矢量非傍轴离轴高斯光束的传输

基于矢量瑞利-索末菲衍射积分公式，得出了波动方程的一个解，它代表矢量非傍轴离轴高斯光束，其在自由空间的传输方程表示为解析的结果.矢量非傍轴离轴高斯光束的轴上和远场公式，矢量非傍轴高斯光束的传输方程，以及傍轴的结果都可作为一般表达式的特例而得出.研究表明，f参数对光束的非傍轴特性有重要影响，而离心参数也影响非傍轴行为.与共轴情况不同的是，对离轴情况，在y方向存在场的纵向分量. 关键词： 激光光学 矢量非傍轴离轴高斯光束 瑞利-索末菲衍射积分 f参数 离轴参数     

单周期以上超短脉冲光束在自由空间中的矢量非傍轴传输方法

在Lax等建立的微扰法的基础上，应用傅里叶变换的方法得到了一种用于自由空间中单周期以上（即脉冲长度在一个振荡周期以上）脉冲光束的矢量非傍轴修正方法.在频域，其横向分量的一阶修正等价于Fu等所得相应结果，而在时域内则比Fu等所得结果更有利于非傍轴解析解的得出.通过量级关系证明了矢量效应在对标量傍轴光束修正中的必要性.从例子中发现，由于时空耦合的存在，超短脉冲光束中的矢量非傍轴效应会被其时间分布所影响. 关键词： 矢量 非傍轴 超短脉冲光束     

Nonparaxial propagation of a super-Lorentz－Gauss SLG01 mode beam

Based on the vectorial Rayleigh--Sommerfeld integral formulae, this paper derives the analytical nonparaxial propagation equation of a super-Lorentz--Gauss (SLG) SLG₀₁ mode beam in free space. The far field expression and the scalar paraxial result are treated with special cases of the general formulae. According to the obtained analytical representation, the nonparaxial propagation properties of the SLG₀₁ mode beam are illustrated and analysed with numerical examples. This research provides an approach to investigate the propagation of the SLG₀₁ mode beam within the framework of the nonparaxial regime.     

洛伦兹光束经光阑失调傍轴光学系统的传输

基于广义衍射积分公式和光阑函数的复高斯展开,导出了一洛伦兹光束经一个带圆形光阑失调傍轴光学系统的近似解析传输公式.作为一般公式的特例,还给出了洛伦兹光束经一无光阑失调傍轴光学系统的解析传输式.作为数值计算的例子,运用所得到的公式分析了洛伦兹光束经带光阑失调薄透镜的传输特性.结果表明：不同强度的衍射即圆形光阑半径的大小明显影响衍射光束的归一化强度分布及其传输变化规律. 关键词： 洛伦兹光束 失调傍轴光学系统 光束传输     

Vectorial Hermite--Laguerre--Gaussian beams beyond the paraxial approximation

Starting from the vectorial Rayleigh--Sommerfeld integrals, the free-space propagation expressions for vectorial Hermite--Laguerre--Gaussian (HLG) beams beyond the paraxial approximation are derived. The far-field expressions and the scalar paraxial results are given as special cases of our general expressions. The intensity distributions of vectorial nonparaxial HLG beams are studied and illustrated with numerical examples.     

矢量非傍轴厄米-拉盖尔-高斯光束的光束质量

基于矢量Rayleigh-Sommerfeld衍射积分，推导出矢量非傍轴圆偏振厄米-拉盖尔-高斯(HLG)光束的远场解析表达式.矢量非傍轴圆偏振高斯光束可作为一般公式的特例给出.将桶中功率(PIB)概念推广到非傍轴范畴，用以描述矢量非傍轴光束的远场光束质量，其中光强用时间平均坡印廷矢量的z分量取代.数值计算和分析表明，矢量非傍轴HLG光束的PIB不仅与束腰宽度与波长之比w₀/λ有关，而且还与α参数，模指数n和m以及所取桶的尺寸有关. 关键词： 矢量非傍轴厄米-拉盖尔-高斯光束 矢量Rayleigh-Sommerfeld衍射积分 桶中功率     

洛伦兹光束的传输特性研究

运用光束传输的二阶矩理论,对洛伦兹光束的传输特性进行了研究,给出了束腰、横向发散角和光束传输因子的表达式.横向束腰仅取决于对应方向上的光束参数;而横向发散角和光束传输因子却取决于两横向上的光束参数.给出了光束传输因子随两横向光束参数的变化关系曲线.结果表明,两横向上的光束传输因子随两光束参数的变化规律是不相同的,而整体的光束传输因子随两光束参数的变化是前两者的综合体现;但在傍轴情形下,光束传输因子趋向于常数141,因此,对于相同束腰,其傍轴条件下的发散性为对应高斯光束的141倍.所以,洛伦兹光束适合用于描述某些发散程度较大的激光光源. 关键词： 洛伦兹光束 光束传输 二阶矩     

任意线偏振高斯光束的非傍轴传输

运用非傍轴光束传输的矢量矩理论，对任意线偏振高斯光束的非傍轴传输进行了系统的研究，给出了定量计算偏振对束腰、横向远场发散角和光束传输因子贡献的解析通式. 并对高度非傍轴和傍轴两种极端情形，简化了相应的计算式. 在高斯光源线度趋向于零的极限情形下，两个横向的最大发散角均为90°，与偏振态无关. 在高度非傍轴情形下，可以通过所给出的解析通式设计高斯光源的半宽度与激射光波长之比值以及线偏振态来达到所期望的光束传输特性. 对于傍轴情形，不同偏振对束腰和横向远场发散角稍有影响，但这种影响一般可以忽略不计；而光束传输因子却始终保持不变，与偏振态无关. 若介于这两种极端情形之间，则可以根据高斯光源的半宽度之值和所期望的计算精度，确定解析式中级数的项数进而确定任意线偏振高斯光束的非傍轴传输特性. 关键词： 高斯光束 非傍轴传输 偏振 二阶矩     

非傍轴矢量拉盖尔-高斯光束的二阶矩表示

基于Porras提出的光传输的非傍轴矢量矩理论，推导出初始圆偏振的非傍轴矢量拉盖尔-高斯(LG)光束的特征参数，包括束宽、远场发散角和M²因子等的公式，并表示为级数求和形式.非傍轴矢量高斯光束公式作为特例给出.研究表明，基于二阶矩定义的束宽按双曲线规律传输，当w₀/λ→0(w₀为束宽，λ为波长)时，远场发散角θ趋于90°，大于非傍轴标量理论预示的值63.435°.非傍轴矢量LG光束的M²因子不仅与模指数p有关，而且还与w₀/λ有关.最后，对非傍轴矢量LG光束和非傍轴标量LG光束的传输作了比较，结果表明在w₀/λ较小时，矢量效应对远场发散角的影响十分显著.对θ→90°引起的问题和非傍轴矢量矩理论的适用范围，以及解决问题的可能途径作了分析和讨论. 关键词： 非傍轴矢量拉盖尔-高斯光束 圆偏振 非傍轴矢量矩理论 光束参数     

非傍轴高斯光束通过方环硬边光阑的传输特性研究

利用矢量Rayleigh积分公式研究了非傍轴高斯光束通过方环硬边光阑的传输,得到了衍射场分布的解析表达式.和傍轴传输相比较,该结果具有更广泛的适用性.以桶中功率为光束质量评价函数,讨论了遮拦比、截断参数对远场光束质量的影响.结果表明,环形光阑的尺寸决定着非傍轴光束远场能量分布的集中程度,截断参数和遮拦比的增大都会导致非傍轴高斯光束衍射效应增强,从而远场能量发散.     

Nonparaxial Lorentz and Lorentz-Gauss beams

The Lorentz and Lorentz-Gauss beams are extended to the nonparaxial regime. Analytical propagation expressions of nonparaxial Lorentz and Lorentz-Gauss beams in free space are derived, and the propagation of paraxial Lorentz and Lorentz-Gauss beams is treated as a special case of our general results. The propagation properties of Lorentz and Lorentz-Gauss beams are illustrated and compared with numerical examples.     

Nonparaxial diffraction of vectorial plane waves at a small aperture

By using the vectorial Rayleigh diffraction integrals, a nonparaxial propagation equation of vectorial plane waves diffracted at a small rectangular aperture is derived analytically and some special cases are discussed. Numerical calculation results are given to illustrate the applicability and validity of our theoretical formulae. It is shown that for the apertured case the ratio of the aperture width and wavelength affects the beam nonparaxiality. The nonparaxial approach presented in this paper has to be used for diffracted plane waves if the aperture width is comparable with or less than the wavelength.     

横向激发线偏振高斯光束的非傍轴传输

文章提出一种横向激发的任意线偏振高斯光束,该光束场量的模与传统的任意线偏振高斯光束具有相同的模,在源场区,其满足自由空间无源场的场方程。同时利用瑞利—索末菲衍射积分对该高斯光束的非傍轴传输特性进行了解析研究,给出了空间光强分布、束腰和远场发散角的解析通式,发现该类光束的远场光强呈一平顶空心光束。     

Nonparaxial propagation of phase-flipped Gaussian beams

This paper derives the closed-form expressions for nonparaxial phase flipped Gaussian （PFG） beams propagating in free space, through a knife edge and an aperture, which enable us to study nonparaxial propagation properties of PFG beams and to compare nonparaxial results with paraxial ones. It is found that the f parameter, offsetting distance of the knife edge and truncation parameter affect the nonparaxial beam propagation properties. Only under certain conditions the paraxial approximation is applicable. The results are illustrated by numerical examples.     

Nonparaxial propagation of Hermite-Laguerre-Gaussian beams in uniaxial crystal orthogonal to the optical axis

Analytical expressions for the three components of the nonparaxial propagation of a Hermite-Laguerre-Gaussian （HLG） beam in uniaxial crystal orthogonal to the optical axis are derived. The intensity distribution of an HLG beam and its three components propagating in a uniaxial crystal orthogonal to the optical axis are demonstrated by numerical examples. Although the y and z components of an HLG beam in the incident plane are both equal to zero, they emerge upon propagation inside the uniaxial crystal. Moreover, the beam profile of the x component is relatively stable and the beam profiles of the y and z components have the same evolution law. If the ratio of the extraordinary refractive index to the ordinary refractive index is larger than unity, the beam profile of the HLG beam is elongated in the x direction and generally rotates clockwise. Otherwise, the beam profile of the HLG beam is elongated in the y direction and generally rotates anticlockwise. This research is beneficial to the optical trapping and nonlinear optics involved in the rotation of a beam profile.     

Generalized beam propagation factor of hard-edged circular apertured diffracted Bessel–Gaussian beams

Based on the truncated second-order moments method on the cylindrical coordinate systems and the incomplete gamma function, an analytical expression of the generalized beam propagation factor (M_G² factor) of hard-edged circular apertured diffracted Bessel–Gaussian beams is derived and illustrated numerically. It is shown that the M_G² factor of hard-edged diffracted BGBs mainly depends on the truncation parameter δ and the beam parameters m and η. The results can be reduced to that for the non-truncated Bessel–Gaussian beams case and that for the truncated fundamental Gaussian beams case under certain conditions, respectively. The power fraction is also discussed analytically and numerically.     

非傍轴矢量异常空心光束的传输特性

 将Cai提出的异常空心光束的理论模型推广到非傍轴范畴,推导出非傍轴矢量异常空心光束传输的解析表达式,用以研究它在自由空间中的传输特性。研究表明,异常空心光束在传输过程中光束形状会发生变化。与高斯光束不同,非傍轴异常空心光束傍轴近似成立条件依赖于传输距离,这与异常空心光束光强分布随传输距离的变化有关。非傍轴异常空心光束远场的光束质量可用桶中功率来描述,桶中功率随f参数(波长与束腰宽度的比值)的增大而减小。     

A comparative study of the propagation of vectorial nonparaxial beams in the use of different approaches

Starting from the vectorial Rayleigh diffraction integral formula and using a simple expansion of the nucleus in the Rayleigh formula, an analytical propagation equation of vectorial nonparaxial Gaussian beams in free space is derived, which permits us to perform numerical calculations in comparison with the expression derived by Ciattoni et al. and with the direct numerical integration of the Rayleigh formula. It is found that as usual the use of expansion of vectorial Rayleigh diffraction integral is sufficient to provide satisfactory numerical results as compared with the direct integration of the Rayleigh formula. The above two analytical expressions are valid under certain conditions, however both are applicable in the far field.     

Partially coherent vectorial cosh-Gaussian beams beyond the paraxial approximation

The concept of partially coherent vectorial nonparaxial cosh-Gaussian (ChG) beams is introduced, and their analytical propagation expressions for the cross-spectral density matrix in free space are derived by using the generalized vectorial Rayleigh diffraction integrals. Some interesting cases, in particular, the vectorial nonparaxial Gaussian-Schell-model (GSM) beams are discussed and treated as special cases of our general expressions. It is shown that the f and f_σ parameters play a crucial role in determining the vectorial property and nonparaxiality of partially coherent ChG beams, but the decentered parameter additionally affects their behavior.