铁—芳烃络合物引发氧化环己烯阳离子光聚合反应动力学…

以环戊二烯异丙苯铁六氟磷酸盐为引发剂，用示差扫描量热法研究了氧化环己烯（ＣＨＯ）阳离子聚合反应动力学。实验结果表明，温度对ＣＨＯ聚合反应影响很大。ＣＨＯ在一系列温度下等温聚合时，放热量和转化率均在４０℃左右最高，而聚合反应速率则随着温度的升高而降低。ＣＨＯ聚合反应属一级反应，化能为－９．８７ｋＪ／ｍｏｌ，并对聚合反应历程进行了理论推导，其结果与实验结果相符合。     

巯基/乙烯基硅氮烷紫外光固化的研究

利用原位红外跟踪技术和光-示差扫描量热技术研究了不同类型多官能巯基化合物与乙烯基硅氮烷的紫外光聚合动力学过程.结果表明,巯基化合物官能度越高,聚合反应速率越高,但最终转化率越低.巯基丙酸酯类化合物比烷基硫醇类化合物更易与乙烯基硅氮烷反应.在较低温度下,反应温度对聚合反应的影响较弱,反应活化能约为2.3kJ/mol,而较高反应温度下反应速率偏离Arrhenius方程.     

铁-芳烃配合物引发环氧化合物的光引发阳离子聚合

以环戊二烯基异丙苯铁六氟磷酸盐为光引发剂,用等温差示扫描量热法(DSC)研究了对甲苯基缩水甘油醚(CGE)的光引发阳离子聚合的温度效应及聚合反应动力学。研究表明CGE聚合时,反应速率及最终转化率随温度变化在550℃及450℃左右有一个峰值。CGE光聚合反应速率与单体浓度的一次方成比例,其反应机理包括两个基本反应,即:引发剂光解产物与单体的配合反应以及在该配合物中单体的开环反应,而这两个反应具有相反的温度效应,升高温度有利于后者而不利于前者。     

丙烯酸酯/液晶体系的光聚合反应动力学对PDLC电光性质的影响

采用光-示差扫描量热法(P-DSC)和光-流变学(P-Rheology)技术,测定了丙烯酸酯/液晶体系的光聚合反应动力学和凝胶化时间.基于自催化模型和凝胶时间-温度关系,计算了体系的光聚合反应速率常数和活化能,探讨了单体结构与组成、反应温度对体系光聚合动力学的影响,并研究了聚合物分散液晶(PDLC)的电光响应行为与相分离结构对光聚合动力学的依赖性.结果表明,升高反应温度、增加体系的单体反应活性和平均官能度,均提高了体系的光聚合速率常数,缩短了光聚合凝胶时间.随着单体反应活性和平均官能度的提高,体系的光聚合反应活化能明显降低,且凝胶化前的光聚合反应活化能低于光聚合全过程的平均反应活化能.当液晶含量为50%时,形成的PDLC呈亚微米尺度的双连续相结构.随着光聚合反应温度的升高,光聚合速率加快,导致凝胶时间缩短、相分离程度降低,使PDLC中液晶相尺寸变小、聚合物网络致密化,PDLC的弛豫时间延长、饱和电压降低,而开启时间和阈值电压变化不大.     

二氧化碳与环氧化物的三元共聚反应动力学过程控制

二氧化碳共聚物的分子结构调控有助于改善其物化性能,尤其是对深受低玻璃化温度困扰的二氧化碳(CO₂)-环氧丙烷(PO)共聚物(PPC).引入氧化环己烯(CHO)为第三单体进行三元共聚是提高PPC耐温性能的重要途径,但是三元共聚反应过程复杂,其动力学研究还处于探索阶段.本文以均相的卟啉铝配合物为催化剂,利用Fineman-Ross方程和在线红外光谱研究CO₂/PO/CHO的三元共聚反应.实验发现较低共聚温度(60～70℃)下PO与CHO的单体竞聚率均小于1,因此通过调整单体投料比即可制备出无规共聚物,进而调整三元共聚物的热力学性能.当共聚温度高于70℃时,CHO竞聚率大幅提高,更容易生成嵌段共聚物.在线红外反应动力学研究表明,此催化体系70℃即使在极低黏度下依然可以快速引发聚合反应,但聚合温度提高后,环状碳酸酯生成量会大幅提升,可明显观察到聚合物的解拉链反应.     

适宜于光聚合过程应用的荧光探针研究

研究了两种探针化合物在安息香醚引发烯类单体光聚合反应中的应用.发现在光聚合反应中,不同的探针化合物有着不同的光谱响应特征和溶致变色行为,显然,这对探针的灵敏度会带来影响.实验结果表明:探针化合物在光聚合反应中能否应用,其光照稳定性起着关键作用.本工作推荐了一种适宜在烯类单体光聚合反应中应用的探针化合物.     

丙烯酸酯/液晶复合体系的光聚合动力学

采用光差示扫描量热分析,研究了以2, 4, 6-三甲基苯甲酰基-二苯基氧化膦(TPO)为光引发剂、丙烯酸异辛酯(EHA)和三羟甲基丙烷三甲基丙烯酸酯(TMPTA)为单体、液晶为P0616A的丙烯酸酯/液晶复合体系在-40~80℃的光聚合动力学。研究表明：丙烯酸酯/液晶复合体系光聚合的自动加速现象非常显著,聚合反应速率和表观动力学常数在聚合过程中均存在最大值。随着反应温度的提高,体系的最终转化率、最大聚合反应速率(Rpmax)均明显提高,当反应温度高于20℃后,其增长均趋于平缓。随着体系中液晶含量的增加,体系的Rpmax呈下降趋势,体系的聚合反应转化率随时间的增长速率较慢,但是最终转化率差别不大,均接近80%。随着UV光强的增高,体系的Rpmax和最终转化率均明显提高, 体系的阈值光强约为4 mw/cm2。而随着体系平均官能度的增加,体系的Rpmax和最终转化率则呈下降的趋势。     

含氧光敏引发体系的研究——V.硫醇添加剂的作用

采用二笨甲酮/三乙胺/硫醇体系作为引发剂,在含氧条件下进行了MMA光聚合反应的动力学研究。实验结果指出,芳香族和脂肪族的硫醇都能加速体系中的光氧化反应,使聚合反应诱导期缩短,芳香族硫醇对聚合反应的加速作(?)比脂肪族硫醇有效。例如,对-甲苯硫酚作添加剂时,使相对量子收率φO_2/φN_2增加到1.8。     

缩聚反应的统计力学和反应动力学理论

以两类典型的缩聚反应为例,研究了缩聚反应的统计理论和反应动力学理论之间的内在联系,给出反应程度与平衡反应动力学常数以及聚合反应自由能之间的关系.在此基础上,借助于聚合反应平衡常数使一些平均高分子物理量的表征得以简化.从热力学角度进一步研究了温度和压力等热力学量对反应体系的影响.     

ACPMA/BPO引发甲基丙烯酸甲酯聚合及其动力学

以4,4′-偶氮二[4-氰基戊酰(对-二甲氨基)苯胺](ACPMA)/过氧化二苯甲酰(BPO)为氧化还原引发体系,研究了甲基丙烯酸甲酯(MMA)在N,N-二甲基甲酰胺(DMF)中的聚合及其动力学行为.考察了聚合反应温度、单体浓度、ACPMA浓度和BPO浓度对聚合反应速率和聚合物分子量的影响,测定了反应级数和聚合反应的活化能.结果表明,在一定范围内,聚合反应速率随单体浓度增大、ACPMA浓度增大、BPO浓度增大和反应温度的升高而增大;聚合物分子量随单体浓度的增大而增大,随ACPMA浓度的增大、BPO浓度增大和反应温度的升高而降低.该体系具有氧化还原引发体系的特征,其引发MMA的聚合速率方程为Rp=K[ACPMA]0.57     

二氧化碳和丙烯直接合成甲基丙烯酸的NiPMo/TiO2催化剂的研究

用溶胶-凝胶法以磷钼酸(MPA)的镍盐溶液水解钛酸四丁酯制备了NiPMo/TiO2催化剂.使用ICP、 XRD、 TG-DTA、 IR、 TPD-MS和微反应技术研究了催化剂的化学组成、热稳定性、化学吸附性质和催化反应性能.杂多钼酸盐与TiO2通过O2-在TiO2表面发生了键合.在623 K下,杂多阴离子仍保持原有的Keggin结构.CO2在Lewis酸位Ni(Ⅱ)和Lewis碱位Ni-O-Mo的桥氧协同作用下生成CO2卧式吸附态Ni(Ⅱ)←O-(CO)←(O--Ni).丙烯有多种吸附态在催化剂上吸附.在563 K、 1 MPa和空速1500 h-1的反应条件下,丙烯的摩尔转化率为3.2%,产物MAA选择性为95%.     

Synthesis of 1-benzyloxypyrazin-2(1H)-one derivatives

Different approaches for the synthesis of 1-benzyloxypyrazin-2(1H)-one derivatives from simple amino acids have been investigated. A library of 33 precursors for the preparation of N-hydroxy pyrazinones was obtained in moderate to good yields.     

Toward new camptothecins. Part 6: Synthesis of crucial ketones and their use in Friedländer reaction

In the context of the preparation of camptothecin and luotonin A analogs, the synthesis of some key keto-precursors and their use in Friedländer condensation are described. This paper also focuses on the stability of these keto intermediates and emphasizes the major differences between indolizinones and pyrroloquinazolinones series. Noteworthy is also the report of some original structures isolated as by-products of some experiments.     

CoFe2O4自形成磁性液体场致结构化对磁化的影响

The Langevin paramagnetic theory can’t describe the relation between magnetization of ferrofluids and applied magnetic field. The structuralization of ferrofluids, which is considered the main influence factor of the magnetization, is regarded. The part of magnetization works is deposited when the structure is forming. This action influences the magnetization of ferrofluids directly or indirectly. On the base of the “compressing” model, the Langevin function that usually describes the magnetization of ferrofluid is modified, and a well-fitted curve is obtained. An equation of the relation between the equivalent volume fraction after being “compressed” and the intensity of magnetic field is discovered, which approximately describes the process of magnetization. The relation between the approximate initial susceptibility and the volume fraction can be obtained from modified formula.     

Highly regioselective Buchwald–Hartwig amination at C-2 of 2,4-dichloropyridine enabling a novel approach to 2,4-bisanilinopyridine (BAPyd) libraries

The highly regioselective Buchwald–Hartwig amination at C-2 of the cheap and readily accessible reagent, 2,4-dichloropyridine with a range of anilines and heterocyclic amines is described. This new methodology is robust and provides a facile access to 4-chloro-N-phenylpyridin-2-amines on 0.25 mol scale. These intermediates undergo a further Buchwald–Hartwig amination at higher temperature to enable rapid exploration of the chemical space at C-4 and to provide a library of 2,4-bisaminopyridines.     

KMnO4-mediated oxidative CN bond cleavage of tertiary amines: Synthesis of amides and sulfonamides

KMnO₄-mediated oxidative CN bond cleavage of tertiary amines producing secondary amine was introduced, which was trapped by electrophiles (acyl chloride and sulfonyl chloride) to form amides and sulfonamides. The reaction could take place at mild condition, tolerating a wide range of function groups and affording products in moderate to excellent yields.     

Chemistry of heterocyclic compounds at the A. E. Favorsky Irkutsk Institute of Chemistry, Siberian Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences, over 50 years (Review)

The review contains a concise historical account and information on the most significant researches undertaken by the staff at the A. E. Favorsky Irkutsk Institute of Chemistry, Siberian Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences on the Chemistry of Heterocyclic Compounds. Dedicated to Academician of the Russian Academy of Sciences B. A. Trofimov on his 70th jubilee. Translated from Khimiya Geterotsiklicheskikh Soedinenii, No. 10, pp. 1443–1502, October, 2008.     

A general and convenient synthesis of 4-(tosylmethyl)semicarbazones and their use in amidoalkylation of hydrogen,heteroatom, and carbon nucleophiles

A general synthesis of previously unknown semicarbazone-based α-amidoalkylating reagents, 4-(tosylmethyl)semicarbazones, has been developed. The synthesis involved three-component condensation of semicarbazones of aliphatic or aromatic aldehydes with the same or other aldehydes and p-toluenesulfinic acid. The scope and limitations of this reaction were investigated. The compounds obtained were demonstrated to be an efficient α-(4-semicarbazono)alkylating agents. They were reacted with H- (sodium borohydride), O- (sodium methylate), S- (sodium phenylthiolate), N- (pyrrolidine, sodium succinimide), P- (trialkyl phosphites), and C-nucleophiles (sodium diethyl malonate) to give the corresponding products of the tosyl group substitution, 4-substituted semicarbazones, including analogues of nitrofurazone. Among the prepared compounds tested in vitro for antibacterial and antifungal activity, three nitrofuryl-containing semicarbazones exhibited high biological activities with minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) values of 8–32 μg/mL.     

Sulfur-directed metal-free and regiospecific methyl C(sp3)–H imidation of thioanisoles

Regiospecific and direct imidation of the methyl C(sp³)–H bond of thioanisoles is realized under mild and metal-free conditions with N-fluorobis(benzenesulfonyl)imide as an oxidant and nitrogen source. Proposed mechanism suggests that thionium ion intermediates and a Pummerer-type reaction are involved. The imidation has advantages such as high step-economy, excellent functionality tolerance, and regiospecificity, giving structurally diverse imidation products.     

Synthesis of novel chiral bidentate hydroxyalkyl-N-heterocyclic carbene ligands and their application in palladium-catalyzed Mizoroki–Heck couplings and asymmetric addition of diethylzinc to benzaldehyde

A small library of new chiral bidentate hydroxyalkyl-imidazolium salts 1 is conveniently synthesized on multi-gram scale from inexpensive and commercially available chiral pool amino acids. The corresponding carbenes, generated by deprotonation of imidazolium salts 1, in combination with palladium(II) chloride were tested in the Mizoroki–Heck coupling reaction. The most significant results in terms of yields and reactivities were achieved with low catalyst loading. The catalytic activities of these imidazolium salts were also investigated in the asymmetric addition of diethylzinc to benzaldehyde. The use of MgO nanoparticles as an additive in conjunction with these ligands played a crucial role in increasing the efficiency of these reactions.