贯流风机涡结构与噪声特性的数值研究

本文采用大涡模拟对空调室内机中贯流风机的内流进行了数值计算,结果显示了以偏心涡为代表的复杂非定常流动细节.计算结果表明,贯流风机气流两次进出叶轮,叶片尾缘、蜗舌处出现明显的脱落涡结构.叶轮周围监测点上出现了三个特征频率,分别对应叶片通过频率、叶片脱落涡频率以及蜗舌后缘的脱落涡频率,不同的特征点上表现出不同的频谱特性.另外,通过LEE方程中的声源项分布得到了贯流风机的主要噪声源区域,继而对蜗舌和叶轮等主要音源表面的远场辐射噪声频谱进行了分析,为后续的实验研究提供参考.     

横流风机轴向交错叶轮的噪声研究

本文研究了横流风机轴向交错叶轮的气动及噪声特性。首先进行了横流风机的气动性能实验并开展数值解析。用数值解析得到的固壁表面脉动压力进行噪声预测,噪声预测模型采用Farassat 1A方程。在预测过程中对叶轮交错角做出假设,转化成各节叶轮流场的时间延迟,并考虑了风机轴向长度带来的影响。计算结果给出了单一叶片周向旋转噪声辐射的分布情况,分析了噪声源的位置和机理。预测的远场声压从时域和频域与相应的五种具有不同轴向交错角度叶轮的实验结果相验证,揭示了风机的叶片通过频率噪声随叶轮交错角度的变化规律。     

贯流风机内动静干扰发声机理的研究

本文通过实验与数值计算方法,探讨了贯流风机内动静干扰的现象及其诱导的噪声特性.文中给出了贯流风机流场的三维大涡数值计算结果,分析了声源场的特性,指出贯流风机流场具有较强的随机性。分别对直叶轮及斜叶轮气动性能及远场噪声进行实验测量,讨论了两种叶轮的优劣性。使用微压传感器对蜗舌出口处边界层压力脉动进行采集,给出了此处边界层辐射噪声源的相关分析.通过对实验结果分析指出声源脉动的宽频特性是被测风机噪声呈现宽频的主要原因。     

大小叶片贯流风机内流特性分析与实验研究

为降低空调用贯流风机的噪声,改善音质,通过采用直叶片贯流风轮达到斜扭叶片贯流风轮的音质和低噪声特性,从而降低贯流风轮的制造成本,本文设计了大小叶片交错组合的新型非等距贯流风机,并采用滑动网格对其内流特性进行了非定常数值模拟,同时对其气动噪声特性进行了实验研究.大小叶片贯流风机的偏心涡基本稳定在叶轮中心与蜗舌相连的切线上,位于叶轮内圆周附近.风轮非定常运转时,偏心涡的涡核位置在直径为2mm的圆所围成的区域内变化.大小叶片交错组合的贯流风轮改变了叶轮与蜗舌的间距,有效地降低叶片通过频率噪声并改善了音质.采用大小叶片交错组合的贯流风轮能够达到斜扭叶片贯流风机的降噪效果.     

变工况下前弯离心风机宽带噪声的数值模拟及分析

为了解前弯离心风机不同工况下宽带噪声的变化规律及特性,本文以一款前弯高压离心风机为研究对象,针对带宽频特征的涡流噪声,运用基于Lighthill理论的FW-H方程和Proudman方程对前弯离心风机近场、远场噪声进行积分计算,通过三维非定常与定常数值模拟研究了其在设计流量,大流量与小流量三个运行工况下的噪声频谱特性,以及风机叶轮、蜗壳的宽带噪声分布特性,并将模拟结果与试验进行了对比验证。结果表明,该风机噪声宽频特性随流量增大变得明显。叶轮处宽带噪声声功率最高出现在离蜗舌最近的两个叶片上,蜗壳处宽带噪声最大声功率级主要出现在蜗舌处。     

倾斜叶片对多翼离心风机性能影响的研究

本文应用大涡模拟及边界元法研究了倾斜叶片对多翼离心风机气动声学性能的影响。研究结果表明,相较于传统直叶片叶轮,倾斜叶片叶轮在出口角度不变时因叶片发生扭转,会略微降低风机流量。采用倾斜叶片,可以减小叶道中的流动分离区域,减弱流动分离程度。前盘侧间隙泄漏量随着前盘侧叶轮外径的减小而减少,倾斜叶片叶轮出口角度的变化对于泄漏量影响较大。倾斜叶片叶轮在前盘侧叶轮外径减小时,可以减少风机噪声。     

贯流风机变斜式叶轮和常规直叶轮的对比研究

本文对贯流风机变斜式叶轮和常规直叶轮进行了三维数值模拟和实验研究。结果表明贯流风机内部偏心涡的位置沿轴向具有明显的三维分布特征,两者偏心涡的圆周位置沿轴向不断变化,而直叶轮偏心涡的径向位置沿轴向的分布几乎没有变化。变斜式叶轮中偏心涡的位置更加靠近叶轮内圆周和风机的蜗舌。采用变斜式叶轮可以降低叶片通过频率噪声并改善音质。为验证本计算方法的可靠性,计算的流量和压力特性曲线和实验结果进行了比较,吻合良好。     

SCO2离心压气机非定常凝结特性及DMD分析

本文采用雷诺平均Navier-Stoke方程对离心压气机进行了非定常数值模拟,获得了叶轮内凝结的非定常演化过程。结果表明,受蜗壳非对称结构影响,在一个叶轮旋转周期内叶片前缘压力面凝结区出现了三角形分布。与叶顶间隙内凝结相关的高能量比模态主要有：平均流动模态、与叶频(BPF)相关的三种模态(0.5BPF, 1.0BPF, 1.5BPF)。低静压条带LP1引起了这四种模态的局部扰动,模态扰动区与凝结区位置对应,进而从流场结构表明低静压条带LP1对叶顶间隙内凝结的影响。     

多翼离心风机气动噪声的数值分析

多翼离心风机叶片短、流道窄,叶轮出口流速分布不均,引起叶轮与蜗壳干涉作用加剧。本文探讨流场与声场非定常耦合机理,根据声类比理论分析其偶极子声源产生的气动噪声。利用直接边界元声学求解方法建立以蜗壳为界的内外声学模型,分析蜗壳对声传播的散射作用,内部噪声通过蜗壳的进出口传播到风机外部。结果表明:从监测点声压级频谱及A计权声压级分布观察,声压级分布在低频段呈宽频分布,在基频与其倍频处出现波峰并呈逐渐衰减趋势,说明该多翼离心风机气动噪声受叶片周期性旋转压力脉动影响较大。对比噪声测试结果,相对误差为2%以内,分析计算与试验相符。     

前置导叶对横流风机性能及气动噪声的影响

在横流风机叶轮前加前置导叶(IGV)可以改善横流风机的进口流场,减少叶片上的流动分离,进而降低横流风机的功率。采用非结构化网格RNGκ-ε两方程模型,分别对不加IGV、加IGV1,以及IGV2的横流风机内部流场进行数值模拟,并对三种情况进行气动性能及噪声试验。数值模拟和试验结果表明在加不同IGV以后,横流风机的噪声增大,但是功率在加IGV2后出现了一定的降低。     

Guided-Wave Two-Dimensional Acousto-Optic Scanner Using Proton-Exchanged Lithium Niobate Waveguide

Two-dimensional scanning of a 0.6328 mum guided-light beam has been realized using noncolinear acousto-optic (AO) coplanar Bragg diffraction together with colinear AO guided-mode to substrate radiation-mode conversion in a Z-cut Xpropagation LiNbO3 proton-exchanged (PE) waveguide. The two surface acoustic (SAW) waves utilized are at the center frequencies of 500 and 200 MHz, propagating in the Y and X axes, respectively. Two-dimensional scanning of approximately 720 resolvable light beam spots, namely, 18 40 (horizontal vertical) scanning, has been demonstrated using a light beam of 1.0 mm aperture. The total number of resolvable beam spots can be greatly increased from 720 by simply utilizing SAW transducers of larger bandwidth and a light beam of greater aperture. It should also be possible to significantly increase the diffraction efficiency from 3 % by optimizing the parameters of the PE waveguide and the SAWs.     

Femtosecond Transform-Limited Pulse Generation by Compensating for the Linear Chirp of SPM Spectra in Dispersion Shifted Fibers

A simple technique of pulse compression, based on the linear chirp compensation of self-phase modulation (SPM) spectra in dispersion shifted fibers, is demonstrated. The optimization procedure is carried out, for a short span of a single-mode fiber, using a parabolic law, which describes the behavior of the squared output pulse width versus the pump peak power in the case of Gaussian pulses. The experimental results give a minimum pulse duration of 233 fs, which is in good agreement with the model. Shorter and coherent pulses, down to 90 fs, have been obtained by inserting an interference filter at the optical output.     

Effect ofγ-radiation on the spectral luminescence characteristics of impure cadmium tungstate crystals

Results of a study of the effect of γ-radiation on the spectral luminescence properties of cadmium tungstate crystals doped with silver, bismuth, and molybdenum cations are presented. Spectral characteristics of the nondnnnoped crystals are briefly described. Absorption and photo and X-ray luminescence spectra of the crystals taken before and after exposure to γ-radiation (5.5·10⁴ Gy) are compared. It is found that the spectral characteristics of the crystals doped with silver, bismuth, and molybdenum cations do not change markedly after the exposure. The relation between the type of impurity-induced defects, individual characteristics of the impurity cations, and the character of the effect of γ-radiation on the spectral luminescence properties of impure crystals is analyzed (preliminarily). Translated from Zhurnal Prikladnoi Spektroskopii, Vol. 64, No. 1, pp. 55–60, January–February, 1997.     

Theoretical analysis and simulation of conjugate heights for dual-conjugate AO system in lidar

A multi-conjugate adaptive optics （MCAO） can offer a possibility of widening field of view （FOV） characterized by the isoplanatic angle, and the choose of conjugate height becomes a basic problem for MCAO, which influences the size of iosplanatic angle. Considering the application of lidar, the isoplanatic angle＇s expressions of two deformable mirrors （DMs） MCAO for uplink and downlink are deduced. The effects of conjugate heights for dual-conjugate AO are thoughtfully discussed, and the isoplanatic angles are further analyzed. The results show that the isopanatic angle varies with the conjugate height and reaches the maximum as the conjugate height is at the optimal altitude. Moreover, the optimal conjugate height changes with the propagation distance.     

Quick single-photon detector with many avalanche photo diodes working on the time division

Due to the limit of response speed of the present single-photon detector, the code rate is still too low to come into practical use for the present quantum key distribution (QKD) system.A new idea is put up to design a quick single-photon detector.This quick single-photon detector is composed of a multi-port optic-fiber splitter and many avalanche photo diodes (APDs).Au of the ports with APDs work on the time division and cooperate with a logic discriminating and deciding unit driven by the clock signal.The operation frequency lies on the number N of ports, and can reach N times of the conventional single-photon detector.The single-photon prompt detection can come true for high repetition-rate pulses.The applying of this detector will largely raise the code rate of the QKD, and boost the commercial use.     

Sorting of bending magnets for the SSRF booster

The Shanghai Synchrotron Radiation Facility(SSRF)booster ring,a full energy injector for the storage ring,is deigned to accelerate the electron beam energy from 150MeV to 3.5GeV that demands high extraction efficiency at the extraction energy with low beam loss rate when electrons are ramping.Closed orbit distortion(COD)caused by bending magnet field uniformity errors which affects the machine performance harmfully could be effectively reduced by bending magnet location sorting.Considering the affections of random errors in measurement,both ideal sorting and realistic sorting are studied based on measured bending magnet field uniformity errors and one reasonable combination of bending magnets which can reduce the horizontal COD by a factor of 5is given as the final installation sequence of the booster bending magnets in this paper.     

Improvement of four-wave mixing-based wavelength conversion efficiency in dispersion shifted fiber by 40-GHz clock pumping

40-GHz clock modulated signal as a pump to improve the efficiency of four-wave mixing (FWM)-based wavelength conversion in a 26.5-km dispersion shifted fiber (DSF) is investigated. The experimental results demonstrate that the conjugated FWM component has higher intensity with the clock pumping than that with the continuous-wave (CW) light pumping. The improvement of FWM-based wavelength conversion efficiency is negligible when the pump power is less than Brillouin threshold. But when the pump power is greater than Brillouin threshold, the improvement becomes significant and increases with the increment of pump power. The improvement can increase up to 9 dB if pump power reaches 17 dBm.     

Characterization of PolyA and PolyC mismatches by Raman spectroscopy

A.C mismatches are studied by Raman spectral characterization of PolyA, PolyC, and their equimolar complex in solution of 0.14 mol/L Na ,pH7.0.Experimental results show that A·C mismatches occur to be A/B (mainly A) conformers, and unlike Watson-Crick base pairing, this kind of mismatches is stabilized by only one hydrogen bond involving cytosine N4H2 and adenine N7.The formation of A·C complex makes the base stacking interactions much stronger, and conformation of the backbone more ordered, which leads to obvious Raman hypochromic effect with some shifts in corresponding bands.