太空环境压力变化对液浮陀螺性能的影响分析

对太空气压变化影响液浮陀螺性能的机理进行了理论分析,然后利用有限元分析法对陀螺仪在压力变化时浮子产生的变形进行了计算.明确了压力变化对陀螺仪结构件变形的影响程度,并从几个对陀螺仪漂移产生影响的主要方面进行了深度分析,得知压力变化导致浮子的结构变形是陀螺仪性能变化的主要因素,其中框架的变形引起的陀螺漂移达0.3((°)·h-1),g.最后通过对某型陀螺仪进行压力变化试验,验证了分析结果的正确性.此外还对陀螺仪进行了封闭波纹管的实验.得出结论:采用相对厚实的结构,刚度较大、稳定性好的材料可大大提高陀螺仪对环境的适应性,另外还可以给陀螺仪装上对外界环境的密封隔离装置.     

三浮陀螺磁悬浮干扰力矩机理分析

在三浮陀螺磁悬浮的干扰力矩研究方面,详细分析了磁悬浮干扰力矩的产生机理,对机加和装配误差、磁性材料的不理想、调试过程等可能造成的磁悬浮干扰力矩进行了定性分析和定量计算,推导出干扰力矩的表达式,并通过组合加工的方法对磁悬浮干扰力矩的力臂加以控制。目前的加工水平可以达到:径向磁悬浮干扰力矩1×10~(-8) N×m,对应的陀螺漂移8.4×10~(-2)(°)/h,随机分量4.2×10~(-6)(°)/h;轴向磁悬浮干扰力矩2×10~(-10) N×m,对应的陀螺漂移1.7×10~(-3)(°)/h,随机分量为8.4×10~(-8)(°)/h。     

某型液浮陀螺浮子结构的热应力分析

本文以液浮陀螺的浮子结构有限元模型为基础,对某种浮子结构进行了热应力分析,得出在陀螺浮子处于工作温度场的情况下,该浮子结构中的最大热应力值,指出其所用材料的不合理处,为以后陀螺仪设计时材料的选取提供重要数据依据。     

液浮陀螺电机用轴承的寿命可靠性分析

分析了电机轴承的寿命可靠性，它在很大程度上决定了液浮陀螺的工作寿命。描述了电机轴承失效的故障模式、故障树，分析了影响寿命可靠性的关键原因，并对提高液浮陀螺用电机轴承的寿命可靠性提出了建议；文中还提到了目前轴承研制和生产的一些理论和仿真技术。     

基于有限元分析方法的三浮陀螺用角度传感器优化设计

针对高精度三浮陀螺仪角度传感器要求尺寸约束不变的情况下进一步提升性能的需求,提出一种基于有限元分析的优化设计方法,避免了传统的磁路计算法需要多轮验证、效率低等问题.首先从变压器磁链方程出发推导建立了多级式动圈角度传感器的数学模型,确定了影响传感器灵敏度和激磁电流的主要设计指标:激磁绕组、输出绕组、气隙长度和工作半径,以...     

液浮陀螺仪可靠性技术分析

在可靠性设计与分析的基础上，针对某型液浮陀螺仪技术特点，对影响其可靠性的各种关键因素做了较为详细的分析，同时对陀螺电机这一关键部件提出了可靠性设计方法。通过技术分析提出设计该型高可靠性液浮陀螺仪的关键因素及方法。     

激光陀螺旋转惯导系统IMU的磁屏蔽设计及优化分析

为了提高激光陀螺旋转惯导系统的环境适应性,需要对惯性测量单元(IMU)进行磁屏蔽设计。对IMU的磁屏蔽效率进行了理论计算和有限元仿真,对磁屏蔽材料的厚度、接缝宽度及接缝处贴片的大小等参数进行了仿真分析。利用赫姆霍兹线圈对IMU进行了磁敏感性测试,实验结果表明:设计的IMU磁屏蔽结构的屏蔽效率在23～30 dB范围内,磁场引起的三个激光陀螺漂移小于0.002°/h/mT,满足高精度单轴旋转惯导系统的实用要求。该方法对旋转惯导系统的结构设计及磁屏蔽设计具有一定的参考意义。     

激光陀螺抖动系统振动特性的有限元分析

建立了激光陀螺抖动系统的三维有限元模型,对其振动特性进行了模态分析,并对该系统进行了模态实验测量,最后将模态分析的结果和实验测量结果进行了对比。对比结果表明,所建立的有限元模型合理,分析结果可靠,对该系统的改进设计具有重要意义。     

液浮陀螺仪浮子迟滞试验检测方法

由于液浮陀螺仪常规测试方法偏重于正常陀螺性能参数的测试以及试验条件脱离实际使用状态,常使存在缺陷的陀螺无法准确筛选出来.为了弥补液浮陀螺仪常规测试方法不足,提高陀螺仪的检测可靠性,在常规试验的基础上增加了浮子迟滞试验.对浮子迟滞试验检测技术从试验机理和技术实现上进行了较为详细的分析和研究.在力矩反馈测试系统反馈放大器的输入端施加高精度三角波信号,在陀螺仪浮子沿输出轴在选定的角度范围内周期性缓慢匀速摆动过程中完成了陀螺力矩、阻尼力矩、角弹性力矩、常值干扰力矩及摩擦型干扰力矩的检测.利用浮子迟滞试验技术在液浮陀螺仪多余物检测以及最佳工作温度优选方面取得了很好的实用效果,是提高陀螺仪性能检测可靠性和故障定位准确性的一种关键检测技术.     

液浮陀螺漂移的试验建模研究

本文采用时间序列分析理论,利用实际测量的数据,建立了液浮陀螺随机漂移的ARMA模型.最终,为便于将模型应用于卡尔曼滤波器中,本文给出了一种实际可行的液浮陀螺漂移模型.     

电磁波导的奇异元与对偶有限元分析

基于电磁波导的对偶变量变分原理以及Hamilton正则方程,将含有奇异性的电磁场问题导入Hamilton体系下进行分析,通过分离变量及共轭辛本征函数向量展开法,构造出可以表征电磁场奇异性的奇异解析元。奇异元的采用克服了普通单元处理含有导电劈和介质楔的波导问题的困难,同时能够方便地与电磁对偶元相结合,保持了有限元方法的灵活性,具有较高的精度。     

无驱动微机械陀螺敏感元件模态分析

鉴于常规微机械陀螺的驱动结构和检测结构往往需要进行频率匹配,造成带宽较窄,工艺复杂的问题,设计了一种新的微机械陀螺,安装于旋转飞行器上,利用飞行器的旋转获得角动量,敏感飞行器的偏航和俯仰横向角速度。由于没有驱动结构,所以结构简单,带宽较宽。首先基于这种巧妙的结构建立了敏感元件的振动方程。根据振动方程,扭转梁是影响质量振动模态和模态频率的关键,同时考虑到应力、残余应力的释放以及工作能力,扭转梁设计成横截面积为矩形的弧形梁,并对其抗扭刚度进行了解析推导和计算,从而确定了敏感元件的固有频率。接着利用有限元分析的方法,对其振动模态进行了仿真,仿真结果表明,敏感元件的第一模态是扭转振动,固有频率相对于解析结果的误差为9.86%。为了进一步验证,设计了静电驱动电容检测的方法,实验测试得到的谐振频率和解析值的相对误差为5.21%。仿真和实验结果与理论计算一致,表明扭转梁的设计是合理的,模态分析是正确的,而且为动态性能评估和结构优化提供了理论依据。     

Finite element approximation of field dislocation mechanics

A tool for studying links between continuum plasticity and dislocation theory within a field framework is presented. A finite element implementation of the geometrically linear version of a recently proposed theory of field dislocation mechanics (J. Mech. Phys. Solids 49 (2001) 761; Proc. Roy. Soc. 459 (2003) 1343; J. Mech. Phys. Solids 52 (2004) 301) represents the main idea behind the tool. The constitutive ingredients of the theory under consideration are simply elasticity and a specification of dislocation velocity and nucleation. The set of equations to be approximated are non-standard in the context of solid mechanics applications. It comprises the standard second-order equilibrium equations, a first-order div-curl system for the elastic incompatibility, and a first-order, wave-propagative system for the evolution of dislocation density. The latter two sets of equations require special treatment as the standard Galerkin method is not adequate, and are solved utilizing a least-squares finite element strategy. The implementation is validated against analytical results of the classical elastic theory of dislocations and analytical results of the theory itself. Elastic stress fields of dislocation distributions in generally anisotropic media of finite extent, deviation from elastic response, yield-drop, and back-stress are shown to be natural consequences of the model. The development of inhomogeneity, from homogeneous initial conditions and boundary conditions corresponding to homogeneous deformation in conventional plasticity, is also demonstrated. To our knowledge, this work represents the first computational implementation of a theory of dislocation mechanics where no analytical results, singular solutions in particular, are required to formulate the implementation. In particular, a part of the work is the first finite element implementation of Kröner's linear elastic theory of continuously distributed dislocations in its full generality.     

Finite element analysis in combustion phenomena

This paper is concerned with the exposition of finite element applications to combustion problems. The subject of computational fluid dynamics, including combustion calculations, has long been dominated by finite differences. Recently, however, the finite element method has emerged as a potential candidate for computational modelling in fluid mechanics. It is well known that reactive fluids with combustion present additional complications because of disparity in reaction rates commonly referred to as ‘stiff’. The present paper reviews basic questions arising from combustion problems in applications of finite element techniques to the solution of problems associated with chemical kinetics, diffusion, waves, convection, etc. Finally, an example of a hydrogen-oxygen reaction is presented for practical applications. Extension to the finite element modelling of turbulence, sprays, boundary layers, shock waves, etc. in combustion must await significant developments of numerical strategies associated with a more complete understanding of physical phenomena and chemical kinetics.     

齿轮接触有限元分析

通过接触仿真分析研究了通用接触单元在轮齿变形和接触应力计算中的应用。建立了一对齿轮接触仿真分析的模型，并使用新的接触单元法计算了轮齿变形和接触应力，与赫兹理论比较，同时也计算了摩擦力对接触应力的影响。计算分析了单元离散、几何、边界范围与加载或约束处理方式的误差，建立了一个计算轮齿变形和接触应力的标准，说明了新的接触单元法的精确法、有效性和可靠性。     

Finite element analysis of seepage in viscoelastic media

R. S. Sandhu and E.L. Wilson presented "Finite Element Analysis of Seepage in Elastic Media"^[1], by which complex problems in engineering can be solved. In this paper, it is extended to the case of viscoe-lastic media. If the soil skeleton is regarded as viscoelastic media, the stress-strain relation will be changed with time, which increases the complexity of problems. By making use of the finite-element method to solve such problems, the linear stress-strain increment relation is considered in every preselective interval of time. The linear proportional constant here is called "equivalent elastic tensor". On the basis of the equivalent elastic tensor, this paper deduces the formulation for solving problems in viscoelastic media.     

Finite element analysis of plane soil cutting

This study develops the finite element method (FEM) of solution to provide a theoretical means for determination of soil performance under the actions of a cutting blade—and the forces required to promote cutting. The developed FEM takes into account the effect of progressive and continuous cutting of the clay soil at the tip of the blade, with possible development of failure zones in the soil whenever the shear strength of the soil is exceeded. The solution provides detailed information on stress and deformation fields in the soil, together with tangential and normal pressures developed at the blade soil interface Correspondence between theoretically computed displacement fields and measured values has been obtained. In addition, the theoretically computed and experimentally measured values for forces developed in blade thrust are seen to be in close agreement.     

Finite element analysis of two-temperature generalized magneto-thermoelasticity

A general finite element model is proposed to analyze transient phenomena in thermoelastic solids. Youssef model of two-temperature generalized magneto-thermoelasticity is selected for an homogenous, isotropic, conducting and elastic medium, which is subjected to thermal shock, and a magnetic field with constant intensity acts tangent to the bounding plane. The numerical solution of the nondimensional governing partial differential equations of the problem has been shown graphically.     

一种高灵敏度石英微机械陀螺敏感器件

针对石英晶体各向异性的特点,设计了一种驱动梁为双"W"截面形状的石英音叉微机械陀螺,通过在驱动梁表面凹槽两端设置深凹槽,有效提高了凹槽侧壁的陡直性,进而提高了驱动梁内部电场的激励效率和陀螺灵敏度。采用有限元仿真的方法,分析了不同截面形状的驱动梁压电激励力的相对大小,优化设计了陀螺芯片结构参数。依据陀螺芯片的结构,设计了合理的工艺方案并在3英寸石英圆片上制作出了三种驱动梁截面形状的陀螺器件,测试结果表明,相对于矩形驱动梁截面的陀螺芯片,双"W"形驱动梁截面的陀螺芯片的灵敏度提高约60%。     

Finite element analysis of temperature field with phase transformation and non-linear surface heat-transfer coefficient during quenching

I.IntroductionItiswell-knownthatthemechanicalpropertiescanbeimprovedbyquenchingtechnique.Thetemperaturefieldofworkpiecehasagreatinfluenceupontheresiduals'ressesandmicrostructureafterquenching.Thus,thecalculationoftemperaturefieldduringquenchinghasbeenthesubjectofmanyinvestigations.Inthepastresearches,thesurfaceheat-transfercoefficientshavebeenusuallytreatedasconstantitmayleadtotheerrorofcalculationintheanalysisoftemperature.Infact,thesurfaceheat-transfercoefficientsarethenonlinearfunctionofte…