174例男性不育症患者精浆微量元素检测与分析

检测了174例男性不育症患者精浆锌、铁、铅、钙、镁等五种微量元素,以探讨不育症患者精浆微量元素含量与精液质量的关系。结果显示：（1）粘稠性精液组精浆锌含量显著低于正常粘度精液组（P＜0．01）,精浆钙含量低于正常度精液组（P＜0．05）,铁、铅、镁含量无差异（P＜0．05）。（2）无精子及少精子症组精浆铁、钙含量高于精子密度正常组（P＜0．01）,铜含量低于精子密度正常组（P＜0．01）,锌、镁含量无差异（P＜0．05）。（3）精子活动率低下组与正常组浆微量元素含量无差异（P＜0．05）。提示精浆锌、铁、铅、钙等微量元素含量改变是影响精液质量的重要原因之一。精浆镁含量与精液质量似无明显关系。     

男性不育患者精液白细胞、巨噬细胞与锌的研究

为探讨男性不育患者精液白细胞、巨噬细胞与锌的关系,研究测定了85例男性不育患者精液白细胞、巨噬细胞和精浆锌的含量.结果提示,不育男性中精液白细胞≥106/mL组与精浆锌之间有显著性差异（P＜0.01）：精浆锌含量与巨噬细胞阳性组差异有显著性（P＜0.05）,说明精液白细胞、巨噬细胞可能对精浆锌的含量有一定的影响.     

男性不育症患者头发、精液锌含量分析

测定了68例男性不育症患者精液中的锌含量及53例男性不育症患者头发中锌含量,与对照组相比两者显著偏低,分别为2.48±1.69 mmoL/L和(140.8±49.0)×10 -6.但头发锌和精液锌含量并不相关,r=-0.05,低精液锌患者的头发锌含量并不低于对照组.反映锌在男性生殖系统代谢中存在特异性.另精液不液化患者的精液锌水平较其它原因导致不育的患者要显著偏低.     

正常与不育男性精浆锌和铜的研究

测定了正常男性３３例与不育男性１４４例糖浆微量元素锌和铜的含量（μｇ／ｍＬ）：正常组锌２０２．５９±５２．９，铜０．２５±０．０１９，不育组锌１１７±５７．５，铜０．４８±０．３８．所得结果表明：不育组精浆锌明显低于正常组，差别有极显著意义．不育组精浆铜明显高于正常组，差别有显著意义．     

精索静脉曲张不育患者精液铜, 锌元素的检测

精索静脉曲张是男性中一种常见的疾病，也是造成男性不良的重要病因。本文对２０例精索静脉曲张不育患者精液中铜、锌元素进行了检测，结果表明，患者精液中铜、锌含量与正常对照组无显著差异，精索静脉曲张不育与精液中铜、锌含量无相关性存在。同时提示，通过补锌治疗男性不育不可一概而论。     

微量元素缺乏与不育不孕

曾有研究单位对不明原因男性不育病人进行补锌治疗，结果发现效果很好，平均精子计数提高者占62．9％，而且无须进行其他治疗。单纯补锌使24．2％的病人妻子成功妊娠。由此可见微量元素缺乏与不育症之间的密切关系。许多抗肿瘤药物都有抑制性腺，使精子数下降的副作用，而锌就有对抗这一反应的作用。目前常用的治疗男性不育的中药配方均是富含微量元素的，微量元素在男性不育症治疗中起到了举足轻重的作用。     

脑血管疾病患者头发微量元素含量检测分析

研究了脑血管疾病患者头发微量元素与疾病发生的关系。采用电感耦合高频等离子体发射光谱法定量测定脑血管疾病男性患者头发中铁、铜、钙、锰、钴、镍、锶、镁八种微量元素含量,并与健康成年男性相比,差异有显著性;女性患者头发中锌、钙、镍、钼、锶、鳄、钛七种微量元素含量与健康成年女性相比,差异有显著性。提示微量元素对维持血管正常结构、保持血管完整性、抗凝及对抗自由基有重要作用。     

癫痫与微量元素

评论了微量元素锌,铜,铁,锰与癫痫的关系。癫痫患者血浆中锌、铜、铁含量比正常对照组增高,锰含量降低。锌／铜比值较正常对照组明显降低。而癫痫患者发锌,铁含量比正常人对照组升高,发铜,锰含量降低。     

铅对生殖系统的影响

铅不仅对生殖过程的各个环节产生直接毒害作用 ,而且还影响性激素的合成及下丘脑 -垂体 -性腺轴的调节功能。铅对男性生殖功能的影响主要表现在损害或干扰精子的正常产生过程、性功能减退、不育、子代发育异常或先天性疾患等方面。据报道 ,随着血铅水平的升高 ,铅作业工人的精液量、精子密度、精子总数、活精子数、精子活力和精液中锌、磷酸和柠檬酸含量逐渐减少 ,精子形态畸变增多。这些结果提示 ,铅对性腺睾丸具有直接毒害作用。此外 ,还发现铅作业男工血铅、精液铅和黄体生成素 (ＬＨ)水平显著增高 ,血清卵泡刺激素(ＦＳＨ)和血浆睾丸酮 …     

慢性前列腺炎及其不育患者精液铜、锌元素的初步研究

慢性前列腺炎是男性中一种常见的疾病。会造成男性生育力的降低。本文对6例无生育力和18例有生育力的慢性前列腺炎患者精液中铜，锌元素进行了检测。结果表明，天生育力的患者精液中铜，锌含量与有生育力患者的含量无显著差异。所以，慢性前列腺炎不育与精液中铜，锌含量无相关性存在。     

Dichroism of absorption and polarization of phosphorescence of molecules of the closed form of nitrobenzospirothiopyran

The spectral-polarization characteristics of absorption and phosphorescence of molecules of the initial form of nitro-substituted indolinospirobenzothiopyran were studied in oriented polyethylene films and in solutions with different polarity. An oscillator model of the electron transitions responsible for the formation of absorption and luminescence spectra was suggested. It was established that the principal differences in the spectral and photophysical properties of the compound studied and its oxygen-containing analog are associated with the fact that the electronegativity of the S atom is lower than that of the O atom. Translated fromIzvestiya Akademii Nauk. Seriya Khimicheskaya, No. 6, pp. 1143–1146, June, 1997.     

Synthesis of phenolic components of Grains of Paradise

Two vanilloids, (5E)-8-(4-hydroxy-3-methoxyphenyl)oct-5-en-4-one (1) and 4-[3-hydroxydecyl]-2-methoxyphenol (2), isolated from the dried seeds of Grains of Paradise (Aframomum melegueta), were synthesized; the latter compound was made as the S-enantiomer and the material derived from the seeds was found to be a 1:1.7 mixture of the R and S isomers. The synthetic route used should allow the preparation of analogs having extended alkyl chains and consequently different lipophilicity, and 3, a homolog of 2, was also prepared.     

非那雄胺合成工艺改进

非那雄胺能抑制5α-还原酶的活性,明显降低二氢睾酮水平,是一种治疗良性前列腺增生的有效药品。该合成工艺以甾烯酮酸为原料,将其与氯化亚砜反应,无须分离即与叔丁胺反应得17β-酰胺化合物,再氧化开环,环合,氢化,脱氢合成了非那雄胺。经元素分析、IR、1HNMR、13CNMR、MS分析表征了其结构。该法无须使用昂贵的2,2-二吡啶二硫化物和剧毒药品苯亚硒酸酐,且以乙酸铵代替氨气,降低了对设备的要求和腐蚀,更适用于工业生产。     

Study of hydration of two cements of different strengths

Main hydration products of two cement pastes, i.e. CSH-gel, portlandite (P) (and specific surface S) were studied by static heating, and by SEM, TEM and XRD, as a function of cement strength (C-33 and C-43) hydration time (th) and subsequent hydration in water vapour.Total change in mass on hydration and air drying, M_o, increased with strength of cement paste and with hydration time. Content of water escaping at 110 to 220°C, defined as water bound with low energy, mainly interlayer and hydrate water, was independent on cement strength but its content increased with (th). Content of chemically bound (zeolitic) water in CSH-gel, escaping at 220-400°C, was slightly dependent on strength and increased with (th). It was possibly derived from the dehydroxylation of CSH-gel and AFm phase. Portlandite water, escaping at 400-500°C, was independent on cement strength and was higher on longer hydration. Large P crystals were formed in the weaker cement paste C-33. Smaller crystals were formed in C-43 but they increased with (th). Carbonate formated on contact with air (calcite, vaterite and aragonite), decomposed in cement at 600-700^oC. It was high in pastes C-33(1 month) and C-43(1 month), i.e. 5.7 and 3.3%, respectively; it was less than 1% after 6 hydration months (low sensitivity to carbonation) in agreement with the XRD study showing carbonates in the air dry paste (1month), and its absence on prolonged hydration (6 months) and on acetone treatment. Water vapour treatment of (6 months) pastes or wetting-drying increased this sensitivity.Nanosized P-crystals, detected by TEM, could contribute to the cement strength; carbonate was observed on the rims of gel clusters.This revised version was published online in November 2005 with corrections to the Cover Date.     

Determination of heats of detonation and influence of components of composite explosives on heats of detonation of high explosives

The heats of detonation of 20 simple high explosives and explosive mixtures were determined by means of an adiabatic detonation calorimeter designed by the authors. The results indicated that the performance of the instrument was reliable and the experimental data were very accurate. For explosive mixtures, there was a linear accumulative relationship between the heats of detonation of the explosive mixture and its components. Accordingly, the heats of detonation of explosive mixtures could be calculated directly from the heats of detonation of simple explosives and the characteristic heats of other components. The experiments showed that the gold or brass shell of the cylindrical charge could be substituted by a thick-walled porcelain shell, which had the advantage of cheapness.

     

恶臭嗅辨实验室建设探讨

针对恶臭测试的环境影响问题,提出了解决的实例方案,并对方案的要点及优缺点进行讨论,此方案在实际操作中具有较好的效果。     

Investigation of Kinetics of Solid-Phase Synthesis of Lithium Orthosilicate

The kinetics of the interaction between lithium carbonate and silica with various degrees of dispersion was investigated by TG and DTA methods. It was found that the utilization of pyrogenic silica with a specific surface area of about 300 m²g^-1 instead of aerosil with one of 175 m²g^-1 leads to an increase of the reaction rate between lithium carbonate and silica, which depends on the formation and growth of lithium orthosilicate crystals in the first stage, and is conditioned by the diffusion of lithium and oxygen ions through the lithium orthosilicate layer formed at temperatures above 800 K. This supposition is supported by the kinetic analysis results obtained with the use of the different models. The optimal regime of heating is recommended. This revised version was published online in July 2006 with corrections to the Cover Date.     

小环化合物中饱和碳质子化学位移的计算

小环化合物由于其张力、构型、构象和各向异性效应等原因,环碳上质子化学位移缺乏规律性,难以预测,对此作者曾提出一种近似算法。本文根据303种小环化合物中饱和碳质子的化学位移实验数据,将适于计算这类质子化学位移的公式表述为:     

解决能源问题的新途径--光解水制氢的研究

面对日益枯竭的能源危机,氢能是一种洁净、最有前景的替代能源。目前在各种制氢的方法中光催化分解水制氢的研究最多,光解水过程中催化剂最关键,本文对利用太阳能光解水的途径、提高光催化反应效率以及光催化剂的开发研究进行了综述。