Hybrid diffractive-refractive 40° head-mounted display

The design of a head-mounted display with a field of view of 40 degrees and suitable for use with a micro display of 17.5 mm diagonal is presented. It is a combination of a diffractive-refractive eyepiece with an appropriate reflective relay system. The eyepiece design is based on a Kellner eyepiece. By replacing the cemented-doublet of the traditional eyepiece with a diffractive-refractive element (a plano-convex lens with the plane surface as the diffractive surface) an improved eyepiece is obtained. The proposed eyepiece shows a considerable reduction in physical size (which is particularly important for binocular systems) and weight, and exhibits superior performance compared to the traditional refractive type. It is emphasized that the proposed design has a performance that is well matched to a micro display with SXGA resolution.     

High-resolution gamma-ray radiography produced by a laser-plasma driven electron source

An electron beam from a laser-plasma accelerator is converted into a gamma-ray source using bremsstrahlung radiation in a dense material. The gamma-ray beam has a pointlike source size because it is generated by a high quality electron beam with a small source size and a low divergence. Using this gamma-ray source, the radiography of complex and dense objects with submillimeter resolution is performed. It is the first evidence of a gamma-ray source size of a few hundreds micrometers produced with laser-driven accelerators. This size is consistent with results from Monte Carlo simulations.     

6H-SiC的飞秒激光超衍射加工

利用飞秒激光直写微纳加工平台, 对6H-SiC材料进行了突破衍射极限的微纳结构加工研究. 使用中心波长和脉宽分别为800 nm和130 fs的钛蓝宝石激光器和荧光倒置显微镜搭建了飞秒激光直写微纳加工平台, 研究了在不同的实验条件下对6H-SiC的光学加工情况, 采用扫描电子显微镜对加工结构进行表征. 通过分析不同的激光功率和不同的曝光时间等实验条件下加工的分辨率, 发现分辨率随着激光功率的减小而提高, 随扫描速度的增大而提高, 且能突破光学衍射极限. 最终获得125 nm的加工线宽, 并加工了加工线宽240 nm, 周期1.0 μm的线阵列. 研究结果为微机电系统(MEMS)的微器件设计开创了新的思路, 对发展MEMS器件具有重要意义. 关键词： 飞秒激光直写 超衍射加工 6H-SiC 微机电系统     

Thermo-optically driven adaptive mirror for laser applications

An adaptive mirror is investigated that is based on the deformation of the reflective surface due to thermal expansion of an underlying material that can be locally heated with an external light source. The mirror is made from a glass plate coated with a 1-mm-thick layer of a material with a large thermal expansion coefficient that was finally sputter coated with a thin gold film. The adaptive mirror is thermo-optically heated with an incandescent lamp. To generate the desired temperature pattern an aperture mask is used. The deformation of the adaptive mirror is measured with a Michelson interferometer. It is shown that the spatial resolution and amplitude of the deformation are sufficient for the application as an adaptive mirror. As a possible application the suitability of this mirror type as part of a laser resonator to generate a super-Gaussian mode is discussed. PACS 42.60.Jf; 42.60.By; 42.79.-e     

High-frequency resonant blockade in one-dimensional quantum pump with oscillating potential wells

The conductance and the stationary current are studied in a one-dimensional quantum wire with a harmonically oscillating delta-potential barrier or well. It is shown that, in the structure with a single well, the conductance vanishes at certain parameters. This phenomenon is associated with the occurrence of quasi-energy states corresponding to the total and elastic reflection of particles from the well. The stationary photovoltaic current under an alternating field in a double-well structure is considered. It is shown that the derivative of the photovoltaic current with respect to the Fermi energy vanishes under the same conditions. The results for a system with a single well are generalized to the case of a one-dimensional lattice in the tight binding model with an oscillating level of one of its sites. It is shown that the problem of particle scattering by a three-dimensional short-range center with an oscillating potential is reduced to the corresponding one-dimensional problem.     

Wave-front reversal of multifrequency continuous emission by Bragg scattering from phase regular inhomogeneities

The possibility of wave-front reversal of continuous multifrequency emission with a wide line spectrum (in particular, emission of lasers operating on cascade vibrational-rotational transitions of diatomic molecules, e.g., HF or CO) is analyzed; the reversal is based on Bragg scattering from a spatial phase hologram that is recorded in a resonance-absorbing medium by emission with a frequency different from any of the reversed-signal frequencies. The mechanism of formation of a spatial phase hologram and the features of optical Bragg scattering on such structures are analyzed. It is shown that a scattered wave-front is complex conjugate to one of the waves recording the phase grating. An optical system for wave-front reversal is proposed and the Bragg scattering efficiency is estimated for a particular example. The analysis indicates that the proposed system does not exhibit frequency selectivity and is basically suitable for wave-front reversal of emission with a broad line spectrum. The main problem is to choose a medium with resonance absorption at the center of a multifrequency emission spectrum and with complete transparency for the reversed signal.     

Experiments to study the confinement of a target plasma in a magnetic trap with inverse plugs and circular multipole walls

In order to neutralize beams of high-energy negative ions, it is convenient to use a plasma target. It is necessary to confine a target plasma within a magnetic trap. It is of importance to restrict the escape of a plasma from the inlet and outlet holes in the target. It is proposed to confine a target plasma in a magnetic trap with a weak longitudinal field with circular multipole walls and with inverse plugs (with an inverse field). Experiments in which a plasma is confined in an axisymmetric trap of this type with one double inverse plug, which restricts longitudinal plasma outflow, are described. A cathode pellet emitting accelerated electrons for plasma production by gas ionization is installed at the opposite end face of the trap on the axis. The experiment shows that inverse plugs suppress strongly the plasma outflow into the end-face hole. The mechanism of this suppression is revealed. It is found that electrons are confined within a trap predominantly by magnetic fields.     

Sound reduction by barriers on the ground

An existing theory on the propagation of spherical sound waves over ground with a finite acoustic impedance is to a large extent verified by field measurements over different types of ground surfaces. It is then shown that it is reasonable to combine this theory with ordinary diffraction theory to get a solution of the mixed problem with a barrier on the ground. Full-scale measurements have been carried out with a 3 m high wall and the results show good agreement with the predicted values. It is also shown that it is generally of minor importance whether a thin screen is sound absorbing or not.     

Transmission loss of a flexible micro-perforated muffler with a flexible back cavity for water-filled pipelines

To reduce low-frequency noise of the water-filled pipeline system,a compact flexible micro-perforated muffler with a flexible back cavity(FMPMFBC) is proposed.The flexible pipe wall is made of a rubber-cord composite material.A numerical solution for the transmission loss is derived.Firstly,the flexible micro-perforated panel(FMPP) is equivalent to a flexible porous material based on Biot-Allard porous-elastic theory.Then,a periodic structural unit of the aramid fabric cloth is established with the two-scale method,and the equivalent stiffness matrix is obtained.Besides,a multi-layer composite model for the flexible pipe wall is constructed according to the lamination theory.Coupling with the internal sound field,the transmission loss of the FMPMFBC is calculated.On a water-filled impedance tube,the transmission loss curves of the FMPMFBC prototypes are measured with the two source-location method,and compared with those of a flexible micro-perforated muffler with a rigid back cavity(FMPMRBC)and an expansion muffler.Theoretical results are experimentally verified.The FMPMFBC is a hybrid muffler combining reflection with dissipation,capable of attenuating broadband lowfrequency noise.The transmission loss of prototype B2 in the frequency bands of [40 300] Hz and [40 1200] Hz is 36 dB and 30 dB,respectively,while the transmission loss of the same-sized expansion muffler in the corresponding frequency bands is 7 dB and 11 dB,respectively.     

一种新型的水下低频共鸣器*

该文旨在宽开口的共鸣腔内嵌入聚氨酯泡沫来设计一种新型的水下低频共鸣器。首先通过水池实验测定聚氨酯泡沫板的声速。然后基于此建立镶嵌聚氨酯泡沫共鸣器的理论模型获得声阻抗率,通过与直口结构以及棒纵振动模型对比,验证理论模型的正确性,并建立集中参数系统,分析内嵌聚氨酯泡沫能够降低共鸣器共振频率的原因。最后通过有限元仿真软件进行计算,检验理论模型的正确性,与无聚氨酯泡沫镶嵌的共鸣器相比,镶嵌聚氨酯泡沫的共鸣器在维持较低品质因素的同时实现了共振频率大幅降低。     

Self-oscillations in an electromechanical system with a field emitter

Electromechanical oscillations have been detected in a system consisting of a vacuum diode with a field cathode made of single-walled carbon nanotubes. As a dc voltage between such a cathode and an anode is applied, stable mechanical oscillations are observed along with oscillations of the self-sustained emission current. An empirical model of this phenomenon is proposed. It is described with a system of one-dimensional equations of mechanical motion and electrical processes in the system. An analysis of these equations is performed and a qualitative consistency of theoretical and experimental results is demonstrated. It is proved that the observed phenomenon is common for all systems with field nanoemitters. The suggested mechanism of the excitation of the self-sustained oscillations can be used to explain the experimentally observed features of such nanoemitters.     

Study on a low loss, low voltage, polarization-independent EO modulator based LPG

In this paper, a new type of high-speed EO modulator is presented. It is a multi-cladding structure with LPG written in the core, and polymer with high EO coefficient is fabricated as the outer layer. A special material with ultra-negative temperature coefficient is used for the temperature compensation. This modulator is polarization independent, it can be coupled with the optical fiber very easily and can work steadily with low voltage, high speed, is temperature insensitive, and its cost is low. To our knowledge, this is the first time a modulator has been designed with such a simple and effective structure.     

Capillary filling with pseudo-potential binary Lattice-Boltzmann model

We present a systematic study of capillary filling for a binary fluid by using a mesoscopic lattice Boltzmann model for immiscible fluids describing a diffusive interface moving at a given contact angle with respect to the walls. The phenomenological way to impose a given contact angle is analysed. Particular attention is given to the case of complete wetting, that is contact angle equal to zero. Numerical results yield quantitative agreement with the theoretical Washburn’s law, provided that the correct ratio of the dynamic viscosities between the two fluids is used. Finally, the presence of precursor films is experienced and it is shown that these films advance in time with a square-root law but with a different prefactor with respect to the bulk interface.     

End-to-end distance on contour loops of random Gaussian surfaces

A self-consistent field theory that describes a part of a contour loop of a random Gaussian surface as a trajectory interacting with itself is constructed. The exponent nu characterizing the end-to-end distance is obtained by a Flory argument. The result is compared with different previous derivations and is found to agree with that of Kondev and Henley over most of the range of the roughening exponent of the random surface.     

Dielectric losses in heterogeneous systems

Analytic formulas are derived for the effective complex dielectric constant of a matrix system with Maxwell-Wagner losses. An approximate solution is given for a system of dielectrics with a single relaxation time. It is shown that this approximation is applicable to systems containing a semiconductor with blocking electrodes. The effect of spread in the dimensions of the semiconductor component on the frequency dependence of losses in a matrix system is discussed.     

Evolution of Classical and Quantum States in the Groupoid Picture of Quantum Mechanics

The evolution of states of the composition of classical and quantum systems in the groupoid formalism for physical theories introduced recently is discussed. It is shown that the notion of a classical system, in the sense of Birkhoff and von Neumann, is equivalent, in the case of systems with a countable number of outputs, to a totally disconnected groupoid with Abelian von Neumann algebra. The impossibility of evolving a separable state of a composite system made up of a classical and a quantum one into an entangled state by means of a unitary evolution is proven in accordance with Raggio’s theorem, which is extended to include a new family of separable states corresponding to the composition of a system with a totally disconnected space of outcomes and a quantum one.     

A Reconfigurable Microwave Photonic Channelized Receiver Based on Dense Wavelength Division Multiplexing Using an Optical Comb

A photonic approach to implementing a microwave channelized receiver based on dense wavelength division multiplexing using an optical comb is proposed. In the approach, a flat optical comb with 11 comb lines is generated using two cascaded Mach-Zehnder modulators. Frequency analysis of a microwave signal with multiple-frequency components is realized by using the optical comb together with an optical etalon with a periodic transfer function, a wavelength division multiplexer (WDM) and a photodetector array. The system is investigated numerically. Frequency measurement of a multi-frequency signal with a measurement range from 0.5-11.5 with an accuracy of ± 0.5 GHz is achieved. The reconfigurability of the system realized by tuning the comb-line spacing and the peak positions of the etalon is also evaluated. The improvement of the dynamic range of the system using an optimized periodic filter is also discussed.     

基于空间光调制器的HDR图像获取方法

提出一种利用空间光调制器对物方光线进行调制并多次曝光的方法来获取HDR图像.讨论了该方法的原理,并根据原理搭建实验装置进行了实验.实验装置中以LCOS作为空间光调制器,以CMOS作为成像传感器,通过多次曝光获得系列图像,利用图像合成算法生成HDR图像.该方法具有实时性好、扩展性强、成本较低等优点.     

Electron beam lithography with a Gaussian current distribution for nanolithography

The parameters of a system of electron beam lithography with a Gaussian current density distribution are studied. The dependence of resolution on magnification and the ratio of anode potentials are analyzed. A model of a three-electrode electron gun with a ZrO/W cathode is used. Stochastic aberration is taken into account. It is shown that a resolution of 10 nm is obtainable even if an electron gun with the simplest geometry is used.     

Energy localization in general relativity: A new hypothesis

A new hypothesis for energy localization in general relativity is introduced which is based upon the fact that the energy-momentum conservation laws are devoid of content in vacuum. The vanishing of pseudotensor components forms the basis of coordinate conditions consistent with the above. The implication is that energy is localized where the energy-momentum tensor is nonvanishing. As a consequence, gravitational waves are not carriers of energy in vacuum. A detailed analysis of a Feynman detector interacting with a plane gravitational wave is consistent with the hypothesis. The fact that there has never been a confirmed direct energy transfer to a detector via gravitational radiation is also consistent with the hypothesis.