Full- and reduced-order synchronization of a class of time-varying systems containing uncertainties

Investigation on chaos synchronization of autonomous dynamical systems has been largely reported in the literature. However, synchronization of time-varying, or nonautonomous, uncertain dynamical systems has received less attention. The present contribution addresses full- and reduced-order synchronization of a class of nonlinear time-varying chaotic systems containing uncertain parameters. A unified framework is established for both the full-order synchronization between two completely identical time-varying uncertain systems and the reduced-order synchronization between two strictly different time-varying uncertain systems. The synchronization is successfully achieved by adjusting the determined algorithms for the estimates of unknown parameters and the linear feedback gain, which is rigorously proved by means of the Lyapunov stability theorem for nonautonomous differential equations together with Barbalat’s lemma. Moreover, the synchronization result is robust against the disturbance of noise. We illustrate the applicability for full-order synchronization using two identical parametrically driven pendulum oscillators and for reduced-order synchronization using the parametrically driven second-order pendulum oscillator and an additionally driven third-order Rossler oscillator.     

Characterizing the anticipating chaotic synchronization of RCL-shunted Josephson junctions

This study addresses the problem of anticipating synchronization of two chaotic RCL-shunted Josephson junctions (RCLSJ) based on time-delayed feedback control. The error dynamical system can be dealt with in virtue of non-linear pendulum-like system methods, through which we establish sufficient conditions to guarantee the existence of anticipating synchronizing slave systems. The design of a desired feedback controller can be achieved by solving a group of linear matrix inequalities (LMIs) by utilizing available numerical software. In the presence of parameter uncertainties, we further explore the robust anticipating synchronization, and propose corresponding criteria as well. These results are demonstrated through numerical simulations that under the derived conditions, the slave RCLSJ model could respond in exactly the same way as the master would do in the future, hence it allow us to anticipate the non-linear chaotic dynamics.     

Hybrid phase synchronization between identical and nonidentical three-dimensional chaotic systems using the active control method

In this article, the active control method is used to investigate the hybrid phase synchronization between two identical Rikitake and Windmi systems, and also between two nonidentical systems taking Rikitake as the driving system and Windmi system as the response system. Based on the Lyapunov stability theory, the sufficient conditions for achieving the hybrid phase synchronization of two chaotic systems are derived. The active control method is found to be very effective and convenient to achieve hybrid phase chaos synchronization of the identical and nonidentical chaotic systems. Numerical simulation results which are carried out using the Runge–Kutta method show its feasibility and effectiveness for the synchronization of dynamical chaotic systems.     

Combination–combination synchronization among four identical or different chaotic systems

Based on one drive system and one response system synchronization model, a new type of combination–combination synchronization is proposed for four identical or different chaotic systems. According to the Lyapunov stability theorem and adaptive control, numerical simulations for four identical or different chaotic systems with different initial conditions are discussed to show the effectiveness of the proposed method. Synchronization about combination of two drive systems and combination of two response systems is the main contribution of this paper, which can be extended to three or more chaotic systems. A universal combination of drive systems and response systems model and a universal adaptive controller may be designed to our intelligent application by our synchronization design.     

Combination synchronization of three different order nonlinear systems using active backstepping design

In this paper, two kinds of combination synchronization between two drive systems and one response system are investigated using active backstepping design. Firstly, increased-order combination synchronization between Lorenz system, Rössler system and hyperchaotic Lü system is considered. Secondly, reduced-order combination synchronization between hyperchaotic Lorenz system, hyperchaotic Chen system and Lü system is considered. According to Lyapunov stability theory and active backstepping design method, the corresponding controllers are both designed. Finally, several numerical examples are provided to illustrate the obtained results.     

Finite-time combination-combination synchronization of four different chaotic systems with unknown parameters via sliding mode control

In this paper, we apply the nonsingular terminal sliding mode control technique to realize the novel combination-combination synchronization between combination of two chaotic systems as drive system and combination of two chaotic systems as response system with unknown parameters in a finite time. On the basic of the adaptive laws and finite-time stability theory, an adaptive combination sliding mode controller is proposed to ensure the occurrence of the sliding motion in a given finite time for four different chaotic systems. In theory, it is proved that the sliding mode technique can realize fast convergence for four different chaotic systems in the finite time. Some criteria and corollaries are derived for finite-time combination-combination synchronization of four different chaotic systems. Numerical simulation results are shown to verify the effectiveness and correctness of the combination-combination synchronization.     

Persistence and coexistence of infinite attractors in a fractal Josephson junction resonator with unharmonic current phase relation considering feedback flux effect

Josephson junction resonators are the devices which exhibit complex behaviours as a consequence of their inductive properties. Even though the insulating medium between Josephson junctions (JJs) is normally considered homogeneous, the fact that lithography is used to form the layer, it has fractal substrates. Such JJs are identified as fractal Josephson junctions (FJJs). In this paper, a new chaotic oscillator based on memristor and FJJ has been investigated. Superconductor properties can dramatically change its operating points especially voltage and heat that are related to Josephson tunnelling. Some changes in the operating points can cause the Josephson tunnelling junctions to oscillate in different oscillation modes in very high frequencies. This can be achieved by considering the potential across the junction with its flux feedback. In order to model the magnetic flux effect, we use a memristor whose memductance function is considered as an exponential function. By varying the type of the bias current, we could observe the property of infinitely coexisting attractors in the memristor-fractal Josephson junction oscillator, which is considered as a rare phenomenon in physical circuits. The proposed Josephson-Memristor circuit model is developed, and its equilibrium points, bifurcation and Lyapunov exponents are computed. As an engineering application, modelling the trajectories of the moving object has been realized. First, the SURF algorithm, which is not affected by the scale and rotations of the object, is used in the images to identify an object that tracks the states of the proposed Josephson-Memristor circuit. In this way, the coordinates of the orbits on which the object moves were determined on the image. In order to reproduce the orbits of the specified object, the coordinate information of the object has been trained to the artificial neural network model and the orbits of the object have been reproduced.

     

Dynamics analysis and hybrid function projective synchronization of a new chaotic system

This paper introduces a novel three-dimensional autonomous chaotic system by adding a quadratic cross-product term to the first equation and modifying the state variable in the third equation of a chaotic system proposed by Cai et al. (Acta Phys. Sin. 56:6230, 2007). By means of theoretical analysis and computer simulations, some basic dynamical properties, such as Lyapunov exponent spectrum, bifurcations, equilibria, and chaotic dynamical behaviors of the new chaotic system are investigated. Furthermore, hybrid function projective synchronization (HFPS) of the new chaotic system is studied by employing three different synchronization methods, i.e., adaptive control, system coupling and active control. The proposed approaches are applied to achieve HFPS between two identical new chaotic systems with fully uncertain parameters, HFPS in coupled new chaotic systems, and HFPS between the integer-order new chaotic system and the fractional-order Lü chaotic system, respectively. Corresponding numerical simulations are provided to validate and illustrate the analytical results.     

A new Lyapunov approach for global synchronization of non-autonomous chaotic systems

This paper proposes a new approach for finding the Lyapunov function to study the sufficient global synchronization criterion of master-slave non-autonomous chaotic systems via linear state error feedback control. The approach is first demonstrated in a synchronization scheme for the second-order non-autonomous chaotic systems and then generalized to the schemes for the nth-order non-autonomous chaotic systems. Some algebraic synchronization criteria for the second-order chaotic systems are obtained. The sharpness of the new criteria is compared with that of the existing criteria of the same type by numerical examples.     

Projective synchronization between two different time-delayed chaotic systems using active control approach

In this paper, we investigate the projective synchronization between two different time-delayed chaotic systems. A suitable controller is chosen using the active control approach. We relax some limitations of previous work, where projective synchronization of different chaotic systems can be achieved only in finite dimensional chaotic systems, so we can achieve projective synchronization of different chaotic systems in infinite dimensional chaotic systems. Based on the Lyapunov stability theory, we suggest a generic method to achieve the projective synchronization between two different time-delayed chaotic systems. The validity of the proposed method is demonstrated and verified by observing the projective synchronization between two well-known time-delayed chaotic systems; the Ikeda system and Mackey–Glass system. Numerical simulations fully support the analytical approach.     

Robust adaptive full state hybrid synchronization of chaotic complex systems with unknown parameters and external disturbances

This paper studies the robust adaptive full state hybrid projective synchronization (FSHPS) scheme for a class of chaotic complex systems with uncertain parameters and external disturbances. By introducing a compensator and using nonlinear control and adaptive control, the robust adaptive FSHPS scheme is derived, which can eliminate the influence of uncertainties effectively and achieve adaptive FSHPS of the chaotic (hyperchaotic) complex systems asymptotically with a small error bound. The adaptive laws of the unknown parameters are given, and the sufficient conditions of realizing FSHPS are derived as well. Moreover, we also discuss the case that parameters of chaotic complex system are complex. Finally, the complex Chen system and Lü system, and the hyperchaotic complex Lorenz system are taken as two examples and the numerical simulations are provided to verify the effectiveness and robustness of the proposed control scheme.     

Crack synchronization of chaotic circuits under field coupling

Nonlinear electric devices are important and essential for setting circuits so that chaotic outputs or periodical series can be generated. Chaotic circuits can be mapped into dimensionless dynamical systems by using scale transformation, and thus, synchronization control can be further investigated in numerical way. In case of synchronization approach, resistor is often used to bridge two chaotic circuits and gap junction connection is used to realize possible synchronization. In fact, complex electromagnetic effect in circuits should be considered when the capacitor and inductor (inductance coil) are attacked by high-frequency signals or noise-like disturbance. In this paper, two chaotic circuits are connected by using voltage coupling (via resistor) and triggering mutual induction electromotive force, which time-varying magnetic field is generated in the inductance coils. Therefore, magnetic field coupling is realized between two isolate inductance coils and induction electromotive force is generated to adjust the oscillation in circuits. It is found that field coupling can modulate the synchronization behaviors of chaotic circuits. In case of periodical oscillating state, the synchronization between two periodical circuits under voltage coupling is destroyed when field coupling is considered. Furthermore, the synchronization between chaotic circuits becomes more difficult when field coupling is triggered. Open problems for this topic are proposed for further investigation.     

Synchronization of nonidentical chaotic fractional-order systems with different orders of fractional derivatives

This paper addresses the problem of synchronization of chaotic fractional-order systems with different orders of fractional derivatives. Based on the stability theory of fractional-order linear systems and the idea of tracking control, suitable controllers are correspondingly proposed for two cases: the first is synchronization between two identical chaotic fractional-order systems with different fractional orders, and the other is synchronization between two nonidentical fractional-order chaotic systems with different fractional orders. Three numerical examples illustrate that fast synchronization can be achieved even between a chaotic fractional-order system and a hyperchaotic fractional-order system.     

连续时间系统的混沌同步

本文讨论混沌连续时间系统的完全同步问题，提出一个构造混沌同步系统的新方法。这个方法基于线性系统的稳定性分析准则。通过对系统线性项与非线性项的适当分离，当系统的雅可比矩阵的所有特征值都具有负实部时，同步误差e(t)的线性系统是渐进稳定的，即可实现新系统和原系统的完全同步。新方法不需计算条件Lyapunov指数以作为判定同步的条件，因而比通用方法更为简单有效。新方法适用于自治或非自治系统，尤其适用于具有多于两个正Lyapunov指数的超混沌系统。甚至当初始同步误差极大时，也能实现理想的混沌同步。以Lorenz系统，耦合Duffing振子系统和超混沌Roessler系统作为算例。数值计算结果证实所提出方法的有效性和鲁棒性。     

有界噪声激励下Josephson系统的混沌运动

利用随机Melnikov方法分析了有界噪声激励下Josephson系统的运动,并运用均方准则得到了系统产生混沌的临界值。结果表明:有界噪声对系统混沌行为的产生起到了加速的作用;且有界噪声的强度越大,混沌吸引子的发散程度就越大。最后利用数值模拟得到系统的庞加莱映射,分析了在不同参数组合下系统庞加莱映射的特征。结果显示:当有界噪声中的一个参数发生改变,系统的庞加莱映射也会发生相应的改变;特别是有界噪声的激励强度增大时,系统庞加莱映射的发散程度也会随之增大。这从侧面验证了理论结果的正确性。     

Global finite-time synchronization of a class of the non-autonomous chaotic systems

This paper investigates the global finite-time synchronization of a class of the second-order nonautonomous chaotic systems via a master?Cslave coupling. A?continuous generalized linear state-error feedback controller with simple structure is introduced into the synchronization scheme. Some easily implemented algebraic criteria for achieving the global finite-time synchronization are proven and then optimized for the purposes of improving their sharpness. The optimized criteria are applied to a practical master?Cslave synchronization scheme for the single-machine-infinite-bus (SMIB) systems, obtaining the precise corresponding synchronization conditions. Several numerical examples are provided to illustrate the effectiveness of the new synchronization criteria.     

Synchronization of a novel fractional order stretch-twist-fold (STF) flow chaotic system and its application to a new authenticated encryption scheme (AES)

In this paper, a new fractional order stretch-twist-fold (STF) flow dynamical system is proposed. The stability analysis of the proposed system equilibria is accomplished and we establish that the system is exhibited chaos even for order less than 3. The active control method is applied to enquire the hybrid phase synchronization between two identical fractional order STF flow chaotic systems. These synchronized systems are applied to formulate an authenticated encryption scheme newly for message (text and image) recovery. It is widely applied in the field of secure communication. Numerical simulations are presented to validate the effectiveness of the proposed theory.     

Adaptive feedback control and synchronization of non-identical chaotic fractional order systems

This paper addresses the reliable synchronization problem between two non-identical chaotic fractional order systems. In this work, we present an adaptive feedback control scheme for the synchronization of two coupled chaotic fractional order systems with different fractional orders. Based on the stability results of linear fractional order systems and Laplace transform theory, using the master-slave synchronization scheme, sufficient conditions for chaos synchronization are derived. The designed controller ensures that fractional order chaotic oscillators that have non-identical fractional orders can be synchronized with suitable feedback controller applied to the response system. Numerical simulations are performed to assess the performance of the proposed adaptive controller in synchronizing chaotic systems.     

Synchronization between fractional-order Ravinovich–Fabrikant and Lotka–Volterra systems

This article examines the synchronization performance between two fractional-order systems, viz., the Ravinovich?CFabrikant chaotic system as drive system and the Lotka?CVolterra system as response system. The chaotic attractors of the systems are found for fractional-order time derivatives described in Caputo sense. Numerical simulation results which are carried out using Adams?CBoshforth?CMoulton method show that the method is reliable and effective for synchronization of nonlinear dynamical evolutionary systems. Effects on synchronization time due to the presence of fractional-order derivative are the key features of the present article.     

Complex modified projective synchronization of two chaotic complex nonlinear systems

In this paper, we present a novel type of synchronization called complex modified projective synchronization (CMPS) and study it to a system of two chaotic complex nonlinear 3-dimensional flows, possessing chaotic attractors. Based on the Lyapunov function approach, a scheme is designed to achieve CMPS for such pairs of (either identical or different) complex systems. Analytical expressions for the complex control functions are derived using this scheme to achieve CMPS. This type of complex synchronization is considered as a generalization of several kinds of synchronization that have appeared in the recent literature. The master and slave chaotic complex systems achieved CMPS can be synchronized through the use of a complex scale matrix. The effectiveness of the obtained results is illustrated by a studying two examples of such coupled chaotic attractors in the complex domain. Numerical results are plotted to show the rapid convergence of modulus errors to zero, thus demonstrating that CMPS is efficiently achieved.