含硅四烃基二锡氧烷的合成及其催化性能

含硅四烃基二锡氧烷;合成;催化;酯化反应;缩醛化反应     

四烃基二锡氧烷在酯化反应中的催化作用

1,1,3,3－四烃基二锡氧烷Ⅰ是一类有机锡氧簇合物,它在固相和液相中[1,2]均为二聚梯形层状结构,在有机合成中表现出特殊的催化活性,与其它含Sn—O键非簇类化合物相比,催化活性和选择性均有大幅度提高．该类化合物是酯交换、酯化、官能团保护和脱保护等反应的优良催化剂［3]．本文合成了一系列四烃基二锡氧烷,并以乙酸与丁醇的酯化反应为例,研究其对该反应的催化作用．     

四烃基二锡氧烷的催化缩醛化性能研究

 合成了一系列含不同烃基和官能团的二锡氧烷,并考察了其对巴豆醛与乙二醇缩合反应的催化作用．结果表明,四烃基二锡氧烷是高效的缩醛化反应催化剂,烃基对催化活性的影响主要归因于其空间位阻效应．二锡氧烷结构中内外锡原子上的烃基都对反应有影响,直链烃基催化剂的活性高于环烃基催化剂,碳数少的直链烃基催化剂的活性高于碳数多的．二锡氧烷上桥联基团的活性顺序为NCS＞CH3O＞Cl＞CH3COO．这与其同乙二醇取代反应的难易程度相关联．提出了巴豆醛与乙二醇的缩合反应机理图式．     

1,3-二氯-1,1,3,3-不对称四烃基二锡氧烷的合成及结构表征

通过氧化二烃基锡与二氯二烃基锡的反应,合成了不对称四烃基二锡氧烷[ClR₂SnOSnR'₂Cl]₂ (R=Bu,Pr; R'=Me,Ph,Cy,Oct).通过对化合物1和5的X-衍射晶体结构分折,表明该类化合物在晶体状态 时是含有中心对称Sn₂O₂四元环的梯状二聚体,内环锡与外环锡均为五配位的畸变三角双锥构型.     

四丁基二锡氧烷催化合成碳酸二酯类化合物的新方法

 以四丁基二锡氧烷为催化剂，通过尿素的醇解反应，合成了四种\r\n高沸点碳酸二酯化合物．研究结果表明，尿素的第一步醇解反应较易进\r\n行，产物收率大于60％；第二步从氨基甲酸酯醇解变为碳酸二酯的反应\r\n较难进行．尿素醇解反应与所用的醇有密切的关系，其中尿素与苯甲醇\r\n醇解为碳酸二酯的反应最易进行，正己醇次之，而正辛醇反应最难进行\r\n．提高反应温度到195℃，以官能团为NCS的四丁基二锡氧烷代替官能团\r\n为Cl的四丁基二锡氧烷为催化剂时，适当提高醇的配比，尿素与正辛醇\r\n醇解为碳酸二酯的产物收率有较大的提高．提出了尿素醇解反应的可能\r\n机理．     

二烃基锡二茂铁羧酸酯的合成及研究

通过二烃基氧化锡与取代二茂铁羧酸缩合，合成14个末见文献报道的二烃基锡 二茂铁羧酸酯化合物．通过对化合物的核磁共振谱、红外光谱、元素分析的研究， 确定化合物的组成和结构及形成结构的原因．化合物12的X衍射单晶测定表明，化 合物是以Sn2O2四元环为中心的中心对称二聚体结构、内环锡为5配位的畸变三角双 锥结构、外环锡为6配位的畸变八面体结构。化合物的抗癌活性实验结果表明，部 分化合物有较高的抗KB肿瘤细胞和抗Bel-7402肿瘤细胞活性．     

微波促进活性炭负载四氯化锡催化合成乙酰乙酸乙酯缩酮

在微波辐射下,以活性炭负载四氯化锡(SnCl4·5H2O/C)为催化剂,不用溶剂,合成了乙酰乙酸乙酯乙二醇缩酮和乙酰乙酸乙酯1,2-丙二醇缩酮。以乙酰乙酸乙酯与乙二醇缩合为模型反应进行优化,其优化条件是:负载量为20%的SnCl4·5H2O/C催化剂0.1 g,乙酰乙酸乙酯5 mL,乙二醇6 mL,微波辐射功率600 W,辐射时间2.5 min,产率达81.6%。产物经过红外光谱表征。     

二（三）苄基锡不饱和烃基膦酸酯的合成

合成了１０种二（三）苄基锡不饱和烃基膦酸酯［（ＰｈＣＨ２）ｎＳｎ］ｎ－１Ｏ２Ｐ（Ｏ）Ｒ（ｎ＝２，３；Ｒ＝—Ｃ≡ＣＰｈ，—Ｃ≡ＣＣ５Ｈ１１－ｎ，—Ｃ≡ＣＣＨ２ＯＣＨ３，—Ｃ≡ＣＣＨ２ＯＣ２Ｈ５，—ＣＨ＝ＣＣｌＰｈ），利用元素分析、核磁共振氢谱和ＴＧ－ＤＴＡ对其组成和结构进行了表征．初步生物活性测试表明，有些化合物具有较强的杀螨和杀菌活性     

含硅二烃基锡羧酸酯的合成及抗癌活性

采用含硅二烃基锡氧化物和羧酸,以1∶2物质量的比进行反应,合成了5个新的有机锡化合物——含硅二烃基锡羧酸酯R(Me_3SiCH_2)SnL_2(R=Me_3SiCH_2或n-Bu,Cy;HL为1-金刚烷甲酸或N-乙酰甘氨酸)。通过IR、~1H NMR、~(13)C NMR和元素分析对它们的结构进行了表征;生物活性测定初步结果表明,它们对乳腺癌细胞MDA-MB-231具有较好的体外抗癌活性。     

微波辐射下苯亚磺酸钠的S-烃基化

在微波辐射下，不用任何有机溶剂和无机载体，苯亚磺酸钠和卤代烃能迅速发生反应生成相应的S-烃基化产物。     

微波促进的杂环化合物合成研究

对微波技术在有机杂环化合物合成研究中的应用做了概述：1)四员杂环;2)五员杂环;3)六员杂环;4)七员杂环;5)大杂环。     

Application of microwave irradiation to the synthesis of 14-helical beta-peptides

[structure: see text] We have evaluated the effects of microwave irradiation on the solid-phase synthesis of beta-peptides. Sequences designed to adopt the 14-helix, especially those containing the structure-promoting residue trans-2-aminocyclohexanecarboxylic acid (ACHC), suffer from poor synthetic efficiency under standard SPPS conditions. A comparison of microwave and conventional heating shows that both provide excellent synthetic results for shorter sequences; however, we identify a clear benefit from microwave irradiation for longer beta-peptides.     

萘满酮类缩氨基硫脲的微波无溶剂快速合成(英文)

在微波辐射无溶剂的条件下,以中性三氧化二铝为载体,快速有效地合成了一系列新的6-甲氧基萘满酮缩氨基硫脲类化合物。这些化合物的结构经核磁,红外,质谱和元素分析所确证,与传统方法相比,微波大大缩短反应时间,从240~300分钟缩短到4~8分钟。而产率从59~70%增加到80~92%。     

无溶剂微波辅助合成醚类化合物的工艺探讨

与传统加热方法相比,通过体系内部分子运动摩擦产热的微波辐射方法可催化化学反应,缩短反应时间,提高转化率和收率.传统的加热方法需要数十小时,甚至几天的反应.     

微波辐射下有效合成缩氨基硫脲类化合物

将肼基二硫代甲酸甲酯与相应的醛或酮在微波辐射下,经2~3.5m in反应得到化合物3-二取代甲(乙)撑肼基二硫代甲酸甲酯1,收率90~96%,然后将化合物1与胺在微波辐射下,经35~45m in反应得到目标化合物2~4,收率68~90%。微波辐射法比常规法显著的缩短了反应时间,提高了收率。共计合成目标化合物19个。以上化合物均经过熔点测定、质谱、红外光谱、核磁共振氢谱对其结构进行确证。     

Improvement in the synthesis of metallophthalocyanines using microwave irradiation

A successful application of microwave irradiation, in which phthalocyanines were synthesized under solventless conditions from 1,2-phthalonitrile or phthalic anhydride and urea in the presence of metal templates is described. It was found that in comparison with conventional heating, the microwave process is a very useful alternative for cyclotetramerization processes because of reduction of the reaction time, better yield, and easy-to-perform procedure.     

Use of microwave irradiation for sugar and nucleoside phosphonates synthesis

Sugar and nucleoside phosphonates have been prepared using a microwave-assisted reaction. The comparison of thermal and microwave experimental conditions of the Michaelis-Arbuzov reaction is reported.     

An efficient protocol for the solid-phase synthesis of glycopeptides under microwave irradiation

A standardized and smooth protocol for solid-phase glycopeptides synthesis under microwave irradiation was developed. Double activation system was proved to allow for highly efficient coupling of Tn-Ser/Thr and bulky core 2-Ser/Thr derivatives. Versatility and robustness of the present strategy was demonstrated by constructing a Mucine-1 (MUC1) fragment and glycosylated fragments of tau protein. The success of this approach relies on the combination of microwave energy, a resin consisting totally of polyethylene glycol, a low excess of sugar amino acid and the "double activation" method.     

CuI-catalyzed domino reactions for the synthesis of benzoxazine-fused isoquinolines under microwave irradiation

A small library of benzoxazine-fused isoquinolines has been synthesized under microwave irradiation (MW) via CuI-catalyzed domino reactions of o-alkynyl aldehydes and amines having embedded nucleophiles. This strategy offers a operationally simple, environmentally acceptable route to synthesize benzoxazine-fused isoquinolines in moderate to good yields. All new compounds were characterized by ¹H NMR, ¹³C NMR, infrared, and high-resolution mass spectrometry techniques.     

Catalyst-free and solvent-free method for the synthesis of quinoxalines under microwave irradiation

A facile procedure for the synthesis.of quinoxalines is being reported starting from benzil and 1,2-diaminobenzene. Thereactions were carried out catalyst-free, solvent-free and under microwave irradiation conditions in high yield (84-98%) with short time (3-6 rain) and environmental benign, as well as convenient operation. The structures of all the compounds have been confirmed on the basis of their IR, 1H NMR, and/or 13C NMR, mass spectral data.