《斯德哥尔摩公约》与持久性有机污染物(POPs)

本文介绍持久性有机污染物的特性,《斯德哥尔摩公约》;削减和淘汰的12种持久性有机污染物的种类、结构、用途、危害及我国持久性有机污染物的现况。     

手性持久性有机污染物的环境界面过程及生态安全研究进展

随着越来越多分子中含有手性结构的持久性有机污染物(POPs)进入环境介质,对其环境界面过程及生态安全的研究已成为环境科学领域的一个热点.目前,有关手性POPs的研究主要集中在外消旋体水平上,在对映体层面研究环境中手性POPs的历史并不长.但由于手性POPs不同对映体在生物学效应方面存在显著的差异,因此,手性POPs环境行为及其潜在生态风险对映体选择性效应更应值得重视.本文将在对映体水平上对手性POPs在各环境介质中的迁移、转化、生物体内的富集以及毒理学效应等方面的研究进行综述.     

持久性有机化学污染物(POPs)的定性与定量分析

目前在持久性有机污染物研究方面出现了许多新的研究动向、研究计划相关环境条约以及新的名词.例如:POPs(Persistent Organic Pollutants)持久性有机污染物;PBT(Persistent Bioaccumulative& Toxic Chemicals);持久性生物可积累性毒性化合物;BFRs(Brominated Flame Retardants)溴化阻燃剂;EEDs(Environmental Endocrine Disruptors)环境内分泌干扰物,PTS(Persistent Toxic Substances)等.     

持久性有机污染物

2001年5月22日签署的《斯德哥尔摩国际公约》中首批提出了12种持久性有机污染物。本文浅述了它们的物化性质、生物毒性、研究现状等,具体讨论了这些持久性有机污染物的特点,为今后监测和分析作准备。     

全二维气相色谱分析持久性有机污染物的应用进展

持久性有机污染物（POPs）组分复杂,在自然界中超痕量存在,其分离分析十分困难。全二维气相色谱（GC×GC）作为一种新型色谱技术,与传统的一维气相色谱相比,具有峰容量大、分辨率和灵敏度高等优势,越来越广泛地应用于环境有机污染物的分析。该文综述了近十年来全二维气相色谱在持久性有机污染物分析中的应用进展,主要包括全二维气相色谱在解决一些复杂POPs定性定量分析难题方面的应用,如二恶英、毒杀芬和短链氯化石蜡等;概述了全二维气相色谱对多种POPs同时定性定量分析的应用进展;讨论了全二维气相色谱在非目标有机污染物筛查分析中的应用,并对发展趋势及相关应用前景进行了总结展望。     

持久性有机污染物调查监控与预警技术有进展

由国家环境分析测试中心承担的“持久性有机污染物调查监控与预警技术研究”获得进展。主要参加单位有中国科学院生态环境研究中心、北京大学环境学院和中国环境科学研究院。     

持久性有机污染物研究进展

持久性有机污染物(Persistent Organic Pollutants,POPs)是指在环境中难降解、高脂溶性、可以在食物链中富集,能够在大气中通过蒸发-冷凝作用远距离传输而影响到区域乃至全球环境的一类半挥发性毒性很高的污染物.面对POPs对人类健康和生态环境的巨大威胁,国际社会达成共识,在全球范围内采取协调一致的行动.2004年5月17日《关于持久性有机污染物的斯德哥尔摩公约》正式生效,目前已有包括我国在内的178个国家加入了该公约.当前纳入公约控制的POPs已有22种.此外,短链氯化石蜡、六     

欧盟持久性有机污染物列表新增4种物质

据欧盟网站消息,2012年6月20日欧盟委员会发布（EU）No519／2012法规,修订（EC）No850／2004法规,新增硫丹、六氯丁二烯（Hexachlorobutadiene）、多氯化萘（Polychlorinatednaphthalenes）．短链氯化石蜡（SCCPs）为持久性有机污染物。     

有机污染物的持久性评价方法研究进展

持久性有机污染物(POPs)具有持久性、生物蓄积性和高毒性等特点,对人类生存和发展已构成了严重威胁。本文对近年来有关POPs持久性的3种主要量化评价方法的研究进展进行了综述。其中,QSAR/QSPR方法主要以分子结构来推测有机物的理化性质,进而预测总持久性和长距离迁移能力;环境多介质模型方法根据物质在各种环境介质中的分配和反应性来评价物质的持久性;基于化学反应常数的评价方法是通过模拟和简化自然界的各种化学反应,尝试利用测得的反应常数比较物质的持久性。各种方法得到的物质持久性的评价和排序不尽相同,因而仍需要更深入广泛的研究,以建立统一的有机物持久性量化评价的标准体系。     

《斯德哥尔摩公约》禁用的12种持久性有机污染物

介绍持久性有机污染物的概念、特点以及《斯德哥尔摩公约》禁用的 12种持久性有机污染物的种类、组成、结构、应用和危害。     

Persistent Organic Pollutants in Baikal Seal ( Pusa sibirica ) Blubber

The concentrations of persistent organic pollutants in the blubber of Baikal seal were determined. The data obtained over the period from 1997 to 2017 are considered. The revealed changes in the concentrations of PCBs and DDT and its metabolites demonstrate the complexity of the redistribution processes of these compounds. The total concentration of POPs in Baikal seal blubber has not diminished over the past 20 years (1997–2017) and is close to the levels in 1993 and 1981.     

有毒难降解有机污染物的光催化降解

有毒难降解有机污染物的光催化降解在原理、过程和效率等方面仍然存在着巨大的挑战,特别是光催化剂的构效关系、可见光的利用、分子氧的活化和污染物分子矿化分解的机理仍然是今后的研究热点.本文就近年来在半导体光催化和负载型铁离子光催化降解有毒有机污染物的两个重要方面的研究进展进行了评述.     

Persistent organic pollutants (POPs) at Ross Sea (Antarctica)

The most significant findings on the presence of persistent organic pollutants (POPs) in the marine ecosystem at Ross Sea are presented. Seawater samples were collected in many sampling sites located in a large area of the Ross Sea during various Italian expeditions in Antarctica. Two classes of POPs were considered, namely polychlorobiphenyls (PCBs) and polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs). The results highlighted the presence of these compounds in seawater samples at a total concentration level of about 50 pg/l for PCBs, and 220 pg/l for PAHs. Moreover, seawater samples showed low to high molecular weight PAHs (LMW/HMW) and phenanthrene to anthracene (PHE/ANT) ratios higher than 1 and 5, respectively, which may suggest the predominance of a petrogenic source (i.e. petroleum product contamination). Results were also obtained on the POP depth profile in the water column at Cape Adere, where two water masses converge and mix, i.e. the Modified Circumpolar Deep Water (MCDW) and the High Salinity Shelf Water (HSSW). According to both the PAH and temperature profiles a two-fold higher PAH and PCB concentration was observed for MCDW samples with respect to HSSW. This result represents the first experimental evidence of the external input of pollutants in this area of the Ross Sea coming from the outer oceanic circulation.     

水相中POPs光化学降解研究进展

综述了近年来12种持久性有机污染物(POPs)在水体中光化学降解行为,从水体中POPs的光解途径、光解机理和定量结构-性质关系(QSPR)三个方面探讨了POPs在水体中的光化学行为,展望了水体中POPs光化学行为的研究前景.     

一种新的有机污染物采样装置

介绍了一种由类脂物和半透膜组成的采样装置,该装置可模拟生物监测可被生物订的有机污染物。将其用于监测大气、水体、沉积物中的多氯联苯（ＰＣＢｓ）、有机氯农药（ＯＣＰ）和多环芳烃（ＰＡＨｓ）时,结果满意。     

Introduction of a New Devices for Sampling Organic Pollutants

A new mimic biological sampling devices, which consisted of lipid-containing semipermeable-membrane (SPMD) for sampling organic pollutants has been introduced.     

Isolation of Lipophilic Persistent Organic Pollutants From Human Breast Milk

Background: Lipid removal from biological samples can be achieved by addition of concentrated sulfuric acid. However, certain persistent organic pollutants (POPs) such as chlorophenols are decomposed by sulfuric acid treatment and, thus, a more gentle lipid reduction method is needed for extraction of many environmental contaminants from biological samples. Membrane dialysis extraction (MDE) is a non-disruptive method to extract POPs from biological matrices.

Methods: Human breast milk samples were spiked with radiolabelled p,p′-dichlorodiphenyl trichloroethane ([C-14]-DDT) as a POP proxy and extracted using solid phase extraction (SPE). The extracts obtained were dialyzed by MDE in low-density polyethylene tubings containing a mixture of n-hexane and dichloromethane for 24 h, 48 h, or 72 h.

Results: The lipid content was reduced by 86.2% after one dialysis cycle of 24 h using MDE, and 87.1% recovery of the [C-14]-DDT standard was obtained. The DDT recovery could be further increased up to 96.3% and 98.1% by repeating the dialyses for one or two more cycles, respectively. However, the increased [C-14]-DDT recovery includes a concomitant increase in lipid carryover from 13.8% with one dialysis cycle to 22.1% with three cycles.

Conclusion: An SPE procedure for extracting POPs from breast milk and dialytic conditions for isolation of the extracted POP with minimal lipid carryover was established. The method is nondestructive and acceptable recoveries can be obtained within a single solvent shift as demonstrated by spiking standards. The lipid carryover was minimized, and the method may be considered for lipid removal before HPLC or GC analysis of environmental contaminants.