TDDFT Studies of Electronic Structure and First Hyperpolarizability of Tetra-nuclear Cubane-like Transition Metal Clusters

A series of tri-nuclear transition metal clusters with incomplete cubane-like configurations have been studied by TDDFT method. The calculations show that they have enormously large second-order polarizabilities () and are potential nonlinear optical materials for infrared double frequency conversion1. In this paper some tetra-nuclear transition metal clusters with cubane-like configurations, MCu3X4 (PPh3)3 (M=W, Mo; X= S, O, Cl, Se, Br), were studied by TDDFT method for a reference…     

Optical Properties of Noble Metal Clusters in Ultrathin Solid Films

We report on the optical properties (absorption, Raman response) of thin and ultrathin phthalocyanine and amorphous silicon films with incorporated noble metal clusters. The metal clusters cause the typical absorption features originating from their surface plasmon resonance. In ultrathin films, due to the spatially close interface, the plasmon absorption may be displaced from its resonance frequency in the bulk, and its average position may be controlled by the average thickness of the ultrathin optical film. For example, we observe a shift of the plasmon resonance of silver clusters in amorphous silicon films (on fused silica) from 440 nm to 740 nm, when the silicon thickness increases from zero up to 9 nm. The deposition experiments are accompanied by investigations of the film structure, particularly in order to estimate the silver cluster diameter, which is around 3 nm or less.     

Evolution of Structural, Electronic and Optical Properties of Monoclinic ZrO2 under High Pressure： A First Principles Study

The structural, electronic and optical properties of the monoclinic ZrO2 were studied by ab initio calculations based on the density functional theory and pseudopotential method. The calculated lattice parameters and band gap are in agreement with the experimental and other theoretical values. The evolution of lattice parameters and electronic properties were illustrated under high pressure. Meanwhile, the optical properties, such as adsorption coefficients, imaginary part of dielectric function, and energy loss function, were investigated under both ambient and high pressures.     

Electrodynamics of Noble Metal Nanoparticles and Nanoparticle Clusters

In this paper we examine the electrodynamics of silver nanoparticles and of clusters of nanoparticles, with an emphasis on extinction spectra and of electric fields near the particle surfaces that are important in determining surface-enhanced Raman (SER) intensities. The particles and clusters are chosen to be representative of what has been studied in recent work on colloids and with lithographically prepared particles. These include spheres, spheroids, truncated tetrahedrons, and clusters of two or three of these particles, with sizes that are too large to be described with simple electrostatic approximations but small compared to the wavelength of light. The electrodynamics calculations are mostly based on the discrete dipole approximation (DDA), which is a coupled-finite element approach which produces exact or nearly exact results for particles of arbitrary size and shape if fully converged. Mie theory results are used to study the validity of the DDA for spherical particles, and we also study the validity of the modified long wavelength approximation (MLWA), which is based on perturbative corrections to the electrostatic limit, and of the single dipole per particle approximation (SDA). The results show how the dipole plasmon resonance properties and the electric field contours around the particle vary with particle shape and size for isolated particles. For clusters of particles, we study the effect of interparticle spacing on plasmon resonance characteristics. We also show that the quadrupole resonance is much less sensitive to particle shape and interparticle interactions than the dipole plasmon resonance. These results provide benchmarks that will be used in future comparisons with experiment.     

形貌可控贵金属纳米颗粒的合成、光学性质及生长机制

近二十年来, 贵金属纳米颗粒由于其独特的性质, 已成为人们广泛研究的课题. 研究人员应用多种方法来合成纳米尺度的贵金属材料并且探讨了纳米材料的性质与尺寸和形状的关系. 本文简单回顾贵金属纳米颗粒的合成方法, 主要讨论纳米颗粒的形状对其光学性质的影响和颗粒的生长机制, 最后简述贵金属纳米材料的应用前景.     

8-羟基喹啉过渡金属配合物电子光谱和二阶非线性光学性质的 DFT研究

使用含时密度泛函理论(TDDFT)B3LYP方法计算了IB, IIB, VIIIB过渡金属与8-羟基喹啉络合(MQ)后, 配合物的电子光谱以及二阶非线性光学性质. 结果表明, 掺杂过渡金属后, 形成络合物的能隙值减小100～150 kJ/mol, 最大吸收波长红移150～200 nm左右. 电子从基态到激发态的跃迁主要为p→p*, n→p*跃迁, 属于LLCT, MLCT过程. IB的络合物MQ以及VIIIB的络合物MQ3表现出良好的非线性光学性质.     

Pyrene-Terminated Tin Sulfide Clusters: Optical Properties and Deposition on a Metal Surface

Herein, we present the synthesis of two pyrene-functionalized clusters, [(R^pyrSn)₄S₆]⋅2 CH₂Cl₂ ( 4 ) and [(R^pyrSn)₄Sn₂S₁₀]⋅n CH₂Cl₂ (n=4, 5 a ; n=2, 5 b ; R^pyr=CMe₂CH₂C(Me)N-NC(H)C₁₆H₉), both of which form in reactions of the organotin sulfide cluster [(R^NSn)₄S₆] ( C ; R^N=CMe₂CH₂C(Me)N-NH₂) with the well-known fluorescent dye 1-pyrenecarboxaldehyde ( B ). In contrast, reactions using an organotin sulfide cluster with another core structure, [(R^NSn)₃S₄Cl] ( A ), leads to formation of small molecular fragments, [(R^pyrCl₂Sn)₂S] ( 1 ), (pyren-1-ylmethylene)hydrazine ( 2 ), and 1,2-bis(pyren-1-ylmethylene)hydrazine ( 3 ). Besides synthesis and structures of the new compounds, we report the influence of the inorganic core on the optical properties of the dye, which was analyzed exemplarily for compound 5 a via absorption and fluorescence spectroscopy. This cluster was also used for exploring the potential of such non-volatile clusters for deposition on a metal surface under vacuum conditions.     

含碱金属分子簇体系的结构和NLO性质

采用MP2方法优化得到Li(HF)n(n=2~4)体系的三个环型结构. 使用高水平的从头算方法MP2/6-311++G(3df,3pd)计算了它们的偶极矩μ0、极化率α0和一阶超极化率β0. 得出了大的一阶超极化率的变化规律, 并揭示出额外电子是引起大一阶超极化率的主要原因.     

Comparative First‐Principles Study of Structural and Optical Properties of Alkali Metal Azides.

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract, please click on HTML or PDF.     

细菌吸附还原贵金属离子特性及表征

提炼、富集贵金属是细菌固定金属的重要用途．部分细菌还可还原金属离子,如海藻、枯草杆菌等均有较强的吸附、还原AU3+等金属离子的能力[1~3]．本文研究了从生态环境中筛选的几种细菌及其吸附、还原Pd2+、Pt4+、Au3+、Ag+、Rh3+等贵金属离子的特性,以期了解细菌固定金属的作用机制,提高细菌的还原能力,并将所得结果用于回收贵金属和制备高分散度贵金属催化剂．1实验部分D01细菌从生态环境中筛选、培养,并按常规微生物法制备大量菌体．所用仪器为SCR20BC高速冷冻离心机,BairdPS－4电感耦合等离子原子发射光谱仪,740SXFTIR光…     

Structural,Electronic and Optical Properties of Te-Doped GaAs Nanowires: the First Principles Study

The first-principles calculations have been performed to determine the effects of Te doping to the structural, electronic, and optical properties of Ga As NWs. The calculated formation energies show that the single Te energetically prefers to substitute the core Ga(Ef = 0.4111 eV) under As-rich conditions of Ga As nanowires, while on surface, the single Te tends to substitute the surface As site. With increasing the Te concentration, the favorable substitution sites are 2Te–Ga–A and 3Te–Ga–D. Thus, the stability of the structure of the electronic structure and optical properties are discussed.     

Catalytic and Optical Behavior of Polymer Embedded Metal Nanoparticles

Very small metal aggregates (nanoaggregates) embedded in an inert polymer matrix, which simply stabilizes the nanodispersion, show unique catalytic and optical behaviour. Indeed Ru-nanoparticles in vinyl-aromatic polymers or polyphosphazenes display an enhanced reactivity for hydrogenation of different groups, such as aromatic rings, keto and nitro groups, oximes and nitriles which are converted into the corresponding saturated derivatives under mild conditions. The optical properties of terthiophenethiol-coated gold nanoparticles in UHMWPE (concentration lower than 4 wt.%) are characterized by poor dichroism due to their centrosymmetric structure. High dichroism (R = 30 at 400 nm, DR = 30) is on the contrary recorded for the terthiophene band showing the chromophores to be sensitive to mechanical orientation also when complexed with gold. On the other hand, nanocomposites based on polymers containing vinyl alcohol units and dispersed gold nanoparticles with average diameter ranging from 3 to 20 nm have been efficiently prepared by an UV photo-reduction process. Uniaxial drawing of the irradiated Au/polymer nanocomposites favours the anisotropic distribution of packed assemblies of gold particles, providing oriented films with polarization-dependent tunable optical properties.     

糠醛系氮配位螯合树脂对贵金属元素的吸附性能

呋喃衍生物糠醛与二乙烯三胺反应制得了含有Schiff碱基,胺基及大共轭π键地的氮配位螯合树脂,应用电感耦合等离子体发射光谱研究了所得螯合树脂对贵金属元素Au,Pd,Pt,Rh,Ru,Ir及重金属元素Hg的吸附性能。结果表明,所得螯合树脂在较宽的酸度范围内能很好地吸附Au,Pd,Pt,Rh,Ru元素,具有优良的吸附选择性及较高的富集倍数,特别是对Au能达到定量吸附与洗脱,同时,在一定酸度条件下亦对Pt,Ir及Hg显示良好的吸附性能。     

三核欠完整立方烷金属原子簇二阶非线性光学性质的理论研究

研究了具有欠完整立方烷构型的过渡金属原子簇分子的二阶非线性光学性质。利用TDDFT方法计算了选取的簇分子及相应模拟构造分子的静态和动态的一阶非线性光学超级化率(ijk);并计算了不同金属、桥原子和配体以及簇芯对该类化合物一阶超级化率的影响。选取其中的一个簇分子为基本模型,分析了该分子的电子结构和分子轨道,在微观水平上阐述了其非线性光学性质的可能起源。认为由过渡金属和硫原子组成的簇芯和与桥原子相连的配体对该类簇合物的二阶非线性光学性质的起决定性的作用。     

贵金属组试剂聚硫醚吸附性能和应用的研究

我们合成了类似文献报道的聚硫醚(PTE)。通过各种性能实验,确定了试剂结构为HO CH_2—S CH_2OH,对Au、Pd、Pt、Rh、Ir、Ru、Os的吸附率在98％以上,且不吸附常见的非贵金属。分离富集效果优于文献。像PTE能吸附全部8个贵金属且饱和吸附容量非常大的吸着剂,尚属少见。     

聚合物负载贵金属催化剂的合成及其在氢化反应中的应用进展

聚合物负载贵金属催化剂大多具有良好的光学催化活性,并且反应后容易从反应物中分离,重复实用性高,成为近年来人们研究的热点。常见的聚合物载体主要为有机聚合物及多种无机-有机杂化材料。本文主要按聚合物载体种类的不同,综述了聚合物负载Pt、Pd、Rh等贵金属催化剂的制备方法及其在烯烃、二烯烃、炔烃和硝基芳香化合物等物质的催化氢化中的应用情况。同时,对以树形分子为载体的催化剂、负载多元金属催化剂以及负载金型催化剂的研究及应用情况也进行了总结和评述。     

The Structural and Electronic Properties of Tin-Based Heteroatom Clusters Studied by the Density Functional Theory

The focus of this study is on compound clusters and, due to the existence of many phases with different structural properties, tin-based materials have been chosen as the reference case. The clusters considered below are of two types: in the first case the clusters have the skeleton of the pure tin clusters and are doped with oxygen and aluminum atoms with composition Sn _x Y _y with Y = Al, O, x = 1, 10 and y = 1, 2. In the second case the clusters have a rutile lattice with a columnar or a spherical shape and a size up to 80 atoms and are doped with a number of aluminum atoms up to 20. The calculations are based on the Density Functional Theory (DFT) and the results describe the cluster structure, its binding energy and the density of states (DOS). The general indication of the calculations is that the additive coordinates outside, rather than inside, the pristine skeleton with the formation of hybrid bonds with properties similar to the ones of the host atoms. Also conspicuous effects of hybridization are observed in the electronic structure and, due to these effects, the binding energy may decrease with respect to the one in the undoped clusters.     

Electronic Structure and Optical Properties of the Surface F-Centers in MgO: A Theoretical Analysis by DFT Approach

Electronic structure of Mg9O9 and Mg9O8 clusters modeling nano-crystalline powders of magnesium oxide has been analyzed within the frames of the density functional theory (DFT). In the framework of time-dependent DFT method (TD-DFT), the relationship between the surface and bulk properties of nano-crystals is analyzed based on variations in the density of electronic states (DOS) and changes of electronic spectra. The spectroscopy of spatial defects like low-coordinated oxygen ions and of surface point defects like F⁺- and F-centers is investigated. Optical properties of the nano-sized crystalline magnesium oxide are characterized by a spectrum of absorption bands in the range of 1-5 eV. Point defects such as F-centers absorb light in the range of 1.2-1.5 eV. Spatial defects O_LC in nano-crystals generate absorption bands in the range of 2.5-5.0 eV. According to calculations, there is no direct relation between coordination numbers of surface ions and excitation energies. Theoretical excitation energies are compared with experimental optical properties of the F⁺- and F-centers.     

Structural Investigation of Small Nickel-Ethanol Clusters Using Vibrational Spectroscopy in a Molecular Beam

The structural identification of small nickel clusters with ethanol can help to understand fundamental steps for heterogenous catalysis. We investigate the rows [Ni_x(EtOH)₁]⁺ with x=1–4, and [Ni₂(EtOH)_y]⁺ with y=1–3 via IR photodissociation spectroscopy in a molecular beam experiment. Analyzing the CH- and OH-stretching frequencies and comparing these experimental results with density functional theory (DFT) calculations on the PW91/6-311+G(d,p) level leads to the identification of intact motifs for all clusters and hints for C−O cleavage of the ethanol in two particular cases. Furthermore, we analyze the effects of frequency shifts with the increasing clusters sizes using the results of natural bond orbitals (NBO) analyses and an energy decomposition method.