层状液晶中水溶性超微粒子材料[Co(NH~3)~6]Cl~3的制备

利用溶剂在层状液晶中的渗透性和层状液晶中溶剂厚度的限定性, 在TritonX-100/C~10H~21OH/H~2O体系层状液晶中, 以4%Co(NH~3)~6]Cl~3水溶液组分水制备水溶性超微粒子材料[Co(NH~3)~6]Cl~3, 粒径约为3~6nm。     

Synthesis of ethyl 3-aryl-1-methyl-8-oxo- 8H-anthra[9,1-gh]quinoline-2-carboxylates as dyes for potential application in liquid crystal displays

[reaction: see text] Two new fluorescent ethyl 3-aryl-1-methyl-8-oxo-8H-anthra[9,1-gh]quinoline-2-carboxylates have been synthesized for the first time by cyclization of 3-(arylidene-amino)-benzo[de]anthracen-7-ones with 3-oxo-butyric acid ethyl ester. The cyclization reaction was investigated with and without concentrated hydrochloric acid as a catalyst. New dyes have shown a very good orientation parameter (S(A)) in nematic liquid crystal, indicating a high potential for application in liquid crystal displays.     

Chirality-induced phase transitions in some liquid crystalline binary mixtures

Novel binary mixtures have been prepared between an optically active antiferroelectric liquid crystal, (S)-4-(1-methylheptyloxycarbonyl)phenyl 4'-octyloxy-biphenyl-4-carboxylate, and an optically active twin liquid crystal, (R)-3-methyladipic acid bis[4-(5-octyl-2-(pyrimidinyl)phenyl] ester, and the liquid crystalline properties investigated. The stability of each liquid crystal phase was found to decrease by mixing these two liquid crystalline materials. Furthermore, a phase diagram between these compounds showed a clear discontinuity in phase sequences. These results indicate that the liquid crystal phases are different in nature between these materials. The mixture consisting of the antiferroelectric material (40 per cent) and the twin material (60 per cent) shows an unusual liquid crystal phase, where the texture is similar to that reported for the twist grain boundary (TGB) phase. Related binary mixtures have been prepared between optically active or racemic materials, where the chirality of the system is expected to be altered systematically. The TGB phase was found to be induced only in the mixture between the optically active materials. Two kinds of effect on the appearance of the TGB phase, i.e. a strong helical structure induced by the optically active twin liquid crystal and a decrease of the smectic layer strength achieved by mixing between two types of liquid crystalline materials, are discussed.     

Synthesis and characterisation of star-shaped liquid crystalline polymer with a POSS core

The star-shaped POSS-graft-LCP with POSS as the core and liquid crystal polymer, poly{6-(4?-octyloxyphenyl-4″-benzoyl)hexyl acrylate}, as arms was prepared by atom transfer radical polymerisation technique using octa(3-chloropropyl) polyhedral oligomeric silsesquioxane [POSS-(CH₂CH₂CH₂Cl)₈] as initiator. For comparison, the linear liquid crystal polymer, poly{6-(4?-octyloxyphenyl-4″-benzoyl)hexyl acrylate} (LLCP), was obtained by conventional radical polymerisation. Both liquid crystal polymers were characterised by FT-IR, ¹H NMR, ¹³C NMR, gel permeation chromatography, thermogravimetric analysis, differential scanning calorimetry, polarised optical microscopy and X-ray diffraction analysis. The liquid crystal phase behaviour research demonstrated that both liquid crystal polymers were reversible thermotropic nematic liquid crystal materials. The number of polymerisation degree of every arm attached on POSS in POSS-graft-LCP impacted greatly on the liquid crystal properties and only a small one was necessary for it to exhibit a broad liquid crystal range. Results further demonstrated that the special star-shaped topology of POSS and the eight arms attached helped POSS-graft-LCP form and stabilise liquid crystal phase easily. This research may further expand the way to star-shaped LCPs by employing a variety of (meth)acrylate and other vinyl liquid crystalline monomers.     

meso-四(间烷氧基苯基)卟啉及其铜配合物的合成、 表征和性能研究

设计合成了meso-四(间烷氧基苯基)卟啉及其19个铜配合物, 其中16个为未见报道的化合物. 研究了其合成、分离、纯化方法, 得到了这两个系列化合物的晶体或固体, 其结构经 1H NMR, MS, IR, UV和元素分析确证. 研究了这两个系列化合物的液晶性能, 发现13个化合物具有液晶性, 其液晶行为表现为升温单变液晶. 还研究了烷氧基链长、金属离子和分子空间结构对卟啉化合物液晶性能的影响.     

Solid-state linear-dichroic infrared (IR-LD) spectroscopic and theoretical characterization of 2-[(2-ethoxy-3,4-dioxocyclobut-1-en-yl)amino]propanamide

2-[(2-Ethoxy-3,4-dioxocyclobut-1-en-yl)amino]propanamide (N-alaninamidoamide of squaric acid ethyl ester) has been characterized structurally and spectroscopically by ab initio calculations and IR-LD spectroscopy of oriented crystals suspended in a nematic liquid crystal. The results are compared with single crystal X-ray structures illustrating the possibilities of this experimental approach to obtaining structural information as well as assigning IR bands.     

V-shaped switching in ferroelectric liquid crystal mixtures induced by an achiral swallow-tailed material

A new ferroelectric liquid crystal, 1-ethylpropyl ( S )-2-[2-fluoro-4-(4'-decyloxybiphenylcarbonyloxy) benzoyloxy] propanoate, F , was synthesized and mixed with an achiral swallow-tailed material, 2-propylpentyl 4-(4'-nonyloxybiphenyl-4-carbonyloxy) benzoate, P , for the preparation of binary mixtures for the study. The binary mixtures gave a phase sequence SmA * -SmC * -SmX * . The electro-optic response of the mixtures in the ferroelectric SmC * phase was investigated. V-shaped switching was observed as the amount of the achiral swallow-tailed material became greater than 20 wt %. This result suggests that thresholdless, V-shaped switching in ferroelectric liquid crystal mixtures can be achieved by mixing a ferroelectric liquid crystal with an achiral swallow-tailed compound.     

1,3-双[4-(4'-甲基)-氧化偶氮苯基-苯氧羰基]苯氧甲基-1,1,3,3- 四甲基二硅 氧烷的合成、晶体结构和液晶性能

合成了[CH3(C6H4)N2O(C6H4)COO(C6H4)OCH2Si(CH3)2]2O,经IR,1^HNMR和元素分析表征,并测定其单晶结构。结果表明,晶体属单斜晶系,空间群为P21/c,晶胞参数a=1.7557(1),b=1.0938(9),c=2.3300(1)nm,β=105.6(6)°,V=4.3116nm^3,Mr=855.07,Z=4,Dc=1.317g/cm^3,μ(CuKα)=6.335cm^-1,F(000)=900,最终的偏离因子R=0.0837,Rw=0.0913。该分子中,柔性的四甲基二硅氧烷嵌段与氧化偶介晶基团形成ABA结构齐聚物。两条刚性的介晶基链节的轴向几乎平行向上伸出。径长比(L/D)为4.23.该液晶化合物的要变温度K174.4N226.8Ⅰ.通过结构分析,讨论了该类化合物的结构对液晶相变行为的影响。     

Bistable ferroelectric liquid crystal photoswitch triggered by a dithienylethene dopant

The spontaneous polarization (PS) of a ferroelectric liquid crystal is modulated reversibly by photocyclization of the dopant 1,2-bis[5'-(4' '-heptyloxyphenyl)-2'-methylthien-3'-yl]perfluorocyclopentene. The magnitude of PS photomodulation increases with dopant concentration up to 3 mol %, and the resulting photoswitch is fatigue resistant and bistable. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first example of a bistable ferroelectric liquid crystal photoswitch to be reported in the literature.     

Physicochemical properties, structure, and conformations of 1-Butyl-3-methylimidazolium bis(trifluoromethanesulfonyl)imide [C4mim]NTf2 ionic liquid

Thermodynamic properties of 1-butyl-3-methylimidazolium bis(trifluoromethanesulfonyl)imide ([C4mim]NTf2) ionic liquid have been studied by adiabatic calorimetry in the temperature range of 5 to 370 K. This compound has been found to form crystal, liquid, and glass. The temperature and enthalpy of fusion for [C(4)mim]NTf(2) have been determined to be T(fus) = 270.22 +/- 0.02 K and Delta(fus)H = 23.78 +/- 0.04 kJ.mol(-1), respectively. The heat capacity of crystalline [C(4)mim]NTf(2) in the T range of 205 to 255 K may vary by a few percent, subject to the procedure of the crystal preparation. The glass transition temperature for [C(4)mim]NTf(2) has been found to be T(g) = 181.5 +/- 0.1 K. On the basis of the results of DFT quantum chemical calculations, the experimental vibrational spectra, and the available literature data, thermodynamic properties of [C(4)mim]NTf(2) in the ideal-gas state have been calculated by the statistical thermodynamic methods. The entropy values for the gaseous compound obtained from the experimental data and the calculations are in satisfactory agreement.     

V-shaped switching in ferroelectric liquid crystal mixtures induced by an achiral swallow-tailed material

A new ferroelectric liquid crystal, 1-ethylpropyl (S)-2-[2-fluoro-4-(4′-decyloxybiphenylcarbonyloxy) benzoyloxy] propanoate, F, was synthesized and mixed with an achiral swallow-tailed material, 2-propylpentyl 4-(4′-nonyloxybiphenyl-4-carbonyloxy) benzoate,P, for the preparation of binary mixtures for the study. The binary mixtures gave a phase sequence SmA* -SmC* -SmX*. The electro-optic response of the mixtures in the ferroelectric SmC* phase was investigated. V-shaped switching was observed as the amount of the achiral swallow-tailed material became greater than 20 wt %. This result suggests that thresholdless, V-shaped switching in ferroelectric liquid crystal mixtures can be achieved by mixing a ferroelectric liquid crystal with an achiral swallow-tailed compound.     

Liquid structure of the ionic liquid 1,3-dimethylimidazolium bis[(trifluoromethyl)sulfonyl]amide

Neutron diffraction has been used to determine the liquid structure of 1,3-dimethylimidazolium bis[(trifluoromethyl)sulfonyl]amide ([dmim][NTf2]). Significantly smaller charge ordering is found in this liquid compared with analogous chloride and hexafluorophosphate salts due to the diffuse charge density and size of the [NTf2]- anion. This is manifested in a much larger cation-cation and cation-anion separation and an overlap of the cation-cation and cation-anion shells. Comparison of the liquid structure with the crystal structure reported by Holbrey et al. (Dalton Trans. 2004, 2267) indicates little correlation, for example, the [NTf2]- anion adopts a trans orientation predominantly in the liquid whereas a cis orientation is found in the solid phase.     

Bi6F11]7+--an unusual, highly charged bismuth fluoro complex in (Se4)[Bi6F11][AsF6]9.10 SO2

A unique, highly charged cationic bismuth fluoro cluster [Bi6F11]7+, embedded in the complex crystal structure of (Se4)2+[Bi6F11]7+[AsF6-]9.10 SO2, was synthesized from Bi2Se3 and AsF5 in liquid SO2.     

Oscillating Frequency Response of a Langasite Crystal Microbalance in Liquid Phase

The frequency responses of a langasite crystal microbalance （LCM） in liquid phase were investigated. It was shown that the LCM possessed much stronger oscillating ability in liquid phase than that of the commonly used quartz crystal microbalance （QCM）. The frequency shifts of the LCM to the changes in mass loading, as well as viscosity and density of the liquid were measured. The LCM was applied to monitor the adsorption process of an ionic liquid film to ethanol vapor.     

Photochemistry and mobility of stilbenoid dendrimers in their neat phases

Selectively deuterated, dodecyloxy substituted stilbenoid dendrimers of the first and second generation were synthesized by a convergent synthesis, using the Wittig-Horner reaction. The photochemistry and the fluorescence in the different crystalline and liquid crystalline phases were investigated. Molecules deuterated at the alpha-position of the alkoxy chains were used to study the photoreactions in the neat phases by 1H NMR. Reactions of the double bonds are exclusively observed in the liquid crystal phases. No photoreactions occur in the crystalline state. The mobility of the dendrimers was studied by means of 2H solid-state NMR spectroscopy. The onset of the photochemistry for dendrimer 1 [all-(E)-1,3,5-tris[2-(3,4,5-tridodecyloxyphenyl)ethenyl]benzene] corresponds to the increasing mobility at the Cr/LC transition. The first generation dendrimers still show large angle motion, whereas dendrimers of the second generation 2 [all-(E)-1,3,5-tris(2-[3,5-bis[2-(3,4,5-tridodecyloxyphenyl)ethenyl]phenyl]ethenyl)benzene] are restricted to librational motions. Photochemical conversion and fluorescence quenching for first and second generation dendrimers 1 and 2 increase with increasing molecular motion and reach a maximum in the isotropic phase.     

A comparison of ferroelectric liquid crystals containing diastereomeric propionic acids derived from natural ethyl lactate

Two diastereomeric carboxylic acids, 2(S)-[2(R)-methylhexyloxy]propionic acid and 2(S)[2(S)-methylhexyloxy]propionic acid, were prepared from ethyl (S)-lactate and (R)-1-iodo2-methylhexane or (S)-1-iodo-2-methylhexane in the presence of Ag₂O. From these acids two liquid crystals, 2 and 3 , whose configurations are (S , R ) and (S, S) were synthesized and their liquid crystal properties investigated. Although both LCs have the same phase sequence Cr-SmC*-N*-I as well as a wide SmC* phase range, the influence of the relative stereochemistry on their physical properties is clear. The liquid crystal with (S, S)-configuration possesses better properties: lower SmC* phase transition temperature, wider SmC* phase range and higher P_s value. The P_s value difference between the ferroelectric LCs 2 and 3 (97 and 131nCcm^-2, respectively, at T_c - T = 10°C) is unexpectedly large. The consideration, alone, of a zigzag conformation at the chiral molecular part of 2 and 3 is insufficient to explain such a difference.     

The role of a liquid crystal oligomer in stabilizing blue phases

A novel liquid crystal oligomer, 4‐(4‐cyanophenyl)phenyl 4‐octyloxy‐2‐{7‐{4‐[4‐(4‐hexylphenyl)‐2,3‐difluorophenyl]phenyloxy}heptanoyloxy}benzoate, was prepared and found to exhibit a wide temperature range of a nematic phase in spite of being far from a rod‐like structure. Furthermore, the compound induced blue phases in the mixture with a chiral smectic liquid crystal. The molecular shape and its 2,3‐difluorophenyl unit play a role in stabilizing the blue phases.     

A greener electrochromic liquid crystal based on ionic liquid electrolytes

An electrochromic liquid crystal (ECLC) material composed of only liquid crystal (LC) and ionic liquid (IL) was developed. The LC containing the substituted diphenylacetylene serves as electrochromic (EC) material to realise transmittance and colour change under the direct current (DC) field, while the IL with the designable cation and anion served as electrolyte. Herein, a series of IL electrolytes was screened to investigate how IL tunes the electro-optic performance of the ECLC cell. By testing the electrochemistry window of ILs in EC cells, IL with the [NTf₂]^? anion shows adequate electrochemical stability when the EC material undergoes oxidation and reduction. The electro-optic performance of ECLC containing 1-ethoxy-4-[2-(4-pentylphenyl) ethynyl]-benzene (PEB) and IL was then evaluated by UV-vis spectrometry under the control of an electrochemical work station. Compared with other PEB-IL, PEB-[Bmim][NTf₂] with [Bmim][NTf₂] electrolyte shows a satisfactory transmittance at low operating voltage. Furthermore, Pd NPs in situ formed in [Bmim][NTf₂] reduced the EC potential and improved the light scattering of the ECLC cell. In this work, we also designed a bifunctional device based on polymer dispersed liquid crystal (PDLC) that hosts electrochromic guest molecules, and analysed the electro-optical and electrochromic properties of LC electrolyte mixtures, in order to gain control of the incident daylight and glare in building and automotive applications.     

meso-四(邻烷氧基苯基)卟啉合锌的合成、表征和性能研究

用邻烷氧基苯甲醛与吡咯缩合合成meso-四(邻烷氧基苯基)卟啉, 再与醋酸锌配合反应合成了meso-四(邻烷氧基苯基)卟啉合锌配合物10个, 其中未见文献报道的配合物9个, 得到该系列配合物的晶体或固体. 用¹H NMR, MS, IR, UV, 元素分析等表征确证了该系列配合物的结构. 用差示扫描量热法和偏光显微镜研究了该系列配合物的液晶性能, 发现6个配合物具有液晶性, 其液晶行为表现为升温单变液晶.     

Synthesis and Characterization of [Cu(N-MeIm)4(BF4)2] in Ionic Liquid

A new transition metal complex, [Cu(N-MeIm)₄(BF₄)₂](N-MeIm=N-methylated imidazoles, BF₄= tetrafluoroborate), was synthesized via the solvothermal method in ionic liquid. The ionic liquid acts as thermal decomposition reaction medium, soft temple agent and ligand compound. The central Cu(II) ion is coordinated by four N atoms from four N-methylated imidazole ligands, and the four N-methylated imidazole rings are perpendicular to each other. The crystal structure of [Cu(N-MeIm)₄(BF₄)₂] was determined by single crystal X-ray diffraction. The results of thermogravimetry(TG) and Fourier transform infrared spectrometry(FTIR) analyses were in accordance with that of crystal structure. The complex showed strong ligand-based absorbance with maximum wavelength at 208 and 231 nm, which are attributed to π-π^* transition of the N-methylated imidazole ligands.