离子色谱-在线柱后电化学衍生-荧光法测定酪氨酸

采用自制电解池作为电化学衍生装置,建立了离子色谱一电化学衍生一荧光法测定饮料中的酪氨酸。在碱性淋洗液作用下,酪氨酸在阴离子交换柱上被分离,到达自制电解池的阳极室,在阳极上被氧化,氧化后的产物因具有较强的荧光而被荧光检测器检测。离子化试剂既可以做色谱分离所需的淋洗液,又可以作为电化学反应优良的支持电解液,因此,离子色谱和电化学衍生具有较好的兼容性。最佳的实验条件为：淋洗液NaOH（10mmol／L）＋乙腈（ACN,1＋9）,流动相流速1．0mL／min,电解池电压1．0V,激发／发射波长320／420NM。在优化的实验条件下,酪氨酸的线性范围为0．01～10mg／L,检出限为1．2μg／L（信噪比S／N=3）。50μg／L的酪氨酸标准溶液进样7次,得到的色谱峰面积相对标准偏差为2．5％。方法具有快速,灵敏和选择性好的特点,并成功用于饮料中酪氨酸的测定。     

流动注射化学发光法测定己烯雌酚

基于己烯雌酚对鲁米诺与高碘酸钾在碱性介质中反应产生的化学发光信号有较强的增敏作用,建立了测定己烯雌酚的流动注射化学发光分析法。己烯雌酚质量浓度在13．4—1340μg／L范围内与化学发光强度呈良好的线性关系,检出限（3d）为4μg／L;对26．8μg／L己烯雌酚进行11次平行测定,相对标准偏差（RSD）为1．4％。该法已用于药物制剂中己烯雌酚的测定。     

流动注射在线富集分离-火焰原子吸收光谱法测定水体中的铬(Ⅲ)和铬(Ⅵ)

内装活性氧化铝（碱式）和阴离子交换树脂的微型柱流动注射在线富集分离水体中的铬（Ⅲ）和铬（Ⅵ），火焰原子吸收法直接检测。微型住可同时富集两种价态的离子，分别用1mol／L的NH4NO3和HNO3洗脱Cr（Ⅵ）和Cr（Ⅲ）于喷雾器中。进样时间25s，铬（Ⅵ）和铬（Ⅲ）的富集倍数分别为11倍和20倍，实际水样的加标回收率在90％～106％之间；分析速率为50个样／h；铬（Ⅵ）、铬（Ⅲ）的检出限（3δ）分别为1．5μg／L和0．7μg／L；相对标准偏差（50μg／L）分别为1．9％和2．6％。     

固相微萃取-气相色谱联用技术测定水相中的邻苯二甲酸二(2-乙基)己酯

利用顶空固相微萃取与气相色谱联用技术（HS－SPME－GC）以富勒烯聚二甲基硅氧烷（PSO－C60）固定相处制萃取头分析了塑料浸取液中的邻苯二甲酸二（2－乙基）己酯（DEHP），并对萃取温度、离子强度、吸附时间和热解析时间进行了研究。结果显示，该方法的线性范围在5μg/L－500μg/L，检测出了为2．8μg/L，相对标准偏差为4．8％（n=6).     

痕量铁的过氧化氢氧化孔雀绿催化光度法测定

基于铁（Ⅲ）对过氧化氢氧化孔雀绿反应的催化作用,提出一种高灵敏地测定痕量铁（Ⅲ）的新方法。该法线性范围为0－48μg/L,检出限为0．61μg/L。测定出水反应表观活化能Ea=37.94kJ/mol。该法用于河水、自来水样品中铁的测定,获得满意结果。     

山楂果和桑枝提取物中总黄酮含量的Fe（phen）3^2＋探针共振瑞利散射法测定

在pH值约为8.0的BR缓冲介质中,桑色素、槲皮素和芦丁等黄酮类物质能与Fe（phen）32＋反应形成离子缔合物,此时将引起共振瑞利散射（RRS）显著增强,最大RRS波长均位于310 nm。在一定范围内散射强度（ΔI）与黄酮类物质的浓度成正比,据此可以建立用Fe（phen）3^2＋测定某些黄酮类物质的新RRS法。对桑色素、槲皮素和芦丁的检出限（3σ/K）分别为1.25×10^-7mol/L（37.74μg/L）,1.80×10^-7mol/L（54.42μg/L）,2.72×10^-7mol/L（167.30μg/L）。研究了反应的适宜条件和影响因素,考察了共存物质的影响。结果表明,方法有较好的选择性。分别以芦丁和桑色素为对照品测定了中药材山楂果和桑枝中的总黄酮含量,对反应机理进行了初步探讨。     

离子排斥色谱-脉冲安培法测定电镀液中的游离CN-

建立了离子排斥色谱-脉冲安培法测定游离CN-的检测方法。方法使用IonPac ICE-AS1离子排斥柱为分析柱,以120 mmol/L HClO4为淋洗液,安培法检测（工作电极为Pt电极）。CN-的检出限为0.42μg/L（50μL进样,三倍基线噪音）;在1-1000μg/L范围内具有良好的线性（r=0.9996）。0.01 mg/L和0.1mg/LCN-分别连续进样9次,峰面积相对标准偏差（RSD）分别为4.0%和3.0%。用该方法检出了电镀液样品中大量的游离CN^-。对实际样品进行加标,其回收率在83%-117%之间。     

高效液相色谱法测定人尿中神经鞘氨醇和二氢神经鞘氨醇

建立了一种检测人尿中神经鞘氨醇（So）和二氢神经鞘氨醇（Sa）的高效液相色谱方法（HPLC）。离心分离尿样中的片状剥落细胞,裂解后用乙酸乙酯萃取、邻苯二甲醛衍生,在HPLC系统中通过梯度洗脱用Nova-PakC18－RP色谱柱（15cm×3．9mm,4μm）分离、荧光检测器检测。So和Sa的检出限均为0．05ng（女性尿样0,075μg/L、男性尿样0．005μg/L）。分析从我国一个村在采集的40份尿样,女性尿样中So、Sa和Sa／So比值分别为1．29－13．58μg/L、0．25－3．13μg/L和0．15－0．25,男性尿样中分别为0．075~3．07μg/L、0.019－0．50μg/L和0．028～0．26。     

在线还原富集-导数火焰原子吸收光谱法测定环境水样中铬(Ⅲ)和铬(Ⅵ)的形态

采用单阀双阳离子交换树脂微柱并联，设计了双路采样逆向洗脱在线分离富集系统，该系统与原子吸收导数测量技术相结合，实现了在线分离富集．导数火焰原子吸收光谱法同时测定水中Cr（Ⅲ）和Cr(Ⅵ），导数仪用2mV／min档位，富集lmin时，分析速度为60样/h，测定Cr（Ⅲ）和Cr(Ⅵ）的特征浓度分别为0．448μg/L和0．793μg/L(相当于1％导数吸收度)，线性范围分别为0-90和0-180μg/L；对浓度分别为10、20μg/LCr（Ⅲ）和Cr(Ⅵ）测定的相对标准偏差分别为2．85％和2．85％；检出限分别为0．855和1．7lμg/L．该法对实际水样加标回收率在94．7％．104％之间。     

二溴羧基偶氮胂催化动力学光度法测定痕量锡

基于稀H2SO4介质中,痕量锡（Ⅳ）催化KBrO3氧化二溴羧基偶氮胂（DBCAA）的褪色反应,建立了测定痕量锡（Ⅳ）的催化动力学光度法。方法检出限为0．23μg／L,线性范围为0．0～8．0μg／L。结合巯基葡聚糖凝胶（SDG）分离富集,可用于测定环境水样、人发及岩石样品中的痕量锡（Ⅳ）。     

二氧化碳和丙烯直接合成甲基丙烯酸的NiPMo/TiO2催化剂的研究

用溶胶-凝胶法以磷钼酸(MPA)的镍盐溶液水解钛酸四丁酯制备了NiPMo/TiO2催化剂.使用ICP、 XRD、 TG-DTA、 IR、 TPD-MS和微反应技术研究了催化剂的化学组成、热稳定性、化学吸附性质和催化反应性能.杂多钼酸盐与TiO2通过O2-在TiO2表面发生了键合.在623 K下,杂多阴离子仍保持原有的Keggin结构.CO2在Lewis酸位Ni(Ⅱ)和Lewis碱位Ni-O-Mo的桥氧协同作用下生成CO2卧式吸附态Ni(Ⅱ)←O-(CO)←(O--Ni).丙烯有多种吸附态在催化剂上吸附.在563 K、 1 MPa和空速1500 h-1的反应条件下,丙烯的摩尔转化率为3.2%,产物MAA选择性为95%.     

Synthesis of 1-benzyloxypyrazin-2(1H)-one derivatives

Different approaches for the synthesis of 1-benzyloxypyrazin-2(1H)-one derivatives from simple amino acids have been investigated. A library of 33 precursors for the preparation of N-hydroxy pyrazinones was obtained in moderate to good yields.     

Toward new camptothecins. Part 6: Synthesis of crucial ketones and their use in Friedländer reaction

In the context of the preparation of camptothecin and luotonin A analogs, the synthesis of some key keto-precursors and their use in Friedländer condensation are described. This paper also focuses on the stability of these keto intermediates and emphasizes the major differences between indolizinones and pyrroloquinazolinones series. Noteworthy is also the report of some original structures isolated as by-products of some experiments.     

CoFe2O4自形成磁性液体场致结构化对磁化的影响

The Langevin paramagnetic theory can’t describe the relation between magnetization of ferrofluids and applied magnetic field. The structuralization of ferrofluids, which is considered the main influence factor of the magnetization, is regarded. The part of magnetization works is deposited when the structure is forming. This action influences the magnetization of ferrofluids directly or indirectly. On the base of the “compressing” model, the Langevin function that usually describes the magnetization of ferrofluid is modified, and a well-fitted curve is obtained. An equation of the relation between the equivalent volume fraction after being “compressed” and the intensity of magnetic field is discovered, which approximately describes the process of magnetization. The relation between the approximate initial susceptibility and the volume fraction can be obtained from modified formula.     

Highly regioselective Buchwald–Hartwig amination at C-2 of 2,4-dichloropyridine enabling a novel approach to 2,4-bisanilinopyridine (BAPyd) libraries

The highly regioselective Buchwald–Hartwig amination at C-2 of the cheap and readily accessible reagent, 2,4-dichloropyridine with a range of anilines and heterocyclic amines is described. This new methodology is robust and provides a facile access to 4-chloro-N-phenylpyridin-2-amines on 0.25 mol scale. These intermediates undergo a further Buchwald–Hartwig amination at higher temperature to enable rapid exploration of the chemical space at C-4 and to provide a library of 2,4-bisaminopyridines.     

KMnO4-mediated oxidative CN bond cleavage of tertiary amines: Synthesis of amides and sulfonamides

KMnO₄-mediated oxidative CN bond cleavage of tertiary amines producing secondary amine was introduced, which was trapped by electrophiles (acyl chloride and sulfonyl chloride) to form amides and sulfonamides. The reaction could take place at mild condition, tolerating a wide range of function groups and affording products in moderate to excellent yields.     

Chemistry of heterocyclic compounds at the A. E. Favorsky Irkutsk Institute of Chemistry, Siberian Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences, over 50 years (Review)

The review contains a concise historical account and information on the most significant researches undertaken by the staff at the A. E. Favorsky Irkutsk Institute of Chemistry, Siberian Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences on the Chemistry of Heterocyclic Compounds. Dedicated to Academician of the Russian Academy of Sciences B. A. Trofimov on his 70th jubilee. Translated from Khimiya Geterotsiklicheskikh Soedinenii, No. 10, pp. 1443–1502, October, 2008.     

Sulfur-directed metal-free and regiospecific methyl C(sp3)–H imidation of thioanisoles

Regiospecific and direct imidation of the methyl C(sp³)–H bond of thioanisoles is realized under mild and metal-free conditions with N-fluorobis(benzenesulfonyl)imide as an oxidant and nitrogen source. Proposed mechanism suggests that thionium ion intermediates and a Pummerer-type reaction are involved. The imidation has advantages such as high step-economy, excellent functionality tolerance, and regiospecificity, giving structurally diverse imidation products.     

A general and convenient synthesis of 4-(tosylmethyl)semicarbazones and their use in amidoalkylation of hydrogen,heteroatom, and carbon nucleophiles

A general synthesis of previously unknown semicarbazone-based α-amidoalkylating reagents, 4-(tosylmethyl)semicarbazones, has been developed. The synthesis involved three-component condensation of semicarbazones of aliphatic or aromatic aldehydes with the same or other aldehydes and p-toluenesulfinic acid. The scope and limitations of this reaction were investigated. The compounds obtained were demonstrated to be an efficient α-(4-semicarbazono)alkylating agents. They were reacted with H- (sodium borohydride), O- (sodium methylate), S- (sodium phenylthiolate), N- (pyrrolidine, sodium succinimide), P- (trialkyl phosphites), and C-nucleophiles (sodium diethyl malonate) to give the corresponding products of the tosyl group substitution, 4-substituted semicarbazones, including analogues of nitrofurazone. Among the prepared compounds tested in vitro for antibacterial and antifungal activity, three nitrofuryl-containing semicarbazones exhibited high biological activities with minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) values of 8–32 μg/mL.     

Synthesis of novel chiral bidentate hydroxyalkyl-N-heterocyclic carbene ligands and their application in palladium-catalyzed Mizoroki–Heck couplings and asymmetric addition of diethylzinc to benzaldehyde

A small library of new chiral bidentate hydroxyalkyl-imidazolium salts 1 is conveniently synthesized on multi-gram scale from inexpensive and commercially available chiral pool amino acids. The corresponding carbenes, generated by deprotonation of imidazolium salts 1, in combination with palladium(II) chloride were tested in the Mizoroki–Heck coupling reaction. The most significant results in terms of yields and reactivities were achieved with low catalyst loading. The catalytic activities of these imidazolium salts were also investigated in the asymmetric addition of diethylzinc to benzaldehyde. The use of MgO nanoparticles as an additive in conjunction with these ligands played a crucial role in increasing the efficiency of these reactions.