高速动车组气动噪声试验与仿真分析

通过风洞试验对某高速动车组整车、受电弓及转向架远场气动噪声特性进行分析.试验结果表明,高速动车组远场气动噪声是一宽频噪声,总声能随速度的6.6次方增加;由受电弓引起的远场气动噪声主要集中在中高频,噪声峰值频率随速度变化线性增加;由转向架引起的远场气动噪声主要集中在中低频,噪声峰值频率与速度无关.在此基础上,通过大涡模拟...     

车辆天窗气动噪声的数值分析与实验研究

本文从汽车天窗气动噪声的机理入手,利用与实车几何尺寸为1:5的简化模型进行了空腔绕流的数值计算,分析了其流场结构及气动噪声产生的原因.在低速静音风洞中进行了不同流速下的流场和声场实验研究,研究了天窗不同位置的速度剪切层变化,以及不同流速下的声压级变化,发现了除了特征频率下的风振噪声,还存在较大频率范围的气动噪声,其随着...     

风洞热结构考核中温度场相似准则问题研究

高速飞行会让飞行器结构承受大量的气动加热从而导致结构温度或应力失效,高超声速飞行器设计过程中通常需要进行结构考核试验。受风洞设备能力限制,试验模型尺寸、来流条件等方面与实际飞行条件存在很大差异。对真实模型进行缩放处理后进行风洞热结构考核,并通过相似关系转换获得真实飞行器结构温度情况,为飞行器防热布局设计提供有效数据支撑,有着迫切需求。本文通过热传导方程对模型相似参数进行讨论,并根据风洞试验实际边界情况进行了讨论研究。获得了具有针对性的相似准则关系。最后,经过对提出的相似参数进行的算例考核计算和初步分析,验证了该相似准则的正确性。     

高超声速脉冲风洞模型自由飞试验技术

风洞模型自由飞试验利用高速相机记录自由飞行模型的运动历程, 再根据模型运动特征参数反演模型的气动特性.由于没有支撑系统的干扰, 该试验能够较真实地模拟飞行状态, 在飞行器静/动稳定特性研究中具有独特的优势.文章在JF-8A高超声速脉冲风洞中开展了10°尖锥模型自由飞试验, 并以圆球模型的自由飞运动测量风洞动压, 对模型运动特征参数的数字图像提取技术及气动参数的辨识方法等关键技术进行了研究.      

垂直轴风力机叶片表面结冰的风洞试验

为研究垂直轴风力机叶片表面结冰的规律以及结冰对其性能的影响,对采用NACA0018翼型的风力机叶片进行了风洞结冰试验研究。在风洞试验段内安装了喷水装置,室外的寒冷空气被吸入风洞后与过冷水滴一起吹向叶片并碰撞结冰。测试了不同水滴流量和叶片攻角下的叶表结冰分布及叶片的升阻力系数变化。在一定攻角范围内,叶表结冰量随翼型迎风面积增加而增加;结冰后的阻力系数增大,升力系数减小,叶片的气动特性降低。     

Amiet剪切层理论的角度折射验证研究

在开口射流风洞中进行气动噪声的定位测量试验时,射流边界的剪切层会对声传播产生折射影响。在处理过程中需要对传声器测量的信号进行剪切层修正,修正结果将直接影响到波束形成对气动噪声源定位的准确性。本文针对经典的Amiet剪切层修正理论,综合计算气动声学(Computational aeroacoustics,CAA)数值计算与试验测试,对该理论进行了验证,研究表明CAA计算与Amiet理论吻合,Amiet理论能够有效修正剪切层对声波的角度折射影响。     

基于PSD的风洞模型姿态角光学测量技术研究

开发了一种基于光电探测技术的风洞模型姿态角光学测量技术,实现了对姿态角的精确、实时、非接触测量。对激光探测头、模拟试验平台进行了优化设计,编写了功能齐全的实验软件,模拟了风洞试验运行实况,深入开展了一维和二维角度测量实验和分辨率测试实验。实验结果表明,该技术可对模型变化角度进行实时精确测量,测量范围达到了-10°～10°,测量精密度为0.0023°,测量准确度为0.0026°,分辨率可达到0.001°。该光学测量技术在风洞模型的角度测量和振动测量实验中切实可行,为测量风洞试验模型的姿态及振动提供了一种简洁有效的测量方法。     

高速流场对光传输特性的影响

利用一座小型跨超声速风洞进行了高速流场光传输特性试验研究。光束在高速流场中传输时,由于流场密度变化,光波波前会发生畸变。利用风洞提供0.7,2.0和3.0等气流马赫数的流场条件,采用基于夏克-哈特曼波前传感器的光学测量系统,对光束在风洞流场中传输时的波前畸变进行了测量。试验结果表明:随着风洞流场马赫数增加,流场对光波传播的影响增大,光波波前畸变量显著提高。因此,在利用风洞进行气动光学试验研究之前,有必要消除风洞流场本身对光波传输的严重干扰。     

基于PXI总线的Φ0.5米高超声速风洞测量系统研制与应用

测量系统是风洞中必不可少的重要的设备之一,其性能对风洞试验的准确性、可靠性和运行效率具有至关重要的影响。近年来,Ф0.5米高超声速风洞原有测量系统逐渐暴露出精准度下降、软件通用性不足、维护不便等缺点,已不能完全满足日益复杂的风洞试验需求。针对此情况,该风洞重新研制建立了一套基于PXI总线的64通道的测量系统,并通过严格测试投入应用,该系统的应用在一定程度上提高了试验数据测量的准确性、可靠性和自动化程度,拓宽了Ф0.5米高超声速风洞的综合性能。     

圆锥标模高超声速俯仰自由振动试验与分析

为解决自由振动式动导数试验技术在大尺度高超声速风洞中,高气动载荷环境与低频率模拟要求之间的突出矛盾,进一步提高高超声速飞行器较低气动阻尼的测量精度,发展了基于组合式动导数天平的Ф 1 m量级高超声速风洞自由振动试验技术.设计组合式动导数天平,轴承组件承载模型轴向和法向气动力,弹性应变梁提供系统恢复力矩,并可根据减缩频率的要求调整系统自由振动频率,有效提高了天平承载能力,拓展了试验频率模拟范围.在中国空气动力研究与发展中心Ф 1 m高超声速风洞,利用本系统进行了10°半锥角不同钝度圆锥标模俯仰动导数校测试验,所测俯仰动导数与文献结果最大相对误差在6%以内,验证了试验系统和测试结果具有较好的稳定性与重复性.      

Design and performance of a small-scale aeroacoustic wind tunnel

The D5 aeroacoustic wind tunnel at Beihang University is a newly commissioned small-scale closed-circuit wind tunnel with low turbulence intensity and low background noise. The wind tunnel is built to study both aerodynamic and aeroacoustic performance of aircraft components or scaled models. The wind tunnel has two types of test sections, the closed type test section is used for aerodynamic tests while the open type test section is mainly used for aeroacoustic experiments. Both types of test section are 1 m in height and 1 m in width, and the maximum wind velocity in the test section can be up to 80 m/s. An anechoic chamber is built surrounding the test section to provide the non-reflecting condition. This paper provides an overview of design criteria and performance of the small-scale wind tunnel. The layout of the wind tunnel and some critical design treatments to improve aerodynamic and acoustic performance are discussed in detail. Some experiments are conducted to verify the performance of D5 wind tunnel, results confirm that the turbulence intensity is less than 0.08% in the core of test section and the background noise is comparable with other aeroacoustic wind tunnels. A scaled simplified nose landing gear model is also measured as a benchmark test, results reveal that noise radiated from the model is adequately higher than the background noise for a wide frequency range and remarkably consistent with other results from literatures.     

Acoustic and aerodynamic design and characterization of a small-scale aeroacoustic wind tunnel

The aeroacoustic wind tunnel at Brandenburg University of Technology at Cottbus is a newly commissioned research facility for the experimental study of sound generation from bodies immersed in a fluid flow. The paper discusses the design criteria for the open jet wind tunnel that provides a maximum wind speed of 72 m/s at continuous operation and may be operated with nozzles of different dimension between 35 cm diameter (circular nozzle) and 12 cm by 14.7 cm (rectangular nozzle). Experiments may be performed either in a reverberant or in an anechoic environment. Both the aerodynamic and the acoustic design of the wind tunnel components are discussed in detail. Background noise measurements in the completed facility revealed very low levels comparable to other wind tunnels. The results of aerodynamic wind tunnel calibration confirmed a uniform flow quality in the jet and a very low axial turbulence intensity which is less than 0.2% for the 35 cm nozzle and less than 0.1% for the other nozzles. A final benchmark is provided by results of successful trailing edge noise measurements on an SD7003 airfoil that are presented and compared to results from the literature.     

Reverberation cancellation in a closed test section of a wind tunnel using a multi-microphone cesptral method

Nowadays, although aerodynamic data are still primarily sought after during wind tunnel tests, reliable acoustic measurements also become a priority for aircraft designers. In order to gather both kinds of data, aerodynamic and acoustic tests are carried out simultaneously under the same closed test section. This solution has two major drawbacks: the acoustic signals delivered by microphones may be corrupted by the boundary layer expanding on the wind tunnel walls and by the reverberant noise originating from reflective surfaces. Technological solutions can be deployed to reduce the corruption of the signals by the wind tunnel background noise. Methods based on the power cepstrum can be used to reduce reverberation effects by removing the quefrencies due to the echoes in the cepstral domain.     

低速开式空腔自激反馈流场结构与流致噪声的风洞试验研究

本文主要针对低速开式空腔流动自激振荡产生噪声问题,在0.55 m×0.4 m航空声学风洞开展了不同低马赫数(0.1/0.15/0.2/0.25)条件下长深比为2的空腔腔内流场结构和噪声特性风洞试验研究。通过利用高频粒子图像测速技术捕捉腔内流场结构,分析了腔内声波传递路径;完成空腔远场噪声和壁面压力测试,分析了噪声自激振荡模态和简正波模态,并对空腔壁面脉动压力和远场噪声进行压/声相关性研究。结果表明:空腔内部除主涡外,在腔口前缘处剪切涡与腔口后缘处碰撞涡明显存在;在875 Hz,1288 Hz,1875 Hz,2050 Hz四个频率附近出现了由声腔共振所致的单频噪声;壁面压力与远场噪声密切相关,在壁面压力主频位置有明显单频噪声出现。      

Design and performance of an open jet wind tunnel for aero-acoustic measurement

This paper presents the design and performance of an open jet, blow down wind tunnel that was newly commissioned in the anechoic chamber at the ISVR, University of Southampton, UK. This wind tunnel is intended for the measurement of airfoil trailing edge self-noise but can be extended to other aeroacoustic applications. With the primary objectives of achieving acoustically quiet and low turbulence air jet up to 120 m/s through a 0.15 m × 0.45 m nozzle, several novel noise and flow control techniques were implemented in the design. Both the acoustical and aerodynamic performances of the open jet wind tunnel were examined in detail after its fabrication. It is found that the background noise of the facility is adequately low for a wide range of exit jet velocity. The potential core of the free jet is characterized by a low turbulence level of about 0.1%. Benchmark tests by submerging a NACA0012 airfoil with tripped and untripped boundary layers at 0° and 10° angles of attack respectively into the potential core of the free jet were carried out. It was confirmed that the radiating airfoil trailing edge self-noise has levels significantly above the rig noise over a wide range of frequencies. The low noise and low turbulence characteristics of this open jet wind tunnel are comparable to the best facilities in the world, and for its size it is believed to be the first of its kind in the UK.     

基于测试线法的风轮近尾迹辐射噪声研究

在风洞开口实验段,针对不同尖速比应用BSWA VS302USB振动噪声采集分析系统对水平轴风力机叶尖下游4个角度的测试线进行噪声测试.叶尖辐射声中的主要成分是叶片的旋转谐波声,其向风轮下游传播的过程中迅速衰减.在各测试线上,随着测点向风轮下游移动,叶轮辐射声迅速衰减,并在一定距离之后低于背景声,尖速比越高,风轮下游辐射...     

高超声速风洞HSCM系列标准模型气动力实验数据

在风洞建成运行初期和风洞实验技术与CFD技术的不断发展过程中,风洞标模实验一直都有特别重要的现实意义.汇总了近5年FD-07风洞HSCM系列标模实验的结果,针对HSCM系列AGARD HB-2标模、尖锥10°标模、AGARD B标模,给出了系统、全面、详实、可靠的实验数据,为相关实验和计算的评估提供借鉴和参考.      

机动车空气动力测试风洞的声学设计

测试、鉴定并研究高速机动车对环境及在车内所产生的噪声，必须有“安静”的风洞，抑制风洞内的气流噪声，将它的本底噪声降低到车辆噪声以下，测试大厅中有足够低的以上获得应有的自由声场范围，所有的声学处理措施不影响风洞的空气动力性能；吸声构件中不含矿物性纤维材料；具有相应的阻燃性能并易于清洁，本文介绍了满足以上所有要求的斯图加特大学空气动力实验室风洞的声学设计和所采用的新型吸声材料，给出了构造大样及实测结果     

In-flight simulation experiments on turbulent jet mixing noise

The effects of aircraft forward motion on pure turbulent mixing noise from unheated jets have been examined experimentally in the in-flight simulation mode. Both acoustic and flow characteristics were determined by testing model-scale nozzles in an anechoic free jet facility and a wind tunnel, respectively. Scaling laws were derived from each set of experiments and found to be complementary. The implications are discussed in detail. In particular, it is shown that the measured reduction in noise at 90° to the jet axis is a pure source alteration effect.     

Investigation of airframe noise for a large-scale wing model with high-lift devices

The acoustic characteristics of a large-scale model of a wing with high-lift devices in the landing configuration have been studied in the DNW-NWB wind tunnel with an anechoic test section. For the first time in domestic practice, data on airframe noise at high Reynolds numbers (1.1–1.8 × 10⁶) have been obtained, which can be used for assessment of wing noise levels in aircraft certification tests. The scaling factor for recalculating the measurement results to natural conditions has been determined from the condition of collapsing the dimensionless noise spectra obtained at various flow velocities. The beamforming technique has been used to obtain localization of noise sources and provide their ranking with respect to intensity. For flap side-edge noise, which is an important noise component, a noise reduction method has been proposed. The efficiency of this method has been confirmed in DNW-NWB experiments.