超声波半微量提取快速测定人参总皂甙

应用超声波半微量提取法建立了人参中总皂甙的快速测定方法。与索氏提取测定法相比 ,本方法测定单一样品所用时间由 2～ 3个工作日缩短到 1～ 2h ,样品用量由 2 .0g减少到 0 .1g ,并节省大量试剂 ,工作效率提高数 1 0倍。与索氏法对照分析表明 ,本法可满足人参中总皂甙的快速测定要求。     

口香糖中人参总皂甙样品前处理方法比较研究

用乙醚分散口香糖胶基,温水超声提取,水饱和正丁醇萃取,可见分光光度法对样品进行定量测定。与人参皂甙测定的行业标准方法相比,本方法样品前处理方法更有效,样品测定结果线性好(r=0.9993),平均回收率为99.2%,精密度实验RSD为1.7%(n=6)。本方法可以作为口香糖中人参总皂甙分析测定的简便、快速方法。     

加速溶剂萃取用于有机氯杀虫剂残留分析

研究加速溶剂萃取对复杂的生物基质中有机氯农药的提取效率,并与索氏提取法进行比较,两种方法的提取效率相差不大。加速溶剂萃取是一种快速高效的样品提取方法。     

回流液体柱色谱用于天然产物分析的研究

液体柱色谱是现代分离有机化合物的主要手段。但此法耗费溶剂多,溶剂在下滴过程中污染空气,回收洗出液的工作量大。索氏脂肪提取器(Soxhletextractor)用于提取某些组分,耗费溶剂少,操作方便。有人用索氏提取器分离马兜铃酸,取得较好效果。但与液体柱色谱相比,索氏提取器的分离效果很差。粗短尾析柱的广泛使用,取得了不少经验。我们对比这两种分离方法的优缺点以后,发现可以把二者结合起来。为此,设计了一种新的装置,取名为回流层析柱。它具有液体柱色谱及索氏提取器的优点。     

快速溶剂萃取柚皮中的黄酮类化合物

采用快速溶剂萃取法从柚子皮中提取出黄酮类化合物,考察了不同的提取溶剂、提取时间、提取温度、循环次数等提取条件下的提取效果,并与微波法、超声波法及索氏提取法进行了对比.结果表明,快速溶剂萃取法提取柚子皮中的黄酮类化合物,在提取溶剂用量、提取时间和提取效率等方面,均优于传统的提取方法,且自动化程度高,为进一步开发利用柚子皮的药用价值提供了参考.     

博落回生物总碱提取方法研究

对比酸水浸提法、醇提取法、索氏提取法的提取率,探讨博落回中总生物碱的最佳提取方法。从提取率、生物碱含量、有机溶剂消耗方面对酸水浸提提、乙醇提取以及索氏提取等方法的比较得出以下结论:索氏提取法中有机溶剂的回收率是最高的,酸水浸提法次之,醇提取法对原料的利用率相对来说是最低的。     

反相高效液相色谱法测定人参皂甙Compound-K的含量

人参皂甙compound-K(C-K)在人参中的含量极低,但它是其他含量较高的人参皂甙Rb1和Rb2等在人体肠道内的主要 降解产物和最终吸收形式,具有很高的生物活性。采用反相高效液相色谱法测定了人参总皂甙发酵液中C-K的含量。色谱 条件为:反相C18柱;乙腈-水(体积比为48∶52)溶液为流动相,流速1.0 mL/min;紫外检测波长203 nm;柱温35 ℃;外标法 定量。结果表明:C-K的质量浓度为0.05~0.8 g/L时,其峰面积与质量浓度具有良好的线性关系,相关系数为0.9998。方法 的检测限(S/N=3)为2.5 mg/L,峰面积测定值的相对标准偏差(n=6)为2.20%。测定栽培人参总皂甙及三七茎叶总皂甙微生 物发酵液中C-K的平均加标回收率(n=3)分别为98.6%和99.7%。该方法快速简便,准确可靠,可用于C-K的制备研究及药物 开发。     

中药刺五加叶中有效成分的几种微波辅助提取方法研究

利用高压微波提取法、常压回流微波提取法、流动微波提取法和索氏提取法提取中药刺五加中黄酮和皂苷类化合物,考察各种提取方法提取效率随时间的变化。结果表明,高压微波提取法在压力为300kPa,完全提取的时间为10min;常压回流微波提取法完全提取的时间为14min;流动微波提取法完全提取的时间为10min;索氏提取法需8h尚能完成。各种提取方法总黄酮的提取率分别为43．7、48．2、42．7和34．7mg／g;总皂苷的提取效率分别为60．2、61．5、59．8和46．5mg/g。与索氏提取法比较,微波提取法提取黄酮和皂苷,提取时间大大缩短,且提取效率显著提高。     

泡沫浮选-固相提取HPLC测定西洋参根中的人参皂苷

西洋参(Panax quinquefolius L.)有降压、降血糖、提高免疫力的作用~([1]),对神经系统、心血管系统均有良好的调节作用,对心律失常有明显的预防和治疗作用~([2]).西洋参的主要有效成分为人参皂苷,同时还含有挥发油、氨基酸、多糖和微量元素等~([3]).近年来,索氏抽提法、超声波辅助萃取法、微波辅助萃取法、超临界萃取法等方法都广泛应用于人参根中人参皂苷的提取~([4]).本研究采用超声提取,将泡沫浮选与固相提取结合只需称取少量西洋参根样品就可分离测定西洋参根中的常见人参皂苷.     

基质固相分散-高效液相色谱法测定大青叶中靛玉红

将基质固相分散提取技术应用于大青叶中靛玉红的提取。对分散剂和洗脱溶剂等实验因素进行了考察和优化。结果表明,以硅胶为分散剂,甲醇为洗脱溶剂时,靛玉红的提取效果最好。实验采用高效液相色谱对提取液进行分析。线性范围为0.0151~12.5μg·mL-1,线性相关系数0.9999。方法的精密度小于3.2%。平均回收率为93.97%~100.9%。将优化的方法与索氏和超声提取法进行了对比,结果表明,由MSPD获得的靛玉红产率与索氏法获得的相当。建立的方法快速,适合分析大青叶中的靛玉红。     

二氧化碳和丙烯直接合成甲基丙烯酸的NiPMo/TiO2催化剂的研究

用溶胶-凝胶法以磷钼酸(MPA)的镍盐溶液水解钛酸四丁酯制备了NiPMo/TiO2催化剂.使用ICP、 XRD、 TG-DTA、 IR、 TPD-MS和微反应技术研究了催化剂的化学组成、热稳定性、化学吸附性质和催化反应性能.杂多钼酸盐与TiO2通过O2-在TiO2表面发生了键合.在623 K下,杂多阴离子仍保持原有的Keggin结构.CO2在Lewis酸位Ni(Ⅱ)和Lewis碱位Ni-O-Mo的桥氧协同作用下生成CO2卧式吸附态Ni(Ⅱ)←O-(CO)←(O--Ni).丙烯有多种吸附态在催化剂上吸附.在563 K、 1 MPa和空速1500 h-1的反应条件下,丙烯的摩尔转化率为3.2%,产物MAA选择性为95%.     

CoFe2O4自形成磁性液体场致结构化对磁化的影响

The Langevin paramagnetic theory can’t describe the relation between magnetization of ferrofluids and applied magnetic field. The structuralization of ferrofluids, which is considered the main influence factor of the magnetization, is regarded. The part of magnetization works is deposited when the structure is forming. This action influences the magnetization of ferrofluids directly or indirectly. On the base of the “compressing” model, the Langevin function that usually describes the magnetization of ferrofluid is modified, and a well-fitted curve is obtained. An equation of the relation between the equivalent volume fraction after being “compressed” and the intensity of magnetic field is discovered, which approximately describes the process of magnetization. The relation between the approximate initial susceptibility and the volume fraction can be obtained from modified formula.     

Highly regioselective Buchwald–Hartwig amination at C-2 of 2,4-dichloropyridine enabling a novel approach to 2,4-bisanilinopyridine (BAPyd) libraries

The highly regioselective Buchwald–Hartwig amination at C-2 of the cheap and readily accessible reagent, 2,4-dichloropyridine with a range of anilines and heterocyclic amines is described. This new methodology is robust and provides a facile access to 4-chloro-N-phenylpyridin-2-amines on 0.25 mol scale. These intermediates undergo a further Buchwald–Hartwig amination at higher temperature to enable rapid exploration of the chemical space at C-4 and to provide a library of 2,4-bisaminopyridines.     

Sulfur-directed metal-free and regiospecific methyl C(sp3)–H imidation of thioanisoles

Regiospecific and direct imidation of the methyl C(sp³)–H bond of thioanisoles is realized under mild and metal-free conditions with N-fluorobis(benzenesulfonyl)imide as an oxidant and nitrogen source. Proposed mechanism suggests that thionium ion intermediates and a Pummerer-type reaction are involved. The imidation has advantages such as high step-economy, excellent functionality tolerance, and regiospecificity, giving structurally diverse imidation products.     

Selective syntheses of 2H-1,3-oxazines and 1H-pyrrol-3(2H)-ones via temperature-dependent Rh(II)-carbenoid-mediated 2H-azirine-ring expansion

The Rh(II)-catalyzed reaction of 2-carbonyl-substituted 2H-azirines with ethyl 2-cyano-2-diazoacetate or 2-diazo-3,3,3-trifluoropropionate provides an easy access to 2H-1,3-oxazines and 1H-pyrrol-3(2H)-ones. These compounds can be selectively prepared from the same starting material using temperature as the only varied parameter. The 2-azabuta-1,3-diene intermediate, a common precursor for both heterocyclic products, isomerizes into 2H-1,3-oxazine under kinetic control, while 1H-pyrrol-3(2H)-one is the sole product of the reaction at elevated temperatures. According to DFT-calculations a one-atom oxazine ring contraction involving ring-opening to a 2-azabuta-1,3-diene intermediate, followed by a 1,5- and 1,2-prototropic shift leads to the consecutive formation of imidoylketene and azomethine ylide, which then further undergo cyclization to the pyrrole derivative.     

Copper catalyzed/mediated synthetic methodology for ebselen and related isoselenazolones

Scope of the copper catalyzed/mediated selenium-nitrogen coupling reaction has been studied for the synthesis of isoselenazolones. It is noticed that the 2-chloro, 2-bromo-, and 2-iodo-aryl amides substrates can be exploited in the selenium-nitrogen coupling reaction by employing 25-100 mol % of CuI/1,10-phenanthroline (L) and potassium carbonate as a base in DMF. Furthermore, electron rich 2-chloro-arylamides also underwent selenium-nitrogen coupling reaction to give biologically important selenium-nitrogen heterocycles. Also, copper-catalyzed selenium-nitrogen coupling reaction has been meticulously applied for the synthesis of diaryl diselenides having methoxy, amine, and amide functionality from respective aryl iodides in the presence of stoichiometric amount of succinimide as an external Se-N coupling partner.     

Knoevenagel condensation catalyzed by novel Nmm-based ionic liquids in water

A series of novel N-methyl morpholine (Nmm) based ionic liquids with 1,2-propanediol group were synthesized and used as catalysts for Knoevenagel condensation at room temperature in water. Under the effect of the catalyst, various aldehydes or aliphatic ketones could react with a wide range of activated methylene compounds well, including malononitrile, alkyl cyanoacetate, cyanoacetamide, β-diketone, barbituric acid, 2-arylacetonitrile and thiazolidinedione. Furthermore, most of the products could be separated just by filtrating and washing with water. Additionally, the catalyst is recyclable and applicable for the large-scale synthesis.     

Construction of polyheterocyclic spirotetrahydrothiophene derivatives via sulfa-Michael/aldol cascade reaction

A series of polyheterocyclic spirotetrahydrothiophene derivatives were obtained in moderate to excellent yields via a catalyst-free sulfa-Michael/aldol cascade reaction of chalcones 1 and commercially available 1,4-dithiane-2,5-diol 2 under mild conditions. We also present the first asymmetric sulfa-Michael/aldol cascade reaction of chalcones 1 and commercially available 1,4-dithiane-2,5-diol 2 with moderate to good enantioselectivities catalyzed by readily available chiral phase-transfer catalysts (PTCs).     

Suzuki-Miyaura reactions of the soluble guanylate cyclase inhibitor NS2028: a non-product specific route to C-8 substituted analogues

Both soluble guanylate cyclase (sGC) inhibitors ODQ 1 and NS2028 2 are synthesized via improved protocols. In the former case treating 3,4-dihydroquinoxalin-2(1H)-one oxime 8, which can be prepared in two steps from 1,2-benzenediamine, with 1,1′-carbonyldiimidazole (CDI) gives the dihydro-ODQ 10 that in the presence of KMnO₄ oxidises to give ODQ 1 in an overall yield of 46% starting from 1,2-benzenediamine. In the latter case, the synthesis affords NS2028 2 from 2-amino-4-bromophenol 3 in three steps with an overall yield of 85% and avoids the need for chromatography. Furthermore, Suzuki-Miyaura reaction conditions are described that enable the preparation of 8-aryl and 8-heteroaryl derivatives of NS2028 directly from NS2028 2. Finally, demethylation of the 8-(methoxyphenyl) substituted analogues afforded the 8-(hydroxyphenyl) derivatives 40-42. All new products are fully characterised.