane parallel medium of thickness L containing randomly distributed nonspherial particles. The coherent field and the total field are studied, respectively. The numerical results are good agreement with experimental data and the multiple scattering effects must be included. A 3mm wave propagation measurement system was made on a 0.8km terrestrial link.     

The interplay of synchronization and fluctuations reveals connectivity levels in networks of nonlinear oscillators

We study spatiotemporal patterns produced by small-world networks of biologically motivated nonlinear oscillators from a data-analysis perspective. It is shown that the connectivity levels of such systems can be reconstructed by analyzing heterogeneity and fluctuation content of the patterns. These properties are determined by applying spatiotemporal filters described in [Physica A 289 (2001) 498] to pairs of oscillators in a network. Possible applications of our method to biological data (e.g., time-resolved cDNA microarray data), in order to distinguish densely connected systems from sparsely connected systems, are commented on.     

Fluctuations and correlations in a diffusion-reaction system: Exact hydrodynamics

We present an exact closed formulation of the reversible diffusion-limited coagulation-growth reactions 2A A with irreversible input B A in one spatial dimension. The treatment here accommodates spatial as well as temporal variations in the particle density with a complete account of microscopic fluctuations and correlations. Moreover, spatial and/or temporal variations in the transport and reaction coefficients can be included in the model. A general solution to the reversible process is presented, and we explore the phenomenon of wavefront propagation.     

动力系统试验自动紧急关机系统设计与建立

根据某型号动力系统试验要求,为了保证试验产品和试验台的安全,选取代表发动机工作状态的典型参数作为自动紧急关机判断依据,通过合理设置紧急关机判别准则,基于现有Pacific 6000数据采集装置建立了改进型红线报警系统进行在线实时检测。通过对系统硬件和软件的剖析、测试,得出该系统时间响应综合滞后偏差为0～0.25s。利用信号发生器模拟发动机真实工作参数值对传感器异常检测、发动机关机故障判定、数据存贮和事后查询功能进行了综合验证,系统无漏关机和误关机现象发生,为产品及试验台的安全提供了保证。可为其它故障检测系统建立和响应时间分析提供参考。     

A kind of extended Korteweg——de Vries equation and solitary wave solutions for interfacial waves in a two-fluid system

This paper considers interfacial waves propagating along the interface between a two-dimensional two-fluid with a flat bottom and a rigid upper boundary. There is a light fluid layer overlying a heavier one in the system, and a small density difference exists between the two layers. It just focuses on the weakly non-linear small amplitude waves by introducing two small independent parameters: the nonlinearity ratio $\varepsilon $, represented by the ratio of amplitude to depth, and the dispersion ratio $\mu $, represented by the square of the ratio of depth to wave length, which quantify the relative importance of nonlinearity and dispersion. It derives an extended KdV equation of the interfacial waves using the method adopted by Dullin {\it et al} in the study of the surface waves when considering the order up to $O(\mu ^2)$. As expected, the equation derived from the present work includes, as special cases, those obtained by Dullin {\it et al} for surface waves when the surface tension is neglected. The equation derived using an alternative method here is the same as the equation presented by Choi and Camassa. Also it solves the equation by borrowing the method presented by Marchant used for surface waves, and obtains its asymptotic solitary wave solutions when the weakly nonlinear and weakly dispersive terms are balanced in the extended KdV equation.     

连续波腔衰荡光谱系统的电路设计与应用

为实现连续波腔衰荡光谱系统的工程化,设计了一套集信号调理、高速采样及数据处理为一体的高集成度数字信号处理(DSP)系统。该系统被用于取代常规连续波腔衰荡光谱系统中由高速数据采集卡及计算机组成的腔衰荡信号测试系统,完成对腔衰荡信号的获取与拟合。该系统最高能实现16 bits/80 MHz的信号采样,并能准确地由腔衰荡信号反演出腔衰荡时间。实验结果表明：结合现有的光反馈式连续波腔衰荡光谱系统,该系统能实现等噪声测量灵敏度为1.0×10-8 cm-1的吸收光谱测量,其重复测量精度可达3‰。     

连续波腔衰荡光谱系统的电路设计与应用

 为实现连续波腔衰荡光谱系统的工程化,设计了一套集信号调理、高速采样及数据处理为一体的高集成度数字信号处理(DSP)系统。该系统被用于取代常规连续波腔衰荡光谱系统中由高速数据采集卡及计算机组成的腔衰荡信号测试系统,完成对腔衰荡信号的获取与拟合。该系统最高能实现16 bits/80 MHz的信号采样,并能准确地由腔衰荡信号反演出腔衰荡时间。实验结果表明：结合现有的光反馈式连续波腔衰荡光谱系统,该系统能实现等噪声测量灵敏度为1.0×10^-8 cm^-1的吸收光谱测量,其重复测量精度可达3‰。     

用于光纤熔接系统的纤芯检测镜头设计

光纤已广泛应用于当今社会的信息传输领域。为了满足长距离光纤传输中高质量光纤熔接的需要,介绍了一个应用于光纤熔接系统的透射光纤纤芯检测系统。该系统中的核心器件是一组能对光纤纤芯成像的特殊镜头。借助于ZEMAX软件,设计了这组检测镜头。该镜头具有8倍放大倍率、长工作距离、短结构、高精度等特点。论述了镜头的设计方案和设计过程,并给出了满足要求的设计结果。通过在LightTools软件中对整个系统检测结果的模拟,证明了该设计的可行性。     

Signal processing system in cavity enhanced spectroscopy

The paper presents a signal processing system used for nitrogen dioxide detection employing cavity enhanced absorption spectroscopy. In this system, the absorbing gas concentration is determined by the measurement of a decay time of a light pulse trapped in a cavity. The setup includes a resonance optical cavity, which was equipped with spherical and high reflectance mirrors, the pulsed diode laser (414 nm) and electronic signal processing system. In order to ensure registration of low-level signals and accurate decay time measurements, special preamplifier and digital signal processing circuit were developed. Theoretical analyses of main parameters of optical cavity and signal processing system were presented and especially signal-to-noise ratio was taken into consideration. Furthermore, investigation of S/N signal processing system and influence of preamplifier feedback resistance on the useful signal distortion were described. The aim of the experiment was to study potential application of cavity enhanced absorption spectroscopy for construction of fully optoelectronic NO₂ sensor which could replace, e.g., commonly used chemical detectors. Thanks to the developed signal processing system, detection limit of NO₂ sensor reaches the value of 0.2 ppb (absorption coefficient equivalent = 2.8 × 10⁻⁹ cm⁻¹).     

天然冷源用于超市陈列柜系统的实现与评价

在先前研究的基础上,提出了在寒冷季节可利用室外冷空气实现冷藏的冷风柜系统。试验研究了引入室外冷空气的陈列柜系统与传统制冷陈列柜系统的性能对比,并研究了结合引入室外冷空气和运行制冷系统两种工作模式的冷风柜系统的全年运行电能消耗情况。实验结果表明了在引入室外冷空气运行模式下冷风柜具有较好的内风幕速度分布;其柜内的温度分布均匀,并且温度波动较小,完全满足超市制冷陈列柜的性能要求;冷风柜系统结合引入室外冷空气和运行制冷系统两种工作模式,在全年运行中的总电能消耗比传统陈列柜少12%(2030kW h),较大程度地节约了系统的能耗。     

Laser induced breakdown spectroscopy for multielement analysis of powdered materials used in additive technologies

Additive manufacturing technologies utilizing metal parts production with layer by layer printing are of high demand for different fields of science and technology. Analytical chemistry is challenged to provide multielemental quantitative analysis of any metal powders within a few minutes and onsite to fulfil the requirements for high quality metal parts production. Powder materials utilized in additive technologies were quantitatively analyzed by laser induced breakdown spectroscopy for the first time. Laser induced breakdown spectroscopy mapping of loose metal powder attached to the double-sided adhesive tape provided high reproducibility of measurements even for powder mixtures with large difference of particles densities (tungsten carbide particles in nickel alloy powder). Laser induced breakdown spectroscopy analytical capabilities were estimated for tungsten and carbon analysis by calibration curve construction and accuracy estimation by leave-one-out cross-validation procedure. Laser induced breakdown spectroscopy and X-ray fluorescence spectroscopy techniques comparison revealed better results for laser induced breakdown spectroscopy analysis. Improved accuracy of analysis and capability to quantify light elements (carbon, etc.) demonstrated the potential of laser induced breakdown spectroscopy as a promising technique for express onsite multielement analysis of powder materials utilized in additive technologies.     

套管井超声导波成像系统开发与工程应用研究

针对现有套管井检测与评价技术存在的缺陷,开展了进一步的导波成像方法与技术开发研究。对套管壁A0导波模式频散与泄漏衰减特性,以及泄漏衰减特性与管外粘结材料特性阻抗的关系进行了分析。在此基础上进行了不同粘结载荷钢板模型A0模泄漏衰减等特性以及脉冲回波厚度共振波特性的实验测试。结果显示,结合A0模式的衰减与管外粘结材料特性阻抗的测试结果,可有效定征管外粘结材料特性,进一步确定和成像管外环形空间水力联通特性。以此为基础,开发了耐温和耐压宽带超声换能器,以及检测与成像系统。通过模型井和实际井的测试,获得良好效果。     

A system for the remote spectroscopy in the visible and infrared regions

Results of the design and development of a system for remote sensing of the state and evaluation of the parameters of the natural environment and objects are presented. The devices developed are based on a generalized structural model of measuring system for acquisition of data on spectral, energy, polarization, angular, and spatial characteristics of the optical radiation field of the object under investigation. A. N. Sevchenko Scientific Research Institute for Applied Physical Problems at the Belarusian State University, 7, Kurchatov St., Minsk, 220064, Belarus. Translated from Zhurnal Prikladnoi Spektroskopii, Vol. 64, No. 6, pp. 827–833, November–December, 1997.