Dynamical phase alignment of sampling clock in optical performance monitoring system

In an optical performance monitoring system for high-speed optical communications, the ultra-short optical pulse from the laser is divided into two parts. One is to sample high-speed optical communication signal and the other as the sampling clock in an analog/digital converter(ADC) after detecting using a photon-detector. We propose a simple method based on variance calculation to align the phase of sampling clock in an ADC. The experiments demonstrate that, with the proposed method, the eye diagram or constellation diagram of high-speed optical communication signal can be reconstructed by the optical performance monitoring system.     

Beam wander characteristics of cos and cosh-Gaussian beams

Within the context of a general beam formulation, beam wander characteristics of cos and cosh-Gaussian beams are derived and numerically evaluated. In our graphs, the fundamental Gaussian beam is used as a benchmark for comparisons. The associated plots reveal that at small source sizes, a cos-Gaussian beam has the lowest beam wander, while this property is enhanced with increasing values of the displacement parameter. At large source sizes however, this advantage is taken over by cosh-Gaussian beam. Joint examination against the changing source sizes and propagation lengths shows that the range of source sizes, where the beam wander of cos-Gaussian beam remains lower, is enlarged as we go toward higher propagation lengths. Asymmetric beams tend to exhibit higher beam wanders both at small and large source sizes, but for the intermediate source size ranges, the beam wanders of asymmetric beams will fall below those of the symmetric beams. Explanations concerning these behaviors are offered. A historical account of beam wander formulation is also included.     

光A/D转换器中飞秒脉冲谱分割的Matlab仿真(英)

介绍了一种用于A/D转换的120 GS/s光采样时钟。讨论了生成这种采样时钟的方法,以及一种以其为基础的全光示波器。用Matlab实现飞秒激光脉冲谱分割以及复用的仿真,并进一步说明了用生成的光脉冲序列进行采样时需要考虑的问题。将Optisystem的仿真结果与Matlab的结果进行对比,并用Matlab计算的衰减率结果对Optisystem生成的采样光序列接行了优化。     

光A/D转换器中飞秒脉冲谱分割的Matlab仿真(英)

介绍了一种用于A/D转换的120 GS/s光采样时钟。讨论了生成这种采样时钟的方法,以及一种以其为基础的全光示波器。用Matlab实现飞秒激光脉冲谱分割以及复用的仿真,并进一步说明了用生成的光脉冲序列进行采样时需要考虑的问题。将Optisystem的仿真结果与Matlab的结果进行对比,并用Matlab计算的衰减率结果对Optisystem生成的采样光序列接行了优化。     

激光大气传输束心抖动概率分布

用概率理论研究了湍流大气中传播激光束心抖动概率分布和抖动导致点孔检测平均光强起伏概率分布。结果表明，二维束心抖动概率满足Ｒｉｃｉａｎ分布而点孔检测平均光强的起伏满足Ｇａｍｍａ分布。     

基于异步延迟采样的光通信性能监测方法

基于异步延迟采样和人工神经网络统计学习提出了一种光通信性能监测方法。通过对高速光信号进行异步延迟采样,获得信号二维幅度直方图,然后提取其中特征参数并对人工神经网络进行训练,最后以人工神经网络的预测输出实现对光信号损伤的监测。构建10 Gb/s非归零码开关键控,40 Gb/s光学双二进制码和归零码差分移相键控光通信仿真系统,并对光信噪比、色散和偏振模色散损伤进行监测。仿真结果表明,所提方法对被监测光信号的速率、码型调制格式透明,可同时准确监测多种并存的传输损伤,损伤参数监测误差小于5%。该方法具有电域处理带宽要求低、采样机制简单的特点,适用于分布式在线光性能监测。     

采用大口径投影光学系统监测远场散斑特征参数

大口径投影光学系统采用低成本、大口径菲涅耳透镜制作,可将远场散斑强度分布投影到CCD成像探测器上。通过CCD图像处理,能够对给定孔径上的接收功率、闪烁指数进行量化评估;在接收孔径足够大、保障散斑不会因为光束漂移效应而脱离菲涅耳透镜的条件下,该系统还可以对光束漂移和特征半径进行量化评估。同时讨论了CCD像元响应非均匀性误差及其影响、CCD辐照响应函数和图像几何投影系数的定标方法。实验表明,系统能够对激光大气传输过程中的远场散斑特征参数进行监测。特别对自由空间激光通信系统而言,可以为大气衰减和多种大气湍流效应综合作用下的中值电平慢衰落研究和检测阈值优化设计提供实验数据支撑。     

采用大口径投影光学系统监测远场散斑特征参数

大口径投影光学系统采用低成本、大口径菲涅耳透镜制作,可将远场散斑强度分布投影到CCD成像探测器上。通过CCD图像处理,能够对给定孔径上的接收功率、闪烁指数进行量化评估;在接收孔径足够大、保障散斑不会因为光束漂移效应而脱离菲涅耳透镜的条件下,该系统还可以对光束漂移和特征半径进行量化评估。同时讨论了CCD像元响应非均匀性误差及其影响、CCD辐照响应函数和图像几何投影系数的定标方法。实验表明,系统能够对激光大气传输过程中的远场散斑特征参数进行监测。特别对自由空间激光通信系统而言,可以为大气衰减和多种大气湍流效应综合作用下的中值电平慢衰落研究和检测阈值优化设计提供实验数据支撑。     

Asynchronous midinfrared ultrafast optical parametric oscillator for dual-comb spectroscopy

Two asynchronous, broadband 3.3 μm pulse trains with a stabilized repetition-rate difference of up to 5 kHz were generated using an ultrafast optical parametric oscillator. The two oscillation channels, each producing ～100 mW average power, ran essentially independently, and weak non-phase-matched sum-frequency mixing between them provided a timing signal that indicated when the asynchronous pulses coincided. The system has immediate applications in incoherent asynchronous optical sampling and, with additional carrier-envelope-offset stabilization, could be applied to coherent dual-frequency-comb spectroscopy.     

无线激光通信系统弱光干扰技术

为了探求对无线激光通信最有效、最实用的干扰方式,针对目前应用范围最广泛的强度调制/直接检测无线激光通信系统,采用理论分析、仿真和实验相结合的方法详细地研究了无线激光通信系统的弱光干扰的原理和条件,验证了弱光干扰的可行性,发现其干扰现象主要表现为误码率升高。同时,研究了干扰光的不同重复频率、功率和占空比对采用不同通信体制、速率、发射功率等设计的无线激光通信系统产生的不同的干扰原理和现象。发现了同步通信与异步通信因其不同的时钟体制造成的弱光干扰差异,同步通信主要发生“比特干扰”和 “时钟恢复干扰”,异步通信系统主要发生“起始位干扰”和“数据位干扰”。由于异步通信中帧结构和编码都较为简单,与同步通信相比更易受到干扰光的影响,受到干扰的程度更为严重。     

Tone Modulation in a Passive OTDM Multiplexer for Clock Recovery from a 160 Gbit/s OTDM Signal

Tone modulation in a passive OTDM multiplexer for clock recovery from a 160-Gbit/s OTDM signal by using a base-rate receiver is demonstrated. We performed synchronous demultiplexing in back-to-back arrangement and optical sampling after 320-km transmission.     

海面大气边界层中聚焦光束漂移各向异性的实验研究

 利用位置敏感型光电倍增管（PSPMT）,设计了测量聚焦光束漂移的实验装置。该装置在80 mm的有效探测面内实现了2维位置信号的直接探测,空间分辨率可达1 mm,明显优于四象限探测器和阵列探测器,最高采样频率可达80 kHz,且动态范围很大,优于一般的成像器件。在近海岸海面上5 m处的大气边界层中进行了距离为1 000 m的聚焦激光传输实验。测量结果表明：聚焦光斑的质心漂移具有各向异性,水平方向光斑漂移幅度一般介于5.61 mm和14.83 mm之间,垂直方向光斑漂移幅度介于3.54 mm和7.3 mm之间,两者之比的平均值为1.69;水平方向和垂直方向的光斑漂移功率谱密度（PSD）在低频段也存在差异,垂直方向光斑漂移的PSD比水平方向光斑漂移的PSD下降速率更快。     

Robustness estimation of software-synchronized all-optical sampling for fiber communication systems

The robustness of the software-synchronized all-optical sampling for optical performance monitoring is estimated for 10-Gb/s fiber communication systems. It reveals that the software-synchronized algorithm is sensitive to the signal degradation caused by chromatic dispersion and nonlinearity in optical fibers. The influence of timing jitter and amplitude fluctuation of the sampling pulses is also investigated. It is found that stringent requirements are imposed on the quality of the sampling pulse and the tolerance of 1-dB Q penalty is measured. Considering the practically available optical sampling pulse sources, the results indicate that the amplitude fluctuation of the sampling pulses has the dominant impacts on the software-synchronized method.     

无线光链路快速同步技术

介绍了一种小型无线激光通信系统的硬件结构以及针对该硬件的物理层收发协议。具体阐述了该协议中采用的快速同步技术,该技术能够降低通信终端间同步过程中的带宽浪费。在硬件结构中,主要介绍了激光驱动系统、信号放大和整形系统以及信号接口。硬件相关的物理层协议主要用于外部信号接口、数据流的串行化和解串行化、传输错误在线检测以及传输调度。系统主要针对地基无线光通信设计,使用多相位采样技术在本地生成接收端的采样时钟,与基于PLL的时钟复原方法相比具有更快的同步速度,有效提高了无线光通信系统的带宽利用率,降低了通信误码率。     

Ultrashort optical pulse monitoring using asynchronous optical sampling technique in highly nonlinear fiber

An asynchronous optical sampling scheme based on four-wave mixing （FWM） in highly nonlinear fiber （HNLF） is experimentally demonstrated. Based on this scheme, 10-GHz input pulse train with 1.8-ps pulse width is successfully sampled in 100-m HNLF. A single pulse at 10 GHz with 2.3-ps pulse width is rebuilt by using a 50-MHz frequency tunable free-running fiber laser as the sampling pulse source （SPS）. 40-GHz pulse train is used as the input signal. The rebuilt waveforms, together with the low-jitter eye diagram, are also presented.     

A simple method for clock recovery

All optical bit clock recovery is one of the key technologies for all optical 3R recovery. In this paper, a simple method applying the combination of Fabry–Perot (F–P) filter and semiconductor optical amplifier (SOA) for clock recovery is proposed. The effect of the F–P filter finesse on the clock recovery and the reduction in the amplitude fluctuation of the clock pulse by the SOA are discussed theoretically. With this technology 10 Gbit/s clock recovery with equal amplitude and wavelength transparency was realized experimentally.     

High-speed terahertz time-domain spectroscopy based on electronically controlled optical sampling

We demonstrate high-speed terahertz (THz) time-domain spectroscopy based on electronically controlled optical sampling (ECOPS). The ECOPS system utilizes two synchronized Ti:sapphire femtosecond lasers with a 100 MHz repetition frequency. The time delay between the two laser pulses is demonstrated to be rapidly swept at a scan rate of 1 kHz on a time delay window of 77 ps by using an external offset voltage applied to a locking electronics. It is shown that a THz pulse can be exactly measured by ECOPS, as is done by asynchronous optical sampling (ASOPS), and the measurement time is shortened by a factor of 50 by using ECOPS compared with ASOPS in the case of employing 100 MHz repetition-rate lasers.     

海面大气边界层中聚焦光束漂移各向异性的实验研究

利用位置敏感型光电倍增管（PSPMT）,设计了测量聚焦光束漂移的实验装置。该装置在80 mm的有效探测面内实现了2维位置信号的直接探测,空间分辨率可达1 mm,明显优于四象限探测器和阵列探测器,最高采样频率可达80 kHz,且动态范围很大,优于一般的成像器件。在近海岸海面上5 m处的大气边界层中进行了距离为1 000 m的聚焦激光传输实验。测量结果表明：聚焦光斑的质心漂移具有各向异性,水平方向光斑漂移幅度一般介于5.61 mm和14.83 mm之间,垂直方向光斑漂移幅度介于3.54 mm和7.3 mm之间,两者之比的平均值为1.69;水平方向和垂直方向的光斑漂移功率谱密度（PSD）在低频段也存在差异,垂直方向光斑漂移的PSD比水平方向光斑漂移的PSD下降速率更快。     

The bit pattern effect on all-optical clock recovery using tank circuits and birefringent resonators

In this paper we discuss the bit pattern effect on optical clock signals recovered using tank circuits and using birefringent resonators. For the first time we compare the bit pattern dependence of the clock signals recovered from both schemes. We show that a birefringent resonator can recover the clock for the same number of consecutive zeros as the optical tank circuit. We also show quantitatively that the fluctuation of the clock signal amplitude is less for the birefringent resonator than the optical tank circuit. These results are obtained numerically and confirmed experimentally.     

Interrogation of optical Ramsey spectrum and stability study of an 87Sr optical lattice clock

The optical Ramsey spectrum is experimentally realized in an ⁸⁷Sr optical lattice clock, and the measured linewidth agrees well with theoretical expectation. The coherence time between the clock laser and the atoms, which indicates the maximum free evolution period of using Ramsey detection to measure the atom-laser phase information, is determined as 340(23) ms by measuring the fringe contrasts of the Ramsey spectrum as a function of the free evolution period. Furthermore, with the same clock duty cycle of about 0.1, the clock stability is measured by using the Ramsey and Rabi spectra, respectively. The experimental and theoretical results show approximately the same stability as the two detection methods, which indicates that Ramsey detection cannot obviously improve the clock stability until the clock duty cycle is large enough. Thus, it is of great significance to choose the detection method of a specific clock.