TECTONIC MIGRATION OF OIL AND GAS BASINS IN EASTERN CHINA

This paper deals with the tectonic migration of various types of basins and the regu-larity of time-space distribution of oil and gas in the eastern China basins from the availa-ble geological, geophysical and drill data, and then a preliminary discussion is made onthe relationship between tectonic migration and oil and gas formation.     

吸附丝法研究油气垂直运移理论

本文首次采用新型工具吸附丝研究总烃垂直运移规律, 发现了烃类在泥岩中双向排烃的特征,证实了渗滤,扩散和微渗逸在垂直运移中的作用.     

催化裂化气体烃生成反应动力学模型的研究

本文经蜡油和渣油催化剂裂化反应实验和参数估计，确定气体烃生成反应动力学模型参数，原料油组成的关联系数和活化能参数，建立了催化裂化气体烃生成反应动力学模型。统计检验结果表明，所建模型具有较高的计算精度。     

煤焦油在超临界水中的改质研究

在自制的间歇式高压反应釜中，对煤焦油在超临界水中的改质反应进行了研究。考察了温度、反应停留时间、水密度等对产物分布及组成的影响。通过与N2气氛下的焦油常压热解、高压热解过程所得结果进行对比，表明煤焦油在超临界水中发生了轻质化反应，获得一定量的轻质化油品；超临界水介质的存在还对产气量和过程结焦产生一定的抑制作用。为获得较高的轻组分收率，最佳的反应条件为：450℃左右，反应停留时间约为20 min，水密度约为0.40 g/cm3在此反应条件下的轻质油收率为51.55 w%，比原料中的增加了约30％。     

Fluorescence spectra of matrix isolated silver atoms

Silver atoms isolated in noble gas matrices show fluorescence spectra with large Stokes shifts, when optically excited via the 5P ← 5S transition which is three-fold split in the matrix by spin—orbit and crystal field interaction. The shifts are explained by the formation of an excimeric bond between the excited metal atom and the noble gas cage. For Ag in Kr it is demonstrated, that most of the Stokes shift arises from the ground state repulsion.     

天然气水合物形成的检测

研制的静态水合物试验装置采用可视观察的方法，可以快速确定天然气水合物的形成条件。动态天然气水合物试验装置在利用直接观测来判断水合物形成点的同时，通过监测装置转轮的扭距、试验介质的温度、压力、流速变化，综合判断天然气水合物的形成，此装置可以很好地模拟现场实际的天然气管输工况，实验结果与理论值及实际值差别较小。     

疏松砂岩油藏深部稳砂体系配方设计与应用

针对油藏充填砂的治理,研制了一种新型的防膨抑砂剂NTW-1。室内性能评价表明,防膨抑砂剂具有防膨和抑砂能力,其效果分别优于目前常用的其它抑砂剂或粘土稳定剂的平均水平10.5%和65.6%,同时现场使用简便、成本较低。根据油藏出砂机理,提出了“深部稳砂”新观点,以合成的防膨抑砂剂NTW-1为基础,研究了“深部稳砂”新体系配方,现场应用表明,与常规措施相比,该体系增强了充填砂与骨架砂间的结合力,阻止了深部充填砂的运移,缩小了出砂空间,防砂成功率和有效期分别提高了8.8%和37.3%,单井增油平均提高了46.2%。     

智能水基泡沫研究进展

作为典型的软物质,水基泡沫因具有较小的粒径、较大的比表面积和良好的流动性而广泛应用于洗涤剂、化妆品、食品工程、油气开采等领域。在实际应用中,泡沫的稳定性起着制约性作用。近年来,在环境因素刺激下,能在稳定和非稳定状态之间转变的可控智能泡沫引起了极大关注。针对近年来智能水基泡沫的研究进展,本文综述了基于温度、磁场、光、pH和CO₂响应等智能水基泡沫体系,讨论了不同类型的智能水基泡沫的形成机理及相应性能,展望了智能水基泡沫的应用前景和发展方向。     

茂名油页岩流化床燃烧排放SO2的实验研究

在间歇式流化床反应器中进行了茂名油页岩的燃烧脱硫实验，考察了床温、油页岩粒度、油页岩含水量、钙硫摩尔比和外加灰分／页岩重量比等因素对ＳＯ２排放指标的影响程度。实验结果表明，在本实验范围中，上述因素对二氧化硫排放量影响的强弱程度为：油页岩含水量＞钙硫比＞灰岩比＞床温＞油页岩粒度。通过对实验现象的分析，本文发现工业流化床固硫要求Ｃａ／Ｓ摩尔比远大于１的另一个重要原因是：油页岩热解、挥发分燃烧释放二氧化硫的本征速率远大于石灰石固硫的本征速率。     

Long-term stability of a gas chromatography/mass spectrometry system in quantitative gas analysis

A gas chromatograph/quadrupole mass spectrometer (GC/MS) system was used to supervise a test programme for evaluating the potential of a natural gas storage plant. The dispersion characteristics of a large nitrogen reservoir located in a tight sandstone formation 1600 m below sea level between claystones, was investigated by injection and withdrawal of 350 000 m³ nitrogen with argon as tracer gas. The GC/MS system was installed in a shed in an open field and operated under computer control continuously 24 h a day for three weeks; about 3000 analyses were done. The on-line results were in good agreement with those obtained from additional gas samples withdrawn every 4 h for independent quantitative gas analyses with a purpose-built mass spectrometer.     

Practical aspects of chemometrics for oil spill fingerprinting

Tiered approaches for oil spill fingerprinting have evolved rapidly since the 1990s. Chemometrics provides a large number of tools for pattern recognition, calibration and classification that can increase the speed and the objectivity of the analysis and allow for more extensive use of the available data in this field. However, although the chemometric literature is extensive, it does not focus on practical issues that are relevant to oil spill fingerprinting. The aim of this review is to provide a framework for the use of chemometric approaches in tiered oil spill fingerprinting and to provide clear-cut practical details and experiences that can be used by the forensic chemist. The framework is based on methods for initial screening, which include classification of samples into oil type, detection of non matches and of weathering state, and detailed oil spill fingerprinting, in which a more rigorous matching of an oil spill sample to suspected source oils is obtained. This review is intended as a tutorial, and is based on two examples of initial screening using respectively gas chromatography with flame ionization detection and fluorescence spectroscopy; and two of detailed oil spill fingerprinting where gas chromatography-mass spectrometry data are analyzed according to two approaches: The first relying on sections of processed chromatograms and the second on diagnostic ratios.     

急倾斜煤层地下气化数学模型的研究

煤炭地下气化产气过程与气化炉体的温度分布和渗流条件密切相关。根据急倾斜煤层赋存条件和气化过程的特点，建立了急倾斜煤层地下气化数学模型。介绍了模型参数的确定方法，采用控制容积方法对模型进行了求解，并在模型实验的基础上，对计算结果进行了分析。从温度场分布来看，计算值略高于实测值，各测点相对误差基本均在10%以内。根据模拟计算结果，随着气化通道长度增加，煤气热值提高，但在还原区以后，提高的幅度减小，温度场对煤气热值产生显著影响。由于受温度的影响，在高温区，煤气组分浓度场实测值的变化梯度大于计算值。结果表明，模拟值与实验值能够较好地相吻合，说明对急倾斜煤层地下气化温度场和浓度场的数值模拟是合理的。     

A Study on Inhibitors for the Prevention of Hydrate Formation in Gas Transmission Pipeline

Gas Hydrate is usually formed during the transportation and treatment of oil and gas, resulting in the plugging of gas pipeline and equipment. Three thermodynamic calculation formulas are analyzed to deal with this problem. The lowering of the freezing point of the inhibitors AT is used to calculate the formation temperature of natural gas hydrates. This is considered to be a good approach because it is not limited by what kind and what concentration of inhibitors one uses. Besides, the rate of lowering of the freezing point could be easily measured. The result of testing methanol and mono-ethylene glycol in a reactor shows that adding 10% inhibitors to the reactor can prevent the hydrates formation. Kinetic inhibitors are favored in the present research. They are divided into two types, polymer and surface-active agents. Their characteristics, mechanisms, and application prospect are separately discussed. Polymer inhibitors exhibit better efficiency. The result of field application of VC-713 inhibiter is also given in this article. In practice, the combination of thermodynamic inhibitors and kinetic inhibitors gives better result.     

生物质在超临界水中热解行为的初步研究

在间歇式高压反应釜中，考察了生物质（稻杆）在超临界水中的热解行为，研究了热解产物分布随反应温度、压力以及停留时间的变化规律。结果表明,气体收率随温度升高而增加，油收率则先增加后减少，380 ℃～410 ℃产油量较大，可达28.57%；气体收率和油收率随压力升高而增加，残渣收率则明显减小，但当压力高于31.5 MPa后，油收率基本不再随压力的升高而变化；气体收率随停留时间的延长而增加，油收率则先增加后减少。     

辽河和孤岛渣油供氢能力与生焦趋势

首先以蒽为化学探针对孤岛、辽河和胜利减压渣油及其四组分的氢转移能力进行表征,原理是,蒽与渣油在３５０～４００℃热反应,渣油向蒽供氢,使蒽转化成９,１０－二氢蒽,用气相色谱分析定量测定热反应产物中的９,１０－二氢蒽,并计算出单位重量油样供氢量;然后在４００℃下热处理测定三种渣油的生焦诱导期（定义为生焦０１％时所用时间）。结果发现：虽然它们四组分相近,但氢转移潜力相差较大,特别是它们的沥青质的氢转移能力相差悬殊;渣油热生焦诱导期长短与它们氢转移能力趋势一致     

三维全扫描荧光法在油田单井评价中的应用研究

采用信息量大的三维全扫描荧光法，以发射、激发波长和荧光强度三维空间荧光图和荧光强度等高线图描述样品中的芳烃含量。以总荧光强度、特征荧光强度及Ｒ值来研究芳烃含量随井深的变化情况和油气运移机制。     

ORGANIZATION OF PIGMENT-PROTEIN COMPLEXES INTO MACRODOMAINS IN THE THYLAKOID MEMBRANES OF WILD-TYPE and CHLOROPHYLL fo-LESS MUTANT OF BARLEY AS REVEALED BY CIRCULAR DICHROISM

The organization of pigment-protein complexes into large chiral macrodomains was investigated in wild-type and chlorophyll b-less mutant thylakoid membranes of barley. The variations in the anomalous circular dichroism bands and in the angular-dependence of circular intensity differential scattering showed that in wild-type chloroplasts, the formation of macrodomains was governed by interactions of the light-harvesting chlorophyll alb complexes (LHCII). Two external factors could be identified which regulate the parameters of the anomalous circular dichroism signal: (i) electrostatic screening by divalent cations under conditions that favor membrane stacking and (ii) the osmotic pressure of the medium, which is suggested to affect the lateral interactions between complexes and influence the packing-density of particles. These two factors governed preferentially the negative and the positive anomalous circular dichroism signals, respectively. In the chlorina f-2 mutant thylakoid membranes, deficient in most chlorophyll b binding proteins, the formation of macrodomains which gave rise to the anomalous circular dichroism signals was still regulated by these same external factors. However, in the absence of major LHCII polypeptides the formation of macrodomains was apparently mediated by other complexes having weaker interaction capabilities. As a consequence, the size of the macrodomains under comparable conditions appeared smaller in the mutant than in the wild-type thylakoid membranes. Circular dichroism is a valuable probe for examining the long-range interactions between pigment-protein complexes which participate in the formation and stabilization of membrane ultrastruc-ture. A functional role of macrodomains in long-range energy migration processes is proposed.     

Migration Study of Polypropylene (PP) Oil Blends in Food Simulants

Migration study in aqueous and olive oil food simulants was carried out on PP and its blend with oil mixture. It was found that after 10 days at 44 °C PP with oil content up to 0.83% had overall migration into olive oil less than 10 mg/dm². However, under high temperature migration test (at 110–138 C for 4 hours), the overall migration into olive oil was large for both the virgin PP and all its blends. The overall migration in water, 10% ethanol, and 3% acetic acid was smaller than those in olive oil under both migration test conditions. DSC and density measurement showed that addition of oil in PP led to smaller spherulite size and increased degree of crystallinity in the pure PP part. Small decrease in tensile strength in the oil blends was also observed but there was no significant change in tensile strength after migration test.     

The Thermocapillary Migrations of Drop and Fluid in Microgravity Environment

In this article, we consider that the geothermal gradient induces the surface tension gradient and the surface tension gradient induces longitudinal shear stress and fluid motion. The temperature gradient induces transfer of heat and matter. A theoretical solution of the velocity distribution of thin fluid film and the velocity of migration of oil are presented. Three experiments attest to the geothermal gradient is assuredly a driven force of the migration of oil. An experiment is mathematics simulation of migration of oil; the other two experiments are from literatures (Huang, C., Hu, L., & Kang, Q. (2005) Acta Mechanica Sinica, 37 (02), 232–237; Qiu, N. & Fang, J. (2003) Oil & Gas Geology, 24 (03), 210–214 [in Chinese].). All experiments show that under the action of an applied temperature difference the gradient of surface tension is formed. The consequence of variation of the surface tension due to a thermal gradient results in a tangential stress which, by viscous traction, causes the motion of neighboring fluid. The temperature difference and time control the migration velocity and distance. This also may effect accumulation and evolvement of oil/gas.     

某些氰基甲(月无无日)类试剂与表面活性剂的作用机理

本文研究了表面活性剂对1,5-二(2-羟基-5-氯苯基)-3-氰基甲(月朁)(HCPCF)及1,5-二(2-羟基-5-磺基苯基)-3-氰基甲(月朁)(HSPCF)以及其金属络合物吸收光谱的影响;通过对电泳、析相等现象的分析,探讨了HCPCF、HSPCF及其相应络合物反应行为的差别;讨论了胶束对络合反应速度的影响。